考研考博-英语-云南水利水电职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南水利水电职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

The（）fortravellingwithoutaticketis£200.

问题1选项

A.penal

B.panel

C.panelize

D.penalty

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词及词义辨析。A项形容词penal“刑事的、刑罚的”，B项名词panel“仪表盘、陪审团”，C项动词panelize“处罚、处刑”，D项名词penalty“罚款、罚金”；句意：长途旅行不买票罚款200镑。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

strophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkindofstar,theflat,“two-dimensional”configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.Accretiondisksexistinavarietyofsituationswheremattersswirlaroundacompactstarsuchasawhitedwarfstaroraneutronstar.Accretiondisksarealsosuspectedofplayingapartinmoreexoticsituations,inwhichthecentralobjectisimaginedtobeasupermassiveblackhole,theultimateformofcollapsedmatter,ratherthanacompactstar.Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.Similarly,thebasicphysicsofthepowerbywhichaccretiondisksradiate,thoughttooriginateinaformofturbulentfriction,isknownonlyatthecrudestlevel.

AccretiondiskswerefirstdefinedinthecontextofCataclysmicvariables.Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.Theviscosityinthediskthusformedcausesheating,radiation,andaslowspiralingofdiskmatterontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.

Therapidadvancesmadeinx-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstarratherthanawhitedwarf.Theinnerreachesoftheaccretiondiskextenddeeplyintothegravitationalpotentialoftheneutronstarwhereveryrapidmotionistherule.Theenergyreleasedbyfrictionandtheactualrainingofthematerialfromthediskontothesurfaceoftheneutronstarissogreatthatradiationisgivenoffinapowerfulfloodofx-rays.Andinatleastonecase,x-rayastronomersbelievethattheobjectinthecenterofanaccretiondiskisablackhole,suggestingthatathirdsystemmayexist.

Ithadbeenassumedthatportionsofaccretiondiskswouldbeunstableandthat,asaresult,clumpingoftheirmatterintoringswouldoccur.Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.

Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.Abramowicz'workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpredictionsoftheinstabilityofaccretiondiskswerebasedonwhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAbramowicz’workcanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcurrentscientificknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesofordinarystars?

5.ThepassagesuggeststhatAbramowicz’workwasmotivatedbywhichofthefollowingassumptions?

6.Thepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingabouttheprogressofknowledgeinastrophysics?

7.Thepassagesuggeststhat,comparedtothestudyofordinarystars,thestudyofaccretiondisksis（

）.

8.Accordingtothepassage,someaccretiondisksoriginatedin（

）.

9.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesignificanceofAbramowicz’workisthatit（

）.

问题1选项

A.comparingAbramowicz’worktotheworkofearlierastrophysicists

B.providinginformationaboutaccretiondisksanddiscussingsignificantnewwork

C.definingtheconditionsunderwhichaccretiondiskscanbeobserved

D.exploringthequestionofwhetherablackholecaneverbethecentralobjectofanaccretiondisk

E.describingthephenomenonofaccretiondisksandreviewingseveralconflictingtheoriesoftheirorigins

问题2选项

A.AcalculationoftheprobableeffectsofstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

B.AcalculationoftheprobablerelationshipbetweengeneralrelativityandstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

C.Acalculationoftheenergyreleasedbyfrictionwithinacompactstar

D.Observationofthex-raysradiatedbycompactstars

E.Observationoftheclumpingofaccretiondiskmatterintoringsaroundcompactstars

问题3选项

A.uncertainapproval

B.unqualifiedrespect

C.mildinterest

D.carefuldismissal

E.hostileskepticism

问题4选项

A.Itspatternofdevelopmenthasbeenanalogoustothatofdevelopmentsinx-rayastronomy.

B.Itsroleintheexplanationofturbulentfrictionhasbeensignificant.

C.Ithascontributedtoamoreaccuratemodelingofordinarystars.

D.Itlagsbehindknowledgeofscalinglaws.

E.Itexplainsthebehaviorofaccretiondisksaswellasthatofordinarystars.

问题5选项

A.Thequantityofenergyreleasedbyaccretiondiskscanbeaslargeasitisonlyifthedisksarestable.

B.Improvedtechniquesinx-rayastronomywouldrevealanyinstabilitiesoccurringinaccretiondisks.

C.Thelackofobservationalevidenceofinstabilitiesinaccretiondiskssuggeststhatpredictionsoftheiroccurrencemightbewrong.

D.Knownmethodsofobservingaccretiondisksurroundingcompactstarsandblackholesdonotpermittheobservationofthematterinaccretiondisks.

E.Thegravitationalpotentialofcompactstarsdoesnotvaryfromstartostar.

问题6选项

A.Adherencetooutdatedtheorieshas,inthepast,limitedtheactivitiesofastrophysicistsandrestrictedprogress.

B.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredonlyasaresultofsignificantbreakthroughsinbasicphysicsandchemistry.

C.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredasaresultofaprocessofdefiningandsolvingrestrictedproblems.

D.Giventherecentacquisitionofknowledgeaboutthenuclearprocessesofstars,furtherprogressislikelytobelimitedtotherefinementofwhatisalreadyknown.

E.Conclusionsinastrophysicshave,inthepast,beenseriouslyflawed,thuslimitingprogress,althoughtherehaverecentlybeensignsofchange.

问题7选项

A.derivative

B.moresophisticated

C.lessclearlyfocused

D.atanearlierstageofdevelopment

E.moredependentontechnologicaladvances

问题8选项

A.anincreaseinheatandradiationaroundanordinarystar

B.apowerfulfloodofx-raysemittedbyaneutronstar

C.acollisionbetweentwostars

D.theturbulentfrictiononthesurfaceofacompactstar

E.theaccumulationofmatterremovedfromanordinarystar

问题9选项

A.providesameansofmeasuringthegravitationalpotentialofneutronstars

B.opensanewareaforexplorationinthefieldofx-rayastronomy

C.provesthatscalinglawscannotbeappliedtoaccretiondisks

D.proposesanewsystemofclassificationofstars

E.suggestsaresolutionofadiscrepancybetweenatheoreticalpredictionandactualobservation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:E

第9题:E

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文，原文多次出现关键词“accretiondisks”“newinsights”,从而即可了解作者的写作主旨，得出本题答案。

2.细节推断题。根据题干关键词“instability”将信息点定位到原文第四段第二、三句。“Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.”从而得出本题答案。

3.

观点态度题。根据题干关键词“Abramowicz’work”，可将信息点定位到原文最后一段最后一句。“Abramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.（阿布拉莫维奇的工作是一个很有价值的例子，说明在得出关于吸积盘的结论之前必须小心谨慎。）”作者对其研究是绝对的尊重。从而得出本题答案。

4.

细节推断题。根据题干关键词“thenuclearprocessesofordinarystars”,将信息点定位到原文最后一段第一句。“Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.”从而得出本题答案。

5.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词“Abramowicz’work”，将信息点定位为原文第四段第三句“Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.（在最近的工作中，Abramowicz已经表明，由广义相对论引起的附加引力效应可能会改变预期的牛顿引力关系，使圆盘保持稳定，这表明这些预测的不稳定性可能不会发生。）”，从而得出本题答案。

6.

事实细节题。信息点定位为原文最后一段第一句。根据“involvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscase（就像在本例中所做的那样，涉及到对受限问题的定义和提出解决方案）”即可得出本题答案。

7.

事实细节题。根据题干将信息点定位到原文第一段第四句。根据“Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.（吸积盘的建模仍处于初级阶段，类似于普通恒星使用基本尺度定律建模的日子，而不需要了解恒星的核反应过程。）”即可得出本题答案。

8.

细节事实题。根据题干信息将本题信息点定位到原文第二段第二句。“Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.（在这些系统中，来自普通恒星外层的物质受到附近环绕白矮星的引力影响而被吸引，普通恒星失去的物质不能直接撞击微小白矮星的表面，而是进入围绕恒星的轨道。）”从而得出本题答案。

9.

细节推断题。根据题干信息可将本题信息点定位为原文最后一段。根据段落信息合理推断后即可得出本题答案。

3.单选题

TheAmericansocietyislaidonanexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresources,whichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

问题1选项

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedon

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。belaidon意为“被放置在……上面”；beestablishedon意为“被建立在……上面”；没有beaffiliatedon这样的搭配，affiliate意为“使隶属，加入”；beoriginatedfrom意为“源自于”；beincorporatedwith意为“与……合并”。

句意：美国社会建立在一个自然资源极其不稳定的基础上，这可能与环境的恶化有关。

4.单选题

FirstlaunchedinAprilthisyear,NetMySingaporealsoincludeseffortsthat（

）training,development,andtheexplorationofnewtechnologiesbasedon.

问题1选项

A.obliterate

B.sequester

C.encompass

D.terminate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。obliterate“消灭，清除”；sequester“使隔绝”；encompass“包含，涉及”；terminate“使终止”。句意：于今年四月开始的“净化我的新加坡”运动还包括一系列的培训、发展和与之相关的新技术的开发。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(an)（）way.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris（）inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Activeincommunication

B.Attractiveinpersonality

C.Enjoyableinperfomiance

D.unpredictableinbehavior

问题2选项

A.quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous

问题3选项

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife.

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

问题4选项

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

问题5选项

A.ArtificialRelationships

B.HowtoFormIntimateRelationships

C.TheAffectionateMachine

D.HumansandComputers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。A:在交流上是生动的,第一段指出:Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions(这个机械将不是被动的参与者，而将会增加自己的建议、信息和意见),由此可知A项属于理想伴侣机械的特点。B:在个性上有吸引力,由最后一段中“Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive...(这个电脑自己的个性将是充满生气且令人印象深刻……)可知B项属于理想伴侣机械的特点。C:在表现上令人愉快,第一段指出:Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner(想的伴侣机械（即电脑）将不仅仅在外表、感觉和声音上是友好的，且还会被编程去以令人愉快的方式来表现),因此C属于理想伴侣机械的特点。D:在行为上无法预测,由第一段中“yetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(但是这个机械（即电脑）也仍然稍微有些不可预测)”可知D不符合原文所述。因此选D。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(这整个过程（即人与电脑之间友谊形成的过程）将会以一种微妙的方式来实现，以便避免去给出一个将可能引起恼怒的过度亲密的印象),因此D项“难以察觉的”正确。

3.细节事实题。A:能发起一段有趣的对话,第一段指出:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopic(它有时会主动提出或改变互动的活题),因此A项符合原文所述。B:受先前的交流影响,文章并未提及。C:准备去了解人的生活,由第一段中“initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(在电脑首次与人进行互动时，它可能有些迟疑，但随着对使用者的了解，在互动吋它会变得更放松且亲密)”可知C项符合原文所述。D:有一个令人喜欢且能随机应变的个性,最后一段指出:itwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(它会相应使川者的性格来形成固己的性格。带着如这些样的性格，这个机械可能的确变成一个非常有吸引力的社会伙伴)。因此D符合原文所述。因此本题选B。

4.观点态度题。从末段中“Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(因为这些特征,这个机械可能的确变成一个非常有吸引力的社会伙伴)”可以看出作者持赞成的态度。故选A。

5.主旨大意题。作者在第一段提出“有感情的机械”这个话题及随后段落“阐述有感情的机械与人在友谊形成方式及这种人造友谊带来的好处,因此C项“有感情的机械”比较适合做文章标题。

6.单选题

Veryoldpeopledoraisemoralproblemsforalmosteveryonewhocomesintocontactwiththem.Theirvalues—thiscan'tberepeatedtoooften—arenotnecessarilyourvalues.Physicalcomfort,cleannessandorderarenecessarilythemostimportantthings.Thesocialservicesfromtimetotimefindthemselvesfacedwithaflatwithdecayingfoodcoveredbysmallworms,andanoldpersonlyingaloneonbed,takingnonoticeoftheworms.Butisitinterferingwithpersonalfreedomtoinsistthattheygotolivewithsomeoftheirrelativessothattheymightbetakenbettercareof?Somesocialworkers,theoneswhoclearuptheworms,thinkweareindangerofcarryingthisconceptofpersonalfreedomtothepointwhereseriousrisksarebeingtakenwiththehealthandsafetyoftheold.

Indeed,theoldcanbeeasilyhurtorharmed.Thebodyislikeacaritneedsmoremechanicalmaintenanceasitgetsolder.Youcancarrythiscomparisonrightthroughtotheprovisionofspareparts.Butneverforgetthatsuchoperationsarepainfulexperiences,howevergoodtheresults.Andatwhatpointshouldyouceasetotreattheoldbody?Isitmorallyrighttotrytopushoffdeathbypursuingthedevelopmentofdrugstoexcitetheforgetfuloldmindandtoactivatetheoldbody,knowingthatitisdesignedtodie?Youcannotaskdoctorsorscientiststodecide,becausesolongastheycanseethetechnicalopportunities,theywillfeelboundtogivethematryontheprinciplethatwhilethere'slife,there'shope.

Whenyoutalktotheoldpeople,however,youareforcedtotheconclusionthatwhetherageishappyorunpleasantdependslessonmoneyoronhealththanitdoesonyourabilitytohavefun.

1.ItisimpliedinParagraphonethat（）.

2.Somesocialworkersthinkthat（）.

3.Intheauthor'sopinion,（）.

4.Theword"it"inthelastparagraphrefersto（）.

5.Theauthorthinksthat（）.

问题1选项

A.veryoldpeopleenjoylivingwiththeirrelatives

B.socialserviceshavenothingtodowithveryoldpeople

C.veryoldpeoplewouldliketolivealonesothattheycanhavemorepersonalfreedom

D.veryoldpeopleareabletokeeptheirroomsveryclean

问题2选项

A.healthandsafetyaremoreimportantthanpersonalfreedom

B.personalfreedomismoreimportantthanhealthandsafety

C.oldpeopleshouldkeeptheirroomsclean

D.oneshouldnottakerisksofdealingwitholdpeople

问题3选项

A.thehumanbodycan'tbecomparedtoacar

B.theolderaperson,themorecareheneeds

C.toomuchemphasishasbeenputonoldpeople'svalues

D.itiseasytoprovidesparepartsforoldpeople

问题4选项

A.theconclusionyouhavecometo

B.yourtalktotheoldpeople

C.whetherageishappyorunpleasant

D.one'smoneyorone'shealth

问题5选项

A.medicaldecisionsfortheoldpeopleshouldbelefttothedoctors

B.oldpeoplecanenjoyahappylifeonlyiftheyareveryrich

C.theopinionthatweshouldtryeverymeanspossibletosaveoldpeopleisdoubtful

D.itisalwaysmorallyrighttotreatoldpeopleandpushoffdeath

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知选项A和D表述错误,选项B在文中没有提及,只有选项C符合原文。

2.根据第一段最后一句"Somesocialworkers,...,thinkweareindangerofcarryingthisconceptofpersonalfreedomtothepointwhereseriousrisksarebeingtakenwiththehealthandsafetyoftheold."认为我们持有个人自由的概念是危险的,因为这会给老年人的健康和安全带来严重的风险。也就是说他们认为健康和安全比自由更重要。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第二段的内容,将人的身体和汽车相比较,汽车需要的是机械保养,而人需要手术进行治疗,不管结果如何如何好,但过程是极度痛苦的。作者的潜在意思是,人能感到疼痛,但车却不会,两者完全没有可比性,所以本题选A。

4.分析句子结构并结合句意可知,"it"指的是上句中的"whetherageishappyorunpleasant"。所以选项C正确。

5.根据第二段的最后一句"Youcannotaskdoctorsorscientiststodecide,..."可知选项A错误;根据最后一段可知选项B错误;根据第二段倒数第二句"Isitmorallyrightto...thatitisdesignedtodie?"明知道这是死亡必须经历的过程,却还是通过开发药物来激发健忘的老思想,激活衰老的身体,这在道德上是正确的吗?该句为反问句,说明作者对此是持怀疑的态度,所以选项C正确,选项D错误。

7.单选题

Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouliketoaccomplishwithyourcareers?”anAmericansenatoraskedTimeWarnerexecutivesrecently.“Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.

AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverfromthelateSteveRossintheearly1990s.Onthefinancialfront.Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebt,whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.

Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatwhenwefaceanythreats.”

Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx.NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheproclaimedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.

The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally”,saysLuce,“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.”

1.AnAmericansenatorcriticizedTimeWarnerfor（）.

2.Theword“flap”(paragraph3)heremeans（）.

3.In1992,TimeWarnercausedpublicoutragebecauseit（）.

4.Inthefaceofrecentattacksonthecompany,Levin（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

问题1选项

A.itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice

B.itsself-examinationofthesoul

C.itsneglectofsocialresponsibility

D.itsemphasisoncreativefreedom

问题2选项

A.controversy

B.fear

C.disaster

D.solution

问题3选项

A.sackedworkersasaresultofrestructuring

B.issuedarecordpromotingviolence

C.advocatedthecultureofthestreet

D.challengedthefreedomofexpressionindemocraticsociety

问题4选项

A.stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression

B.softenedhistoneandintroducedanewinitiative

C.yieldedtoobjectionsandresignedfromthecompany

D.requestedunconditionalsupportfromthe15-memberboard

问题5选项

A.profitsandsocialresponsibilitycanrarelygohandinhandinthecompany

B.fewpeopleareconcernedaboutcorporateresponsibility

C.thedebateoverTimeWarner’spolicywillsooninvolveothercompanies

D.theTimeWarnerBoard’sopinionofthecompany’spolicyisdivided

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.（这是一种自我反省，在不同时期，涉及到责任、创作自由和企业底线等问题。）通过这句话我们可以推测出，华纳对于自己社会责任的无视，因此C选项“对社会责任的忽视”正确。而A选项“它提高了公司的股票价格”，这是确有其事，但并不是议员批评它的原因；B选项“它的灵魂的自我反省”，他们有没有反省并不确定；D选项“它强调创作自由”，这个也不是参议员的观点。

2.语义推测题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.（对他来说，说唱带来的不安并没有使生活变得更轻松。）并且后文讲述了华纳因为发行的一些说唱歌曲而遭到抨击，因此说唱给他带来的应该是不好的事，因此A选项“争论”正确。B选项“恐惧”，不符合原意；C选项“不幸，灾难”，语义过重；D选项“解决方案”，和原文不搭。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.（1992年，时代华纳因发行Ice-T的暴力说唱歌曲《警察杀手》而遭到抨击。）可知TimeWarner“引起民怨”，主要是因为他出版了鼓励暴力的唱片。因此B选项“发布了一个宣扬暴力的唱片”正确。A选项“由于重组而被解雇的工人”；C选项“提倡街头文化”以及D选项“挑战民主社会的言论自由”都不正确。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.（但有迹象表明，主席正在放弃他的强硬立场，至少在某种程度上是这样。）因此B选项“他缓和了语气，提出了一些新方案”正确。A选项“坚定捍卫言论自由的立场”；C选项“屈服于反对意见，从公司辞职”以及D选项“请求15名董事会成员无条件支持”都不是真实的。

5.判断推理题。从最后一段Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally（我们中的一些人已经知道很多很多年了，第一修正案规定的自由并不是完全的），可知，宪法第一修正案中的言论自由不是没有限制的，因此他们应该同时考虑社会责任，对公司来说利益和社会责任通常不能兼顾。因此A选项“在公司里，利润和社会责任很少能齐头并进”正确。B选项“很少有人关心企业的责任”，过于片面；C选项“关于时代华纳政策的辩论很快就会牵涉到其他公司”，没有提及；D选项“时代华纳董事会对公司的政策意见不一”，不是真正的内涵。

8.单选题

____youwerebusy,Iwouldn’thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.

问题1选项

A.Ifrealized

B.HadIrealized

C.DidIhaverealizedthat

D.AsIrealized

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were,should或had时，可省略if采用倒装句型，将should(would或could)提前。因此正确答案为B。

9.单选题

Ifweacquiesce,we’llbeborrowing（）forthefuture.

问题1选项

A.pit

B.trouble

C.pitfall

D.storm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pit“矿井，深坑，陷阱”；B选项trouble“麻烦，烦恼，故障，动乱”；C选项pitfall“陷阱，圈套，缺陷，诱惑”；D选项storm“暴风雨，大动荡”。句意：如果我们默许，那么我们将在未来陷入到借贷麻烦中。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we（

）soformally.

问题1选项

A.needn'tdressup

B.didnotneedhavedressedup

C.didnotneeddressup

D.needn'thavedressedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。needn’thavedone意为“不必做的事而做了”。

句意：原来只是一个小型家庭聚会，我们没必要打扮得这么正式。

11.单选题

How

difficultitis（）themodern

worldwithoutoil.

问题1选项

A.Imagining

B.imagined

C.toimagine

D.haveimagined

【答案】C

【解析】句意：很难想象现代世界没了石油会怎么样。it做形式主语,不定式内容为实际主语。

12.单选题

Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Ithasremainedbasicallythesame.

B.Ithasbecomebetterunderstood.

C.Ithasbeenexaggerated.

D.Ithasdecreased.

问题2选项

A.Itisnowthesecondleadingcauseofdeathforcentenarians.

B.Itdevelopsmoreeasilyincentenarianswhoarenotactive.

C.Itcallsformoreintensiveresearch.

D.Ithashadnoeffectivecuresofar.

问题3选项

A.Theycherishtheirlifemorethanever.

B.Theirmindsfailbeforetheirbodiesdo.

C.Theirqualityoflifedeterioratesrapidly.

D.Theycaremoreabouttheirphysicalhealth.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

【解析】PassageTwo

[13]Inrecentyears,thedeathrateamongAmericancentenarians—peoplewhohavelivedtoage100orolder—hasdecreased,dropping14percentforwomenand20percentformenfrom2008to2014.Theleadingcausesofdeathinthisagegrouparealsochanging.

In2000,thetopfivecausesofdeathforcentenarianswereheartdisease,stroke,flu,cancerandAlzheimer’sdisease.Butby2014,thedeathratefromAlzheimer’sdiseaseforthisagegrouphadmorethandoubled—increasingfrom3.8percentto8.5percent—[14]makingtheprogressivebraindiseasethesecondleadingcauseof