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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京信息工程大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

MyfatherhadreturnedfromhisbusinessvisittoLondonwhenIcamein,ratherlate,tosupper.Icouldtellatoncethatheandmymotherhadbeendiscussingsomething.Inthathalf-playful,half-seriouswayIknewsowell,hesaid,“HowwouldyouliketogotoEton?”

“Youbet,”Icriedquicklycatchingthejoke.Everyoneknewitwasthemostexpensive,themostfamousofschools.Youhadtobeenteredatbirth,ifnotbefore.Besides,evenat12or13,Iunderstoodmyfather.Hedislikedanyformofshowingoff.Healwaysknewhisproperstationinlife,whichwasinthemiddleofthemiddleclass,ourhousewassemi-detached;hehadshrunkfromjoiningthearistocraticRoyalLiverpoolGolfClubandapproachedasmalleroneinstead;thoughoncehehadacquiredasecond-handRolls-Royceataremarkablylowprice,hefeltembarrasseddrivingit,andquicklychangeditforanAustin1100.

Thiscouldonlybehisdelightfulwayoftellingmethatthewholeboardingschoolideawastobedropped.Alas!Ishouldalsohaverememberedthathehadalikingforbeingdifferentfromeveryoneelse,ifitdidnotconflictwithhisfearofdrawingattentiontohimself.

ItseemedthathehadhappenedtobetalkingtoGrahamBrownoftheLondonoffice,averynicefellow,andGrahamhadafriendwhohadjustenteredhisboyattheschool,andwhilehewasinthatpartoftheworldhethoughthemightjustaswellphonethem.Iremembermyeyesstingingandmyhandsshakingwiththeconfusionofmyfeelings.Therewasexcitement,attheheartofgreatsadness.

“Oh,hedoesn’twanttogoaway,”saidmymother,“Youshouldn’tgoonlikethis.”“It’suptohim,”saidmyfather.“Hecanmakeuphisownmind.”

1.IfafatherwantstosendhissontoEton,hehadbetterapplyforit____.

2.Thehousetheylivedinwas____.

3.HisfathersoldhisRolls-Roycebecause____.

4.Thewriter’sfatherenjoyedbeingdifferentaslongas____.

5.Whatwasthewriter’sreactiontotheideaofgoingtoboarding-school?

问题1选项

A.assoonashissonisborn

B.whenhissonis12or13

C.evenbeforehissonisborn

D.onlyifhissonisclever

问题2选项

A.thebesttheycouldafford

B.rightfortheirsocialposition

C.neartheGolfClub

D.rathersmall

问题3选项

A.itmadehimfeeluneasy

B.itwastoooldtobeefficient

C.itwastooexpensivetoown

D.heneededmoneythen

问题4选项

A.itenabledhimtoshowoff

B.itdidn’tinvolvehiminarguments

C.itwasunderstoodasajoke

D.therewasnodangerofhisshowingoff

问题5选项

A.Hewasveryunhappy.

B.Hehadmixedfeelings.

C.Hewasdelighted.

D.Hedidn’tbelieveit.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

IfafatherwantstosendhissontoEton,hehadbetterapplyforit____.如果一个父亲想送他的儿子去伊顿公学,他最好在____就申请。

A.assoonashissonisbornA.儿子一出生

B.whenhissonis12or13B.儿子12岁或13岁时

C.evenbeforehissonisbornC.儿子出生前

D.onlyifhissoniscleverD.除非他的儿子聪明的时候

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“如果出生前没有,那么你必须在出生时登记。(Youhadtobeenteredatbirth,ifnotbefore.)”由此可知如果没有在出生前登记,那么必须在出生时登记。由此可推断,最好在出生前就申请。因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“儿子一出生”,根据推断,最好是在出生前登记,该选项属于反向干扰;

B选项“儿子12岁或13岁时”,根据推断,最好是在出生前登记,该选项属于反向干扰;

D选项“除非他的儿子聪明的时候”,曲解原文,该选项属于过度推断。

2.【选项释义】

Thehousetheylivedinwas____.他们住的房子____。

A.thebesttheycouldaffordA.是他们能负担得起的最好的房子

B.rightfortheirsocialpositionB.与他们的社会地位相称

C.neartheGolfClubC.在高尔夫俱乐部附近

D.rathersmallD.相当小

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段第六句“他总是知道自己在生活中应有的地位(hisproperstationinlife),也就是中产阶级的中间阶层,我们的房子是半独立式的。”由此可知,作者的父亲非常清楚自己的社会地位,所以可推断他们的房子与他们的社会地位相称。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“是他们能负担得起的最好的房子”,文章没有体现,该选项属于无中生有;

C选项“在高尔夫俱乐部附近”,文章只是说父亲减少去贵族式高尔夫俱乐部,并不是说他们房子在高尔夫俱乐部附近,该选项属于曲解原文;

D选项“相当小”,根据文章可知,他们的房子是半独立式的,并没有相当小,该选项属于反向干扰。

3.【选项释义】

HisfathersoldhisRolls-Roycebecause____.他的父亲卖掉了他的劳斯莱斯汽车,因为____。

A.itmadehimfeeluneasyA.它使他感到不安

B.itwastoooldtobeefficientB.它太旧了,效率不高

C.itwastooexpensivetoownC.拥有它太贵了

D.heneededmoneythenD.那时他需要钱

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段最后一句“尽管有一次他以极低的价格买了一辆二手劳斯莱斯,但开起来他觉得很尴尬(hefeltembarrasseddrivingit),于是很快就把它换成了奥斯汀1100。”由此可知作者的父亲觉得开劳斯莱斯很尴尬,可推断这辆车使他感到不安。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“它太旧了,效率不高”,文中没有体现,该选项属于无中生有;

C选项“拥有它太贵了”,文中提到“尽管有一次他以极低的价格买了一辆二手劳斯莱斯”,可知这辆汽车并不是太贵了,该选项属于反向干扰;

D选项“那时他需要钱”,由文中定位点可知,并不是需要钱而是作者的父亲觉得开起来太尴尬,该选项属于过度推断。

4.【选项释义】

Thewriter’sfatherenjoyedbeingdifferentaslongas____.作者的父亲喜欢与众不同,只要____。

A.itenabledhimtoshowoffA.这能让他炫耀

B.itdidn’tinvolvehiminargumentsB.不卷入争论

C.itwasunderstoodasajokeC.这被理解为一个笑话

D.therewasnodangerofhisshowingoffD.他没有炫耀的危险

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段最后一句“我也应该记得,他喜欢与众不同,如果这与他害怕引起别人注意的恐惧不冲突的话(hehadalikingforbeingdifferentfromeveryoneelse,ifitdidnotconflictwithhisfearofdrawingattentiontohimself)。”由此可知,作者的父亲喜欢与众不同,但是不希望引起别人的注意。由此可推断,作者的父亲不希望他有炫耀的风险。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“这能让他炫耀”,由推断可知,作者的父亲并不想炫耀,该选项与原文意思相反,属于反向干扰;

B选项“不卷入争论”,文中只是说他害怕引起别人注意,并没有说争论,该选项属于过度推断;

C选项“这被理解为一个笑话”,曲解原文,属于过度推断。

5.【选项释义】

Whatwasthewriter’sreactiontotheideaofgoingtoboarding-school?作者对上寄宿学校的想法有什么反应?

A.Hewasveryunhappy.A.他很不高兴。

B.Hehadmixedfeelings.B.他百感交集。

C.Hewasdelighted.C.他很高兴。

D.Hedidn’tbelieveit.D.他不相信。

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第二段最后两句“我记得我的眼睛刺痛,我的手颤抖,因为我的感觉混乱。兴奋之情溢于言表,但内心却极度悲伤。(Iremembermyeyesstingingandmyhandsshakingwiththeconfusionofmyfeelings.Therewasexcitement,attheheartofgreatsadness.)”由此可知,作者既开心又难过,可推断他内心百感交集。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他很不高兴。”,文中说的是作者既开心又难过,并不是很不高兴,该选项属于反向干扰;

C选项“他很高兴。”,文中作者内心也有悲伤的感觉不仅仅是高兴,该选项属于以偏概全;

D选项“他不相信。”,文中没有体现,该选项属于无中生有。

2.单选题

Igotcaughtinthetraffic;______Iwouldhavebeenheresooner.

问题1选项

A.however

B.although

C.anyway

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.however然而B.although尽管

C.anyway不管怎样D.otherwise否则

【考查点】句间逻辑。

【解题思路】前半句说“遇上了交通堵塞”,后半句说“我早就来了”,从中可知,后半句是前半句的结果,要用连词otherwise。因此,D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项表示转折;

B、C选项表示让步。

【句意】我遇上了交通堵塞;否则我早就来了。

3.单选题

Sofar,thepolicecanonly()onthepossiblemotivesforthekilling.

问题1选项

A.conceive

B.speculate

C.assume

D.imagine

【答案】B

【解析】conceive"构思,设想";speculate"推测";assume"假定;承担";imagine"想象,猜想"。句意:到目前为止,警方只能推测可能的杀人动机。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

I.Jurisprudence

Itispracticallyimpossibletoimagineconstitutionallawwithoutdissent.TheveryfirstopinionintheCharterera—thePatriationReference—wasmarkedbyit.Dissentispowerfulandevocative,evenmythic;itsuggestsroadsnottakenandparalleluniverses.Itevokesafundamentaland,sometimes,unsettlingcontingencyaboutlaw.Itcanbeproblematic,disruptingeasyunderstandingsofhowtoacourt“getsitright”and,thus,damagingtoacourt’slegitimacy.

Yet,dissenthaspositiveaspects,too.Itcan:betterarticulatenormsandunderstandingsunderlyingkeydecision-rules;provideacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy;laythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw;provideanecessaryoutletfordisagreementthatotherwisemightconstrainandfrustratejudicialactors;andevensecurebroaderacceptanceofamajoritydecisionbyshowingthatitisaproductofdeliberation.

Inthispaper,Ipresentanotherpossible“upside”todissentthatfocusesontheissueinQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.A:equality.First,IcanvasstwowaysthatdissentmanifestsinCharterjurisprudence:one(functional)relatingtothejudiciary’sappropriateroleinconstitutionaldisputes;andtheother(principled)relatingtotheidentification,scopeorapplicationofrulesandnorms.Thetwomodelsarerichlyrepresentedinequalityjurisprudence.IntheSupremeCourt’sfirstSection15case,Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbia,theCourtdividedoverthefunctionalquestionofhowcloselytheCourtshouldscrutinizelegislateddifference.Insubsequentcases,theCourthasstruggledtoreachconsensusonthemeaningofequalityitself—anissueofprinciple.

Thefactthatequalityjurisprudencehasbeencharacterizedbychronicdisagreementmightappearunfortunate.Butmyreviewofsection15caselawsuggeststhat,byprovidingthespacetofullyfleshoutpointsofdisagreement,dissenthascontributedtoricheraccountsofequality.BorrowingthelanguageofCassSunstein,Isuggestthatadividedequalitydecisionthatistheresultoffailuretoreachagreementon“deep”issuesispreferabletoonethat,asthepriceofunanimity,remains“shallow”.IconcludethatthedecisioninQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.Aisdeepratherthanshallowandso,despiteitsfrustratingdivisions,itisonthewholebetterthanmanyoftheunanimousequalitydecisionsthatprecededit.

1.TheauthorlistedthefollowingpositiveaspectsofdissentBUT___.

2.Fromthethirdparagraph,onecanknowthefollowingBUT___.

3.Theauthorthinksthatadividedequalitydecisionispreferablebecause___.

4.Whatisthemostsuitabletopicfortheseparagraphs?

问题1选项

A.Itprovidesacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy

B.Itcanlaythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw

C.Itcanprovideanecessaryoutletfordisagreement

D.Itcanbedamagingtoacourt’slegitimacy

问题2选项

A.Theauthordiscussesthecasesinwhichthefunctionofdissentsisobviousintwoways

B.Thesubsequentcasesweredecidedbyconsensus

C.Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbiaisaconstitutionalcaserelatingtoSection15

D.Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbiawasnotdecidedunanimously

问题3选项

A.itcontributestoricheraccountsofequality

B.itisdeep

C.itisonthewholebetter

D.isfrustratinglydivided

问题4选项

A.TheDissentinEqualityJurisprudence

B.TheUpsideofDissent

C.TheUpsideofDissentinEqualityJurisprudence

D.TheEqualityJurisprudence

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Itcanbeproblematic,disruptingeasyunderstandingsofhowtoacourt“getsitright”and,thus,damagingtoacourt’slegitimacy.(它可能会造成问题,扰乱人们对法院如何“正确处理”的简单理解,从而损害法院的合法性)可知选D选项“它可能会损害法院的合法性”,D选项不属于积极的方面;根据题干关键词“positiveaspectsofdissent”定位到原文第二段Yet,dissenthaspositiveaspects,too.Itcan:betterarticulatenormsandunderstandingsunderlyingkeydecision-rules;provideacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy;laythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw;provideanecessaryoutletfordisagreementthatotherwisemightconstrainandfrustratejudicialactors;(然而,异议也有积极的一面。它可以:更好地阐明关键决策规则背后的规范和理解;对盛行的正统学说提供一种反叙事;为法律的未来发展奠定基础;为可能限制和挫败司法行为人的分歧提供一个必要的发泄途径)可知A选项“它是对主流正统观念的一种反驳”,B选项“可以为法律的未来发展奠定基础”,C选项“它可以为分歧提供一个必要的出口”都属于积极的方面。因此D选项符合题意。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段IntheSupremeCourt’sfirstSection15case,Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbia,theCourtdividedoverthefunctionalquestionofhowcloselytheCourtshouldscrutinizelegislateddifference.Insubsequentcases,theCourthasstruggledtoreachconsensusonthemeaningofequalityitself—anissueofprinciple.(在最高法院第15节的安德鲁斯诉不列颠哥伦比亚省法律协会案中,最高法院就法院应在多大程度上仔细审查立法上的差异这一功能问题存在分歧。在随后的案件中,最高法院一直在努力就平等本身的含义达成共识——这是一个原则问题)可知B选项“随后的案件由协商一致决定”不符合原文,原文只是提到在随后的案件中,最高法院一直在努力就平等本身的含义达成共识,以及C选项“安德鲁斯诉英属哥伦比亚法律协会案是与第15条有关的宪法案件”,D选项“安德鲁斯诉英属哥伦比亚法律协会案并不是一致决定的”符合原文;定位到原文第三段First,IcanvasstwowaysthatdissentmanifestsinCharterjurisprudence:one(functional)relatingtothejudiciary’sappropriateroleinconstitutionaldisputes;andtheother(principled)relatingtotheidentification,scopeorapplicationofrulesandnorms.(首先,我考察了不同意见在宪章判例中的两种表现方式:一种(功能性)与司法机关在宪法争端中的适当作用有关;另一个(原则性的)与规则和规范的确定、范围或适用有关)可知A选项“作者从两个方面讨论了不同意见的作用”符合原文。因此B选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据题干定位到最后一段最后一句IconcludethatthedecisioninQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.Aisdeepratherthanshallowandso,despiteitsfrustratingdivisions,itisonthewholebetterthanmanyoftheunanimousequalitydecisionsthatprecededit.(我的结论是,魁北克(总检察长)诉A案的裁决是深刻的,而不是肤浅的,因此,尽管存在令人沮丧的分歧,但总体上比之前许多一致通过的平等裁决要好)可知选B选项“它是深刻的”,因为裁决更深刻,所以尽管有分歧,但总体上还是比之前许多一致通过的平等裁决要好,C选项“总体上比较好”错误,逻辑关系和原文相反,D选项“令人沮丧的分裂”逻辑关系错误;A选项“它有助于更丰富的平等的解释”在原文中提及,但并不是作者认为分割的平等决定更可取的原因,只是说dissenthascontributedtoricheraccountsofequality(不同意见有助于更丰富地解释平等)。因此B选项正确。

4.推理判断题。文章第一段提出宪法没有异议是不可能的,以及提到异议可能带来的问题,引出第二段,提出异议的积极面;第三段Inthispaper,Ipresentanotherpossible“upside”todissentthatfocusesontheissueinQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.A:equality.(在这篇论文中,我提出了另一个可能的“积极面”,以关注魁北克(总检察长)诉案的问题:平等)可知,这一篇文章主要在讨论异议的积极面,以及基于全文在探讨法律的基调,则选C选项“平等法学中异议的正面”;A选项“平等法中的异议”,D选项“平等法理学”太过片面;B选项“异议的好处”范围太广,概括不如C选项精确。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

13.

问题1选项

A.Whoopingcough,smallpoxandmeasles.

B.Whoopingcough,chickenpoxandmeasles.

C.Whoopingcough,smallpoxandGermanmeasles.

D.Whoopingcough,chickenpoxandGermanmeasles.

【答案】B

【解析】M:I’dliketoaskyouaboutyourpastmedicalhistory.Canyoutellmeifyouhadanychildhooddiseases?

W:WhenIwassmall,Ihadmeasles(麻疹),chickenpox(水痘)andwhoopingcough(百日咳).ButIdon’tthinkIeverhadGermanmeasles(风疹).

Q:Whatdiseasesdidthewomanhavewhenshewassmall?

【解析】细节题。女士小时候得过麻疹、水痘和百日咳。但没得过风疹。

6.单选题

WeallknowthatMaryhashadastrict(

).

问题1选项

A.growth

B.upbringing

C.development

D.cultivation

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。句意:我们都知道Mary家教严格。

growth:成长,生长;upbring成长;development:发展,容易排除;cultivation:侧重指“开垦,耕作”。astrictupbring意为“严格的教养”。

7.单选题

Iamsureyouwouldhaveseenherifyou(

)thatevening.

问题1选项

A.hadturnedout

B.hadturnedon

C.hadturnedin

D.hadturnedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turnout“结果是”;turnon“打开”;turnin“交上”;turnup“出现”。句意:我确信如果你那天晚上出现的话肯定能够看到她。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

()touchinginO'Henry'sstoriesisthegallantrywithwhichordinarypeoplestruggletomaintaintheirdignity.

问题1选项

A.Mostis

B.Itmostlyis

C.Isitmost

D.Whatismost

【答案】D

【解析】考查主语从句。what引导的名词性从句作主语,所以选项D正确。句意:在欧亨利的故事中,最感人的是普通人为维护自己的尊严而斗争的英勇行为。

9.单选题

TheDepartmentofResourcesnotifiedthetowncouncilthatthewatersupplywas______.

问题1选项

A.contemplated

B.contaminated

C.contemned

D.consulted

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项contemplate“沉思,注视”,B项contaminate“污染”,C项contemn“蔑视,侮辱”,D项consult“请教,商议”。根据关键词watersupply“水源”可知,最搭配的是B项。句意:资源部门告知市议会,水源受到污染。因此,该题选择B项正确。

10.单选题

Drivingacarwithoutinsurancecanhave()consequences.

问题1选项

A.uncertain

B.disastrous

C.potential

D.unworthy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项uncertain“无常的;靠不住的;迟疑不决的”;B选项disastrous“损失惨重的;悲伤的”;C选项potential“潜在的;可能的”;D选项unworthy“不值得的;无价值的”。句意:在没有保险的情况下驾车可能产生损失惨重的后果。根据句中“Drivingacarwithoutinsurance在没有保险的情况下驾车”可知“损失惨重的”符合语境,因此B选项正确。

11.案例题

Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:

It'slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"Whatdoyoudo?

Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.

Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.

Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Yourgutreaction(本能反应)anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.

Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?"agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?Byanticipating"Whatif...?"situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.

1.Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout()

2.Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby()

3.Onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexplainthe()toherandofferanalternativesolution.

4.Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto()

5.Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid

()

【答案】1.whatisinyourboss'mind

2.challengingourboss'sauthority

3.possibleconsequences

4.beproposedandreviewed

5.confrontations

【解析】1.根据第三段的第二句“Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.”。

2.根据第三段的第三句“Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.”。

3.根据第三段的最后两句“Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.”。

4.根据第五段的第二句“First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.”。

5.根据最后一段的最后一句“youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.”。

12.单选题

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner”.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare().

2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson().

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto().

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants().

问题1选项

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

问题2选项

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering.

问题3选项

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

问题4选项

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第一段首句“Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.”眼睛是不是“心灵的窗户”是有争议的;它们在人际交往中非常重要,这是一个事实。A选项“在表达感情和交换思想方面是极为重要的”,B选项“可以看到一个人内心世界的东西”,C选项“在使谈话变得有趣方面具有相当重要的意义”,D选项“它的价值在很大程度上是一个长期争论的问题”。因此,A选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文,“Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.”值得注意的是,一张有眼睛的真实的人脸可能不会让人发笑,而只看到一只眼睛的侧面也不会让人发笑。A选项“正面被完全感知”,B选项“脸上戴着面具”,C选项“从侧面看脸”,D选项“脸部没有任何遮盖物”。因此,C选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文“Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.”如果对方没看,说话者就会认为对方不感兴趣,就会停下来等对方继续看他,或者终止谈话。A选项“一个人暂时把目光从另一个人身上移开”,B选项“眼神交流超过一秒”,C选项“不合时宜地停止眼神接触”,D选项“不断调整眼神接触”。因此,C选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句,“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.”当两个说话的人都戴着墨镜时,就会清楚地看到这种眼动对保持谈话顺畅有多么重要:谈话中可能会出现由于打断、错误的开始和不可预知的停顿而造成的语塞,A选项“不要戴黑眼镜”,B选项“不要打岔”,C选项“不要把目光从对方身上移开”,D选项“不要出人意料地停顿”。因此,C选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminU.S.politics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,reorder,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,thinks,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

1.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

2.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatAmericanshaveahistoryof(

).

3.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare(

).

4.Emerson,accordingtothepassage,isprobably(

).

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

问题1选项

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

问题2选项

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

问题3选项

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

问题4选项

A.apioneerofeducationreform

B.anopponentofintellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.anadvocateofregularschooling

问题5选项

A.Itevolvesfromcommonsense.

B.Itissecondtointelligence.

C.Itistobepursued.

D.Itunderliespower.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第三句“Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.”学校是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方,而不是为了知识而追求知识的地方。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第四段最后两句,Hofstadter说,从我们的历史开始,我们对民主和平民主义的渴望就驱使我们拒绝任何带有精英主义的东西。实用性、常识和天生的智慧被认为比你从书本上学到的任何东西都要高尚。由此可以推断,美国有不重视知识的历史。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第二段可知,Ravitch认为学校处于一个实用性比知识更重要的社会,起到一个平衡的作用。根据第五段的内容可知,Emerson认为学校和严格的书本学习人为地限制了孩子。由此可知,两人的观点是截然相反的。选项D正确。

4.根据第五段的内容可知,爱默生认为学校教育限制了孩子的发展,下文提到马克•吐温的《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》就是美国反智主义的一个例证。书中主人公为了避免被教化——上学和学习阅读——这样他就能保持他与生俱来的善良。由此可知,他们持相同的观点,都是反智主义,选项B正确。

5.结合文章内容可知,作者大部分内容都是在探讨美国对知识的不重视,而作者对此是持批判的态度,作者鼓励人们追求知识。选项C符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

14.单选题

Thetrialwasconductedinatheatricalmanner,fullof(

).

问题1选项

A.properprocedures

B.sworntestimony

C.

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