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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Theabilitytorecognizefacesissoimportantinhumansthatthebrainappearstohaveanareasolelydevotedtothetask:thefusiformgyrus.
Brainimagingstudiesconsistently(1)thatthisregionofthetemporallobebecomesactivewhen
(2)
lookatfaces.Skepticshavecountered,however,thatthesestudiesshowonlya
(3)
,butnotproof,thatactivityinthisareaisessentialforface
(4)
.Now,thankstothewillingnessofanintrepid
(5)
,anewstudyprovidesthefirstcause-and-effect
(6)
thatneuronsinthisareahelphumansrecognizefaces-andonly
(7)
,nototherbodypartsorobjects.
Anunusual
(8)
betweenresearchersandanepilepsypatientledtothe
(9).RonBlackwell,anengineerinSantaClara,California,
(10)StanfordUniversityinPaloAlto,California,in2011seekingbettertreatment
(11)
hisepilepsy.Hehadsufferedseizuressincehewasateenager,andatage47,his
(12)
wasbecominglesseffective.StanfordneurologistJosefParvizi
(13)
someteststolocatethesourceoftheseizures-andalsosuggestedthatitmightbe
(14)
toeliminatetheseizuresbysurgicallydestroyingatiny
(15)
ofbraintissuewheretheyoccurred.
Parviziusedelectrodes
(16)
onBlackwell’sscalptotracetheseizurestothetemporallobe,aboutaninch
(17)
Blackwell’srightear.Then,surgeonsplacedmoreelectrodesonthe
(18)
ofBlackwell’sbrain,nearthesuspectpointoforigininthetemporal
(19).Parvizistimulatedeachelectrodeinturnwithamildcurrent,trying
(20)Blackwell’sseizuresymptomsundersafeconditions.“Ifwegetthosesymptoms,weknowthatweareticklingtheseizurenode,”heexplains.
问题1选项
A.investigate
B.reveal
C.find
D.found
问题2选项
A.researchers
B.people
C.human
D.objects
问题3选项
A.corrosion
B.counterfeit
C.correction
D.objects
问题4选项
A.recognition
B.realization
C.imagination
D.description
问题5选项
A.counterpart
B.fellow
C.sufferer
D.partner
问题6选项
A.evidence
B.source
C.wit
D.facture
问题7选项
A.facets
B.faces
C.facial
D.facile
问题8选项
A.collaboration
B.deliberation
C.matching
D.gathering
问题9选项
A.imagination
B.conclusion
C.combination
D.discovery
问题10选项
A.droveto
B.heldup
C.cameto
D.madewayfor
问题11选项
A.for
B.forth
C.about
D.with
问题12选项
A.treatment
B.medication
C.perception
D.operation
问题13选项
A.pointed
B.managed
C.supplied
D.suggested
问题14选项
A.clear
B.worthy
C.possible
D.certain
问题15选项
A.area
B.segment
C.fragment
D.par
问题16选项
A.installed
B.settled
C.placed
D.distilled
问题17选项
A.around
B.above
C.beneath
D.across
问题18选项
A.surface
B.surficial
C.surfer
D.surfeit
问题19选项
A.scalp
B.section
C.lobe
D.leaf
问题20选项
A.toirrigate
B.totrigger
C.tobarrel
D.toflick
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:C
第6题:A
第7题:B
第8题:A
第9题:D
第10题:C
第11题:A
第12题:B
第13题:D
第14题:C
第15题:A
第16题:C
第17题:B
第18题:A
第19题:C
第20题:B
【解析】(1)考查动词词义辨析。investigate调查,研究;reveal揭露,透露;find发现。这里指“通过脑成像研究的发现”,所以C项符合题意。答案C。
(2)考查名词词义辨析。此处意为:当人们看着人脸时,颞叶的这一区域会变得活跃。people这里泛指所有人,故答案为B。
(3)考查名词词义辨析。corrosion腐蚀;counterfeit伪造品;correction改正;objects物体。由后文的“butnotproof没有证据”可知C项正确。答案C。
(4)考查名词词义辨析。recognition识别,承认;realization实现,领悟;imagination想象力;description描述。文章开头就指出“面孔识别能力非常重要”,故A项正确。答案A。
(5)考查名词词义辨析。intrepid勇敢的,无畏的,由于癫痫是一种病,综合上下文,可以知道这里是选择患者。Counterpart配对物;fellow同事;sufferer患者,受害者;partner伙伴,合伙人。答案C。
(6)考查名词词义辨析。evidence证据;source来源;wit智慧;facture制作,发票。通过上下文语境可知,前面还没有有力的证据可以说明两者之间的关系,后面已经找到这种因果证据,所以,可知答案选择A。
(7)考查形近词辨析。facets面状;face脸,表面;facial面部的;facile温和的。神经元只能区别脸部,后面nototherbody
partsorobjects.可知答案为B。
(8)考查名词词义辨析。collaboration合作,勾结;deliberation审议,考虑;matching相配的;gathering聚集。由betweenand可知这里考查的是两者之间的合作,答案A。
(9)考查名词词义辨析。imagination想象;conclusion结论;combination结合;discovery发现。通过上下文的语境可知答案为D。
(10)考查动词词组辨析。droveto驱车前往;heldup举起;cameto前来;madewayfor给······让路此处句意为:布莱克威尔只身来到斯坦福大学参加治疗。只有C项符合语义。答案C。
(11)考查介词词义辨析。for“为,为了;给”,符合题意,答案A。
(12)考查名词词义辨析。treatment“治疗,疗法;medication“药物;药物治疗”,分析上下文可知这里是指药物治疗,所以后面布莱克威尔才来到斯坦福做外科手术。答案B。
(13)考查动词词义辨析。Point指向;supply供应;manage管理;suggest表明。由alsosuggested可以推出此处答案为suggest,答案D。
(14)考查形容词词义辨析。Clear清晰的;worthy值得的;possible可能的;certain肯定的。帕维茨认为是非常可能的,这里只是他的推测,并不是很确定。故答案C。
(15)考查名词词义辨析。area区域,范围;segment段,部分;fragment碎片,片断;par标准,票面价值。由上下文可知答案为A。
(16)考查动词词义辨析。Install安装;settle解决,安排;place放置,任命;distill提取,蒸馏。由“placedmoreelectrodeson加更多电极在···上···”可知C项符合题意。答案C。
(17)考查介词词义辨析。医生将电极放置在布莱克威尔的右耳上一英寸的地方,B项符合句意。答案B。
(18)考查形近词词义辨析。surface表面,表层;surficial地表的;地面的;surfer冲浪运动员,surfeit过度;饮食过度;这里是指将电极放置在大脑的表皮层。答案A。
(19)考查名词词义辨析。Scalp头皮,战利品;section地区;lobe(脑、肺等的)叶,耳垂;leaf叶子。temporallobe表示颞叶,故答案为C。
(20)考查动词词义辨析。trigger引发,触发;irrigate灌溉,冲洗;barrel把······装入桶内;flick轻弹,轻轻拂去。由句意“在安全的条件下尝试了40次去触发布莱克威尔的癫痫症状。”可知答案为B。
2.单选题
Thesuccessorfailureofacaseoftenhingesonanorganizingprincipleknownasacasetheme.Forexample,thecasethemeinthetrialofErickandLyleMenendez,twobrothersaccusedofmurderingtheirparents,was“theabuseexcuse”;Thebrothersshouldbeexcusebecausetheyhadbeenseverelyabused.AprimarycasethemeoftheO.J.Simpsondefensewas“thepolicemessedupandplantedevidence.”
Themesaresimple,brief(onesentence!)statementsthatcapturetheessenceofyourargument.Youcontrolthelensthroughwhichthefactswillbeviewed.Foratriallawyer,thisisabsolutelycritical.Ifthelawyerfailstoestablishacasetheme,heorshegivesopposingcounseltheadvantage.Orevenworse,thelisteners,orthoseyouaretryingtopersuade,willadoptthethemesuggestedtothembyyouradversary.Whoevercontrolsthedefinitionofthecaseisinevitablytheonewiththepower.
Justasathemegivesthelistenersageneralizingprinciplearoundwhichinformationcanbeorganized,sotoodoesitgiveyouone.Thegreattriallawyersemphasizetheneedforanoverallstrategyaswellasday-to-daytactics.Acasethemeembodiesalawyer'soverallstrategyinanutshellandhelpsherorganizethecasesothatshealwaysstaysontargetuseathemetohelpyoustaywellandeasilyfocusedontheoverallthrustofyourpresentation.
Agoodcasethemealsogreatlyenhancesyourcredibility.(41)Whenyouestablishasuccinct,easy-to-remember,youletpeopleknow-well-definedandthoughtourpointofview.Suchspecificityaddstoyourperceivedcompetenceandtrustworthiness.Remember:successfultriallawyersareneverwishy-washy.
1.Thecaseinvolvingtwobrotherkillersdemonstratesthat().
2.Themessageofthispassageisthat().
3.Agoodcasethemecanprevent().
4.Anadditionalmeritofagoodcasethemeisthatyoumay().
5.Thelastword“wishy-washy”isclosestinmeaningto().
问题1选项
A.evenmurdersmaybeexcusedsometimes
B.awell-definedargumentcanwinadifficultcase
C.childabusersshouldbedulypunished
D.upholdingjusticeisthemostimportantincourt
问题2选项
A.goodlawyersareofcriticalimportanceinalawsuit
B.legalproceduressometimesmayrunoutofcontrol
C.murdercasescanbemanipulatedaspeoplewish
D.awell-definedfocusingpointisakeytowinacase
问题3选项
A.thetriallawyerfromlosinghisorhertargetindefense
B.theopposingsidefromformingtheircasetheme
C.audiencefrombeingeasilypersuaded
D.thosewhohavepowerfromcontrollingthetrial
问题4选项
A.getmoreinformation
B.controltheopposingside
C.proveyourcompetence
D.trustthejuryandthejudge
问题5选项
A.indecisive
B.imaginative
C.inadequate
D.illogical
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:B
第5题:A
【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Thesuccessorfailureofacaseoftenhingesonanorganizingprincipleknownasacasetheme.Forexample,thecasethemeinthetrialofErickandLyleMenendez,twobrothersaccusedofmurderingtheirparents,was“theabuseexcuse”;Thebrothersshouldbeexcusebecausetheyhadbeenseverelyabused.案例的成功或失败往往取决于一个被称为案例主题的组织原则。例如,Erick和LyleMenendez两兄弟被控谋杀他们的父母,他们的审判主题是“为虐待申辩”;兄弟俩应该得到原谅,因为他们受到了严重的虐待。”该案例中两兄弟杀害父母却得到了原谅,原因是他们被父母严重虐待,由此可知公平在法庭中起非常重要的作用。故D项正确。ABC三项均不能说明该案件体现的道理。
2.主旨大意题。第一段开头就提到了Thesuccessorfailureofacaseoftenhingesonanorganizingprincipleknownasacasetheme.案例的成功或失败往往取决于一个被称为案例主题的组织原则。接下来的段落都是围绕casetheme展开论述。全文主要讲述了一个好的案例主题(焦点)是赢得官司的关键。故D项正确。
3.判断推理题。由第三段Thegreattriallawyersemphasizetheneedforanoverallstrategyaswellasday-to-daytactics.Acasethemeembodiesalawyer'soverallstrategyinanutshellandhelpsherorganizethecasesothatshealwaysstaysontargetuseathemetohelpyoustaywellandeasilyfocusedontheoverallthrustofyourpresentation.伟大的辩护律师强调整体战略和日常战术的必要性。案例主题概括地体现了律师的总体策略,并帮助她组织案例,使她始终紧扣主题,帮助你保持良好的状态,轻松地聚焦于陈述的总体主旨。可知好的案例主题能使辩护律师在辩护时始终聚焦于主题,不会走偏。故A项正确。
4.判断推理题。由第二段Ifthelawyerfailstoestablishacasetheme,heorshegivesopposingcounseltheadvantage.Orevenworse,thelisteners,orthoseyouaretryingtopersuade,willadoptthethemesuggestedtothembyyouradversary.如果律师未能确立案件主题,他或她就会给予对方律师优势。更糟糕的是,听众或你试图说服的人会采用你的对手建议的主题。由此可知一个好的案件主题能控制反方。
5.词义题。Whenyouestablishasuccinct,easy-to-remember,youletpeopleknow-well-definedandthought-ourpointofview.Suchspecificityaddstoyourperceivedcompetenceandtrustworthiness.Remember:successfultriallawyersareneverwishy-washy.当你建立一个简洁的,易于记忆的案件主题时,你让人们明确地知道我们的观点。这种专一性会增加你的能力和可信度。记住:成功的辩护律师从不优柔寡断。indecisive犹豫不决的;imaginative富于想象力的,具有创造力的;inadequate不充足的;illogical不合逻辑的,不合理的。既然是成功的辩护律师的特点,那应该用褒义词,故先排除CD两项。B项“富有想象力的”不是律师的特点,相反律师是依据事实说话。故A项正确。
3.单选题
Ininternationalbankingtoday,abankmusthaveadeep(
)intointernationalfinancialmarkets.
问题1选项
A.idea
B.understanding
C.knowledge
D.insight
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:在当今的国际银行业,一个银行必须对国际金融市场有深入的洞察。idea“观点;主意”;understanding“理解”;knowledge“知识”;insight“洞察力”。根据句意,选项D符合题意。
4.单选题
Mr.Liisthepresent(
)ofthepresidentialchairofthecompany.
问题1选项
A.transaction
B.prescription
C.professor
D.incumbent
【答案】D
【解析】名词辨析。句意:李先生现任公司总裁。
transaction交易;事务;办理。prescription药方;指示;惯例。professor教授;教师。incumbent在职者;现任者。
5.单选题
Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally___oftherealitythattheyrepresent.
问题1选项
A.reflections
B.demonstrations
C.illuminations
D.reproductions
【答案】A
【解析】【选项释义】
A.reflections反映;反响B.demonstrations示范;展示
C.illuminations启发;阐释D.reproductions复制;复制品
【考查点】近义词辨析。
【解题思路】句中mirror在这里表示反映的意思,that引导一个定语从句修饰novel,在这里表示尝试反映世界的小说。空格后接of,of短语做后置定语。主句为novelsare+空格处名词。空格处应该填一个与mirror相似的单词,表示反映的意思。A选项reflection符合句意。
【干扰项排除】
B选项demonstration表示清楚细致地展示;
C选项illumination指某物能够被理解;
D选项reproduction表示复制出与原物相似的物品。
【句意】许多试图反映世界的小说实际上反映了它们所代表的现实。
6.单选题
Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Heisexpectedtobehaveinaccordancewiththesenormsinotherwords,thegroupexpectshimtoconform.Manyillustrationscouldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.
Inatypicalexperiment,theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupthatisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaboratingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Thevolunteerseesthattheothermembersofthegroupunanimouslychoosealinewhichisobviouslynotthesamelengthastheoneonthestandardcard.
Whenitishisturntoanswerheisfacedwiththeunanimousopinionofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldedtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion.
1.Psychologistsareinterestedin(
).
2.Intheexperiment,whohavebeentoldtopickthewrongline?
3.Inwhatcircumstancesdomostpeopleyieldtopressure?
4.Theexperimentsdemonstratethat(
).
5.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe(
).
问题1选项
A.howfargrouppressurecaninfluencepeople’sjudgments
B.howtomakejudgmentsaccordingtoeverydayexperience
C.howtochangepeople’sjudgments
D.thegroup’sstandardsofsocialbehavior
问题2选项
A.Thevictims.
B.Thevolunteer.
C.Theexperimenter.
D.Theothermembers.
问题3选项
A.Whenthegroupisseparated.
B.Whenthegroupisunanimous.
C.Whentheyknowtheyarethevictims.
D.Whentheyareforcedtoanswerquestions.
问题4选项
A.nearlyeveryindividualwillbehavedifferentlyfromothers
B.grouppressureiscausedbytheinterferenceofthepsychologists.
C.psychologistswishtochangethepeople’sjudgmentsandopinions.
D.peoplewillchangetheirideasundergrouppressure.
问题5选项
A.ATypicalExperiment
B.AreWeAfraidtobeDifferent
C.TheGroup’sStandardsofBehaviorandThinking
D.DoseanIndividualNeedtoFollowaGroup’sStandards
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“whatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”心理学家特别感兴趣的是,团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。选项A符合原文。
2.事实细节题。根据关键词“wrongline”定位到第二段倒数第二句“Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.”小组的其他成员先回答,但志愿者不知道的是,他们被告知要选错一条线。这里的“they”指的是上句提到的“Theothermembersofthegroup”,所以选项D正确。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,这个实验中超过一半的被选中的受害者会改变他们的观点。大多数人解释说,他们知道小组的选择是错误的,但他们最终屈服于小组的压力,因为小组的选择是全体一致的。所以选项B正确。
4.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知,这个实验实际上是想证明第一段提出的观点“theextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。最后得出结论,大多数会在团体压力下改变他们的想法。所以选项D符合原文。
5.主旨大意题。文章在第一段提出观点“当一个人加入一个群体时,他往往会接受这个群体的行为和思维标准”,后面通过实验来证明这个观点。选项A和C表述太笼统,相对于选项D,选项B“我们害怕与众不同吗?”这个标题更好。
7.单选题
Besidescoldtemperatures,shortgrowingseasonsandheavysnowsalsoprevent(
)athighelevations.
问题1选项
A.andgrowthoftrees
B.thegrowthoftrees
C.treesaregrowing
D.growtrees
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓结构。句意:除了寒冷的气温,在高海拔地区,较短的生长季节和严重的降雪也会阻止树的生长。prevent为谓语,其后接宾语,应用名词形式。只有B项符合题意。
8.单选题
Whydosomedesertplantsgrowtallandthinlikeorganpipes?Whydomosttreesinthetropicskeeptheirleavesyearround?WhyintheArctictundraaretherenotreesatall?Aftermanyyearswithoutconvincinggeneralanswers,wenowknowmuchaboutwhatsetsthefashioninplantdesign.
Usingterminologymorecharacteristicofathermalengineerthanofabotanist,wecanthinkofplantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets.AplantbydayisstakedoutundertheSunwithnowayofshelteringitself.Alldaylongitabsorbsheat.Ifitdidnotloseasmuchheatasitgained,theneventuallyitwoulddie.
Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphereandthecold,blackreachesofspacetemperatureistolerablefortheprocessesoflife.PlantsintheArctictundralieclosetothegroundinthethinlayerofstillairthatclingsthere.AfootortwoabovethegroundarethewindsofArcticcold.TundraplantsabsorbheatfromtheSunandtendtowarmup;theyprobablybalancemostoftheirheatbudgetsbyradiatingheattospace,butalsobywarmingthestillairthatistrappedamongthem.AslongasArcticplantsareclosetotheground,theycanbalancetheirheatbudgets.Butiftheyshouldstretchupasatreedoes,theywouldlifttheirworkingparts,theirleaves,intothestreamingArcticwinds.ThenitislikelythattheplantscouldnotabsorbenoughheatfromtheSuntoavoidbeingcooledbelowacriticaltemperature.YourheatbudgetdoesnotbalanceifyoustandtallintheArctic.
Suchthinkingalsohelpsexplainothercharacteristicsofplantdesign.AdesertplantfacestheoppositeproblemfromthatofanArcticplant—thedangerofoverheating.Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating.Thefamiliarsticklikeshapeofdesertplantsrepresentsoneofthesolutionstothisproblem:theshapeexposesthesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiationandprovidesthelargestpossiblesurfacefromwhichtheplantcanradiateheat.Intropicalrainforests,bywayofcontrast,thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplantsbecausethereissufficientwater.
Thisworkingmodelallowsustoconnectthegeneralcharacteristicsoftheformsofplantsindifferenthabitatswithfactorssuchastemperature,availabilityofwater,andpresenceorabsenceofseasonaldifferences.OurEarthiscoveredwithapatchworkquiltofmeteorologicalconditions,andthepatternsofthispatchworkarefaithfullyreflectedbytheplants.
1.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofplantsdoesthepassageprimarilyfocuson?
2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostresponsibleforpreventingtreesfromgrowingtallintheArctic?
3.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe"sticklikeshapeofdesertplants"inLine3(Paragraph4)canbeattributedtothe()
4.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageascontributionstotheplants,balancingtheirheatEXCEPT.
5.WhichistheTRUEstatementaboutthedifferentplants?
问题1选项
A.Theirabilitytogrowequallywellinallenvironments.
B.TheireffectsontheEarth'satmosphere.
C.Theirabilitytostorewaterfordryperiods.
D.Theirabilitytobalanceheatintakeandoutput.
问题2选项
A.Thehard,frozenground.
B.Thesmallamountofavailablesunshine.
C.Thecold,destructivewinds.
D.Thelargeamountofsnowthatfallseachyear.
问题3选项
A.inabilityoftheplantstoradiateheattotheairaroundthem
B.presenceofirregularseasonaldifferencesinthedesert
C.largesurfaceareathattheplantsmustexposetotheSun
D.extremeheatandaridityofthehabitat
问题4选项
A.radiatingheattotheatmosphere
B.warmingtheairaroundthem
C.absorbingheatfromthesun
D.evaporatingwater
问题5选项
A.Arcticplantsexposethesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiation.
B.Tropicalplantsareusuallynotaffectedbythestrongsunshine.
C.Desertplantsgrowdenselyclosetotheground.
D.Plantsindifferentregionsshownorelationstotheseasons.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:B
【解析】第1题:主旨思想题。根据第二段的第一句"plantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets."植物作为生物体要保持热量的平衡,之后的段落主要说明植物是如何保持热量平衡的。所以本文主要围绕植物吸收与散发热量的平衡来展开说明。选项D正确。
第2题:根据第三段的内容可知,只要北极植物靠近地面,就能平衡热量收支,如果北极植物过高,则会受到北极风的影响,从而无法从太阳吸收足够的热量。所以,北极植物长得矮主要是受北极的风影响,选项C正确。
第3题:信息推断题。根据文章第四段第三句"Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating"它缺少水,所以不脱水就不能通过蒸发来冷却自己。选项D符合原文。
第4题:细节判断题。根据第三段的第一句"Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphere"。只有选项C没有提及。
第5题:信息判断题。根据第四段的内容可知选项A指的是沙漠植物而不是北极植物;根据倒数第二段的最后一句"Intropicalrainforests,...thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplants..."可知选项B正确;选项C描述的是北极植物;根据最后一段的第一句可知,不同地区的植物与季节相关,所以选项D也错误。
9.单选题
Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnow()forit.
问题1选项
A.nonetheworse
B.nonethebetter
C.neverworse
D.neverbetter
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。nonetheworsefor“未受……损害”,后面一般接具体事件或事物。nonethebetterforit“不因此而好些;丝毫不受影响”是一个习惯用法。句意:这个可怜的女孩在医院里住了半年多,但她现在丝毫不受影响。因此B选项符合题意。
10.单选题
Withprice()somuch,it’shardforthecompanytoplanabudget.
问题1选项
A.vibrating
B.waving
C.swinging
D.fluctuating
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项vibrate“震动,颤动”;B选项wave“挥舞,飘扬”;C选项swing“摇摆”;D选项fluctuate“波动,起伏”。根据句意:由于价格波动很大,公司很难制定出预算。表示价格的起伏波动应该用fluctuate,所以选项D正确。
11.单选题
Noonecanfunctioniftheyare()ofadequatesleep.
问题1选项
A.deprived
B.ripped
C.stripped
D.contrived
【答案】A
【解析】动词辨析题。A选项deprive“使丧失,剥夺”,常和介词of搭配;B选项rip“撕裂”;C选项strip“剥去”;D选项contrive“谋划,设法做到”。句意:如果剥夺了充足的睡眠,没有人能正常工作。deprive和strip都有剥夺的意思,但是strip较普遍,多指剥削金钱,土地等物质上的东西。而deprive除了前面的意思,还可以特指权利,势力等东西。所以选项A更符合语境。
12.单选题
Thepaintontheclown’sface()thatitscaredthechildrenhewastryingtoentertain.
问题1选项
A.wassoexaggeration
B.wereanexaggeration
C.wassuchanexaggeration
D.wasexaggerating
【答案】C
【解析】根据后面的that可知,这里考查so(such)…that...的句型。so后面接形容词或副词,such后接名词。exaggeration为名词,所以选项C正确。
13.单选题
Nowthose“effortless”goodlooksseemalittlemorerisky.Allegedly,thesiliconeimplantscanleakandinterferewiththebody’simmunesystem.Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationannouncedaninquirylastyear,butinitiallysaiditwouldnotaskfortheoperationstostopit,reportedlybecauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplantwasawarded$7.34mfromthebiggestmakerofimplants,DowComing.
TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974,some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons:theresthad“re-constructive”medicalsurgeryfollowingcancertreatment.ThewaitinglistforimplantsbyoneCaliforniandoctorusedtobesixmonths;itisnowlessthanonemonth,Sharesinimplantmakershaveslumped.
Suchsecondthoughtsareoverdue.Forallitsglitteringadvocates,cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.(This,ofcourse,omitsre-constructiveoperationstorepairbumsorreplacemissingbreasts.)Eightoutoftencosmeticoperationsareperformedoutsideproperhospital—someinoperationroomsthatlookmorelikeoffices.Warningsofside-effectrarelyappearinadvertisements;nordotherecordsoftheeagersurgeons.Sinceitis“elective”surgery,notcoveredbyinsurance,fewofthenormalrulesapply.
Insidetheindustry,rumorsofmalpracticearerife.Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeerswho“hewouldn’tlettouchmydog’sbody.”
1.Accordingtotheparagraph,cosmeticsurgeonsthinkthat().
2.ItisreportedthattheFoodandDrugAdministrationinquiredintotheeffectsofsiliconeimplant,because().
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?
4.Thedifferencebetweenthecosmeticsurgeryandothersurgeryisthat().
5.Thelastsentenceofthepassage,“peers”refersto().
问题1选项
A.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintswerestartedparticularlybefore1985
B.thesiliconeimplantaredangerous
C.thesiliconeimplantarelinkedwithbody’simmunesystem
D.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintsareduetothoseprofit-happylawyers
问题2选项
A.therewasacaseinDecemberaboutawomanwhosufferedfromtheimplant
B.therehadbeenalotofcasesincourtaboutsiliconeimplant
C.DowCominghasproducedsomepoor-qualitysiliconeimplant
D.itdidnotwanttoaskfortheoperationstostopit
问题3选项
A.Americanwomenhadoncebeeninpanicbecauseoftheremovalofacontraceptivedevicefromthemarket.
B.DaikonSheildisabrandname.
C.About1.6millionwomenhavehadimplantsbecausetheywantedtobemorebeautiful
D.ACaliforniandoctorbegantoearnlessmoney.
问题4选项
A.theformeristooperateonthehealthybody,whilethelatteristooperateonthesickbody
B.theformeristodoharmtoaperson,whilethelatteristocureaperson
C.theformeriswithglitteringadvocates,whilethelatteristorepairbums
D.theformeristobeperformedoutsideproperhospitals,whilethelatteristobeperformedinsideproperhospitals
问题5选项
A.industryowners
B.plasticsurgeons
C.humorists
D.officers
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段,“Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.”,可知已经有超过2000起投诉,特别是关于1985年以前植入物的投诉——尽管整形外科医生将制造问题归咎于律师们。可判断出整容外科医生认为硅胶植入物的投诉是由于那些喜欢赚钱的律师。选项D符合题意。
2.细节判断题。根据文章第一段,“…becauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplant….”,可知美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物进行调查的原因是法庭上出现了很多这样的案例,下文提出一个妇女获赔的案例只是其中一个。可判断出美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物的效果进行了调查的原因在于法庭上有很多关于硅胶植入的案例。选项B符合题意。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段,“TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974”,可知自从1974年一种名为DaikonSheild的避孕设备被撤市以来,这一消息在美国女性中引起的恐慌超过了任何医疗因素。可判断出美国女性曾经因为避孕设备从市场上撤下而恐慌,这一表达复符合文意,选项A可排除。也可判断出DaikonSheild是一个品牌名称,选项B可排除。根据文章第二段,“…some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons…”,可知大约有200万女性做手术,因为她们想变得更美丽,选项C可排除。根据排除法,选项D符合题意。
4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段,“cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.”,可知整容手术是唯一一种把完全健康的病人割伤的医术,这也是整容术和其他手术的区别。选项A符合题意。
5.词义理解题。根据文章最后一句,“Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeers…”,可知一位资深整形外科医生说,他有一份同伴名单……,可知资深整形外科医生的同伴指整形外科医生,peer意思为同伴,同等的人。选项B符合题意。
14.单选题
Someteenagerharborageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which()themtherightandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallytheyaremature.
问题1选项
A.deprives
B.restricts
C.denies
D.rejects
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deprive“剥夺”;restrict“限制;约束”;deny“否定,拒绝给与”;reject“限制,约束”。一些青少年为什么会“憎恨社会”,就是因为社会“拒绝给与他们承认的权利和特权”,因此选项C符合题意。
15.单选题
This()girlisMary'scousin.
问题1选项
A.prettylittleSwedish
B.Swedishlittlepretty
C.Swedishprettylittle
D.littleprettySwedish
【答案】A
【解析】考查多个形容词修饰名词时的词序。通常顺序是: 限定词—表示说话人评价的形容词—表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词—表示颜色的形容词—表示国别、来源、材料的形容词—表示用途或目的的形容词或分词,名词等类别词—名词中心词。根据规则,选项A正确。
16.单选题
Accordingtoanthropologists,peopleinpre-industrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Moderncomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution(1760-1840)when10-to-12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.Even,withextensivetimedevotedtowork,however,bothincom
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