考研考博-英语-中国人民警察大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国人民警察大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theyarewell______witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedinthesameuniversity.

问题1选项

A.acquainted

B.recognized

C.acknowledged

D.identified

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.acquainted熟悉；了解B.recognized辨别出；意识到

C.acknowledged承认（属实）D.identified确认；认出

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据since原因状语从句的内容“因为他们曾在同一所大学学习”可推知，Theyarewell______witheachother表示的是“他们互相了解、熟悉对方”，所以空格处表示“熟悉”，而beacquaintedwith也是常见搭配，表示“与……相识；了解”，所以该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

B、C项不符合句意；

D项指辨别、确定人的身份或物品的归属等，不符合句意。

【句意】因为他们曾在同一所大学学习，所以彼此很熟悉。

2.单选题

Justasthereareteacherswhosimplygothroughthemotionsanddragusthroughthematerialinordertocompletearequiredcourse,therearecompaniesandjobsandbossesthatdothesame.Thatdoesn'tmeanyouhavetolivewithit.Avoidthosefear-runworkplaces.Quitthosejobs.Askyourfriendsaboutwheretheywork,oraboutcompaniesthey'vereadaboutorheardaboutwherepassion,excitement,andhumanenergyarevaluedaboveallelse.Inthoseplaces,youwillfindthatfearisnotprimarymotivatorforgettingtoresults.

AlthoughI'vefoundthatmostorganizationsdonotfocusontheirculture,therearealsoasignificantnumberofcompanieswhoarequiteclearaboutwhattheyaretryingtoachieve.Thosecompanieshaveamissionandapurposeinwhattheydo.Thepeoplewhoworktherearefocusednotonthemselves,butonthosetheyserve.Theyareworkingonsomethingmuchbiggerthanthemselves.Ilearnedtolovemyjobbyconnectingittojoy:joyforourcustomers,joyfortheendusersofourproducts,joyformyteam,andpersonaljoyinwhatweweredoing.

Manybelievethiskindofmissionfocuscanonlyoccurinthenon-profitworld.Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth.Therearesuccessfulpurpose-drivenprivateandpubliccorporations,largeandsmall.Theyarestillrare,though,soitwon'tnecessarilybeeasytofindthem,butitisworthyourtimetopursuethissearch.SomeofyouwillbeinclinedtodowhatIultimatelydidandstartyourownfirm,withitsownmissionandpurpose.Entrepreneurshipformewastheenablerofanobleyetselfishpursuit:IwantedtocreateacompanythatIloved.Icreatedmyownfulfillingjob,butitwouldonlybefulfillingtomeifitwerealsorewardingforthosewhoworkedaroundme.

Tolearntoloveyourjob,it'simportanttofindajobwherelearningisarequirementtosuccess.Learningproducesjoy,regardlessoftheindustryyou'rein.Becomeastudentagain.Readbooks,studyorganizations,andstretchyourselftotrynewthings.Ifyouareinatechnicalorasupportrole,volunteerforsalessupportassignmentsandwatchhowyourcompanyinteractswithitscustomers.Signupfortradeshowboothdutyandlearnwhatothersintheworldareseekingfromfirmslikeyours.Learntopresentinfrontofothers.Signuptospeakatconferences,andthengolistentootherspeakers.Findtheideas,thepeopleandthecompaniesthatinspireyou.

1.Theauthor'spurposeinusingteachersasanexampleisto（）.

2.Theauthorfavorscompaniesthat（）.

3.By“Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth”(Line1,Para.3),theauthormeanshethinks（）.

4.Whatdowelearnabouttheauthor'sjoyforhisjob?

5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthormakeattheendofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.emphasizethevalueofcommitment

B.showconcernforbadworkperformance

C.pointouttheimportanceofjobtraining

D.argueagainstfear-runworkplaces

问题2选项

A.arebigandambitious

B.arecustomer-oriented

C.motivateemployeeswithrewards

D.focusontheirself-image

问题3选项

A.thenon-profitworldhashiddenrules

B.amissiontellstruthaboutacompany

C.thestatementisabsolutelyfalse

D.acompanytrulygoesafterprofits

问题4选项

A.Itdependslargelyonhisfreewillandselfishpursuit.

B.Itcomesfromthesatisfactionofpeopleinhiscompany.

C.Itenableshimtoinspirepeopleworkingaroundhim.

D.Itisbasedonhisownfirmbeliefinhisbusinessskills.

问题5选项

A.Seizeopportunitiestolearnonthejob.

B.Playavarietyofrolestobesuccessful.

C.Keepagoodrelationshipwithcustomers.

D.Seekotherfirmsthatneedyourskills.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者使用教师的例子是为了……？”。第一段陈述的例子是“有些老师只是走过场敷衍的讲完授课的内容，以便完成一项规定的课程”，然后第三句提到Avoidthosefear-funworkplace.（避开那些让人恐惧得想跑的公司），由此看出作者是想用例子来表达他对这种公司的反对态度。A选项“强调贡献的价值”，文中是强调快乐的工作，不是贡献就会快乐；B选项“对不好的工作表现的关注”，文中关注的是如何快乐工作；C选项“指出工作培训的重要性”文中没有提到。因此该题D正确。

2.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者支持……的公司？”。第二段第三句Thepeoplewhoworktherearefocusednotonthemselves,butonthosetheyserve（在那里工作的人不是专注于自己，而是专注于他们服务的人），由此可以推断作者是支持以客户为中心的公司。A项“规模大且有野心的”不全面，根据第三段第三句Therearesuccessfulpurpose-drivenprivateandpubliccorporations,largeandsmall.（有许多成功的以目标为驱动的私营和公立公司，有大的公司，也有小的公司），可知也有规模小的；C项“用奖励激励员工”和D项“关注自我形象”未提及，因此B选项正确。

3.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“通过第三段第一行‘Thiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth’，作者的意思是他认为……？”。第三段第一句Manybelievethiskindof…inthenon-profitworld.（很多人认为这种专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面）与Thiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.（这与事实相差甚远）衔接，第二句话是作者觉得很多人认为的这种专注使命的做法只发生在非营利性组织里面的想法是错误的。A选项“非盈利组织有隐藏规则”没有提到；B选项“使命揭示了公司的真相”，这不是作者表达的意思；D选项“一个公司真正追求的是利益”，这个是人们认为公司是以利益为目标的，不是作者的看法。因此该题C项正确。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“关于作者的工作乐趣我们了解到什么？”。第三段最后两句Entrepreneurshipformewastheenablerofanobleyetselfishpursuit…Icreatemyownfulfillingjob,butitwouldonlybefulfillingtomeifitwerealsorewardingforthosewhoworkedaroundme.（创业精神促使我走上了一条崇高但自私的追求之路……我创造了令我有成就感的工作，但是如果这项工作对我周围工作的人没有回报的话，那么对我来说也没有成就感可言了）；从这两句看，作者的快乐是来自于他身边的人得到了回报，最终是得到身边人对工作的满意度。A项“主要取决于他自由的意志和自私的追求”这是作者的创业精神，不是工作的乐趣；C项“工作使他去激励身边的人”，真正的快乐是对身边的人赋予回报，不仅仅是激励，文中也没有提到激励；D项“基于他对自己的商业技能有坚定的信念”也不是作者快乐工作的原因。因此只有B项符合题意。

5.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“在文章的最后，作者是提出了一个什么建议？”。最后一段提到Tolearntoloveyourjob,it’simportanttofindajobwherelearningisarequirementtosuccess.（要学会热爱你的工作，那么找到一份只有学习是通往成功必经之路的工作是很重要的），另外作者陈述了做不同的工作应该如何学习的建议。B项“扮演各种各样的角色会成功”不符合题意，作者只是阐述了不同的角色应该如何学习；C项“和客户保持良好的关系”在最后一段没有提到；D项“寻找需要你的技能的其他公司”，最后一段第五行andlearnwhatothersintheworldareseekingfromfirmslikeyours（了解世界上其他人想从你们这样的公司得到什么），没有提到寻找其他公司。因此此题A项正确。

3.单选题

Therighttokeepyourpersonallifeprivate,particularlyifyou’reapublic（

）,conflictswithafreepress.

问题1选项

A.personnel

B.image

C.figure

D.creature

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。personnel人事部门，全体人员；image影像；figure数字，人物；creature动物，生物。该句中指的是“如果你是一个公众人物”，故C项符合题意。句意：尤其如果你是公众人物，保护个人生活隐私的权利会与言论自由权相冲突。

4.单选题

Itwasnotuntilshereturnedhome（）sherealizedshehadalmostwastedtenofhervaluablehours..

问题1选项

A.and

B.when

C.then

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】本句为强调句,itis/wasnotuntil...that...强调的是直到她回到家的这个时候。句意：直到回到家,她才意识到她几乎浪费了她宝贵的十个小时。

5.单选题

Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whyyoudon’thelpthemto___thesituation?

问题1选项

A.simplify

B.modify

C.verify

D.rectify

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项simplify“简化；使单纯；使简易”；B选项modify“修改，修饰；更改（略微改变某事物，尤指为了使其更适合于某一特定目的）”；C选项verify“核实；查证”；D选项rectify“改正（纠正错误的事物）；精馏；整流”。句意：如果你知道问题出在哪里，为什么不帮他们___情况。本句表达“帮助他们核实情况”，因此C选项正确。

6.填空题

Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefact

thatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequite

A

B

C

discouragedtobeatthebottomofthetopGrade!

D

【答案】Ddiscouraged改为discouraging

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】discouraged的意思为“沮丧的，气馁的”，指的是人自己的感受，discouraging的意思为“使人沮丧的，令人气馁的”，指的是某个事物令人沮丧，这里指的是倒数第一这件事令人沮丧，因此D部分应为“discouraging”。

【句意】我们认为把学生按成绩分班有很多弊端。这没有考虑到儿童发展的速度不同这一事实。这对聪明的孩子和不那么聪明的孩子都有消极的影响。毕竟，在高手如云的班级中倒数第一这件事，相当令人沮丧！

7.单选题

Hedoesn’t（）muchinterestinhisstudieswiththeresultthathefailsinexamstimeandagain.

问题1选项

A.indicate

B.exert

C.manifest

D.express

【答案】D

【解析】expressaninterestin...为固定搭配，意为“对...表现出兴趣”。所以选项D正确。

8.不定项选择题

Acomplexoperationcalledspinalfusionhasemergedasthetreatmentofchoiceformanykindsofbackpain.Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy（椎板切除术）.Somepeoplewouldbebetteroffwithnosurgeryatall.Evendoctorswhofavorfusionssaythatmoreresearchisneededontheirbenefits.

Intheabsenceofbetterdata,criticspointtoadifferentreasonforthefusionoperation’sfastrises:money.Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.Hospitalsalsocollecttwotofourtimesasmuch.“Weallcaveintomarketandeconomicforces,”saidDr.EdwardC.Benzel.Thoughdoctors,asarule,shouldfavortheleastcomplicatedtreatment—withsurgerybeingthelastresort—Dr.Benzelestimatedthatfewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.

Doctorsandhospitalsarenottheonlyplayerswithafinancialstakeinfusionoperations.Criticsblamethecompaniesthatmakethehardwareforpromotingmorecomplexfusionswithoutevidencethattheyaresignificantlymoreeffective.Somesortofhardwareisusedinalmost90percentoflower-backfusionsandthenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.

Thehardwaremakersingeneralacknowledgegivingsurgeonsmillionsofdollarsforconsultingandresearches,butsaythemoneypromotestechnicaladvancesthatimprovebackcare.ButalawsuitbroughtbyScottA.Wiese,aformersalesrepresentativeofMedtronic―thebiggestmakerofspinalhardware,accusedthecompanyoftryingtopersuadesurgeonstouseitsproductswithoffersoffirst-classplaneticketstoHawaiiandnightsatthefinesthotels.Medtronicsaiditdidnothingwrong,anditdeniedtheaccusationsinthelawsuit.Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.Federalofficialsdeclinedtocommentontheinvestigation,andMedtronicsaiditwouldvigorouslydefenditself.

Still,betweentheallureofmoneyandthequestforbreakthroughsintreatment,someprominentspinalsurgeonssaythatbackcarehasgoneastray.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsonthetreatmentofbackpainistrue?

2.Itisimpliedthatdoctors（）.

3.Thehardwaremakers（）.

4.ThecompanyMedtronic（）.

5.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“backcarehasgoneastray”inthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Spinalfusionprovidesabettercurethanothertreatments.

B.Spinalfusionisnogoodtopatientssufferingfrombackpains.

C.Thereislimitedevidenceastowhichtreatmentisbetter.

D.Doctorshavegreatconfidenceinthebenefitsofspinalfusion.

问题2选项

A.tendtochoosethetreatmentthatisconsideredthebestforpatients

B.haveputfinancialinterestsaheadofpatientsinconsiderablecases

C.arelikelytofavormorecomplicatedtreatmenttoimproveskills

D.wishtochangethecurrentsystemunderwhichtheygetpaidfortheirwork

问题3选项

A.haveobtainedenormousprofitsfromtheoperation

B.haveinvestedheavilyintheresearchofnewproducts

C.havehelpeddoctorsandhospitalsgainmoreexperience

D.havesuccessfullyprovedtheeffectivenessoftheirproducts

问题4选项

A.hasadmittedpayingkickbackstosurgeons

B.hasdeniedanyfinancialdealswithsurgeons

C.hasbeensuedforbuyingitsbusinesscompetitor

D.hasbeeninvestigatedbythegovernment

问题5选项

A.Ithasbeenontherighttrack.

B.Ithasbeenawayfromtherighttrack.

C.Ithasofferedanewtreatment.

D.Ithasmovedbacktotradition.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy.但一些研究人员表示，几乎没有科学证据表明，对大多数患者来说脊柱融合术比更简单的椎板切除术更好。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“脊柱融合术比其他治疗方法有更好的治疗效果。”，与原文不符；B项“脊柱融合术对背痛患者没有好处。”，与原文不符；C项“只有有限的证据表明哪种治疗方法更好。”；D项“医生对脊柱融合术的好处很有信心。”，与原文不符，因此C选项正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.医疗保险可以为外科医生支付比椎板切除术多四倍的脊柱融合术费用。”以及“...fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.今天所做的脊柱融合术中可能只有不到一半是合适的。”，可知B项与原文相符。A项“倾向于选择被认为对病人最好的治疗方法”，与原文不符；B项“在相当多的案例中，他们把经济利益置于病人利益之上”；C项“可能会赞成更复杂的治疗来提高技能”，与原文不符；D项“希望改变他们目前的工作报酬制度”，与原文不符，因此B选项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第三段中“...thenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.……仅在硬件方面，全国每年的支出就飙升至25亿美元。”可知A项与原文相符。A项“已从这个手术中获取了巨大的利润”；B项“已在新产品研究上投入巨资”，与原文不符；C项“已帮助医生和医院获得了更多经验”，与原文不符；D项“已成功地证明了他们产品的有效性”，与原文不符，因此A选项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第四段中“Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.但该公司今年早些时候披露，联邦政府正在调查其向外科医生支付非法回扣的指控。”可知D项与原文相符。A项“已承认给外科医生回扣”，与原文不符；B项“已否认与外科医生有任何金钱交易”，与原文不符；C项“已因收购其商业竞争对手而被起诉”，与原文不符；D项“已经被政府调查过”，因此D选项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“...fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.……今天所做的脊柱融合术中可能只有不到一半是合适的。”以及astray有“误入歧途的，离开正道的”意思，可知B项与原文相符。A项“它已在正轨上”；B项“它偏离了正轨”；C项“它已提供一个新的治疗方式”；D项“它已回到传统”，因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Theagencyismore（

）withmakingartyadsthanunderstandingitsclients.

问题1选项

A.worried

B.cared

C.attentive

D.concerned

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析、动词词义辨析。worried“担心的”，一般与介词about搭配；cared是动词care的过去分词，becaredabout“被关心”；attentive“留意的，注意的”；concerned“有关的，关心的”。句意：相比了解自己的客户，该广告代理更关心艺术气息的广告。选项D符合题意。

10.填空题

Ihaveno（1）wholivesinthatgreythree-storyhouse（2）theroad.Iseelightsoninthewindowsmostevenings,butIhaveneversee（3）goinginorout.

【答案】1.idea;

2.across;

3.anyone

【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空是固定用法havenoidea不知道。

2.介词辨析。第二空应填入介词,后面说Iseelightsoninthewindows,由此可知观察者能看见那栋房子的方位,故填across。

3.语义题。第三空应填入宾语。前面是否定词never,因此填anyone。

11.单选题

Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust（）andneedsproving.

问题1选项

A.spontaneous

B.hypothetical

C.intuitive

D.empirical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项spontaneous“自发的，无意识的”；B选hypothetical“假设的”；C选项intuitive“直觉的”；D选项empirical“经验主义的”。根据句意：无论谁提出了宇宙起源的理论，那都只是假设，需要证明。选项B更符合语境。

12.单选题

Theuseofdeferential（敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly（谨言慎行）intheworld,”elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.

Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic（语言的）ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknownas“men’s.”This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage.Indeed,wedidn'thearabout“men’slanguage’，untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls'appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”ofwomen’slanguagewhichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality-andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.

YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto”—afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls’useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk”or“mothertalk”inroleplay.

ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchangeofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“niasculization”ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine”.KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelationstolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“liberated”or“hip”speech.

1.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail（

）.

2.Whatchangehasbeenobservedintoday’syoungJapanesewomen?

3.Howdosomepeoplereacttowomen’sappropriationofmen’slanguageformsasreportedintheJapanesemedia?

4.AccordingtoYoshikoMatsumoto,thelinguisticbehaviorobservedintoday'syoungwomen

（

）.

5.TheauthorbelievesthattheuseofassertivelanguagebyyoungJapanesewomenis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomen

B.theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan

C.thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamilies

D.thenormsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow

问题2选项

A.Theypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticbehavior.

B.Theusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticforms.

C.Theyconfusemaleandfemaleformsoflanguage.

D.Theyemployverystronglinguisticexpressions.

问题3选项

A.Theycallforacampaigntostopthedefeminization.

B.Theseeitasanexpressionofwomen’ssentiment

C.Theyacceptitasamodemtrend.

D.Theyexpressstrongdisapproval.

问题4选项

A.mayleadtochangesinsocialrelations

B.hasbeentrueofallpastgenerations

C.isviewedasasignoftheirmaturity

D.isaresultofrapidsocialprogress

问题5选项

A.asuresignoftheirdefeminizationandmaturation

B.anindicationoftheirdefianceagainstsocialchange

C.oneoftheirstrategiestocompeteinamale-dominatedsociety

D.aninevitabletrendoflinguisticdevelopmentinJapantoday

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一句就点明主旨:Theuseofdeferential（敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan(使用敬语是儒家理想女性的象征，它主宰着日本保守的性别规范),可知B“儒家思想统治着日本严格的性别规范”正确。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknownas“men’s(她们很少使用恭顺的“女性”用语，却使用为数不多的强势的“男性”用语),可知B“很少使用恭顺的语言表达”正确。

3.细节事实题。第二段指出:This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage(这当然吸引了大量关注，日本媒体强烈抗议女性语言的‘去女性化’)。因此选D“他们强烈反对”。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词YoshikoMatsumoto定位至第三段:YoshikoMatsuniotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen(YoshikoMastumoto指出，年轻女性可能从未使用过老一辈女性使用的高级别敬语)。以及Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto’’-afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell(毫无疑问，人们是期望年轻女性能够使用这种非常礼貌的用语的，毕竟它不仅仅是女性的象征，还是成熟和教养的象征，而且这种语言的使用标志着个人社会关系性质的变化)。因此推断现代年轻女性的用语习惯也是可以导致个人社会关系的改变的,故选A。

5.细节事实题。第四段:KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout(KatsueReynolds曾指出，如今为了能在校内外和男孩竞争，女孩使用更为自信的语言策略),因此选C“是在男权社会竞争的一种策略”。

13.单选题

Inthenextfewyearsmajorchangeswillbe（

）inChina’sindustries.

问题1选项

A.broughtforward

B.broughtabout

C.broughton

D.broughtup

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项broughtforward“提议”；B选项broughtabout“导致；使掉头；发生”；C选项broughton“导致，引起”；D选项broughtup“提出，抚养”。句意：在接下来的几年，主要的变化将（）在中国的工业。这里结合选项，空格处应该填发生，所以答案选B。

14.单选题

Theserviceoperates15librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（）librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

问题1选项

A.mobile

B.drifting

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mobile“可移动的，易变的”；B选项drifting“漂流的；飘动的”，一般是指由风或者水飘动着；C选项shifting“不断移动的，不断变化的”，也可以变换形态；D选项rotating“旋转的”。句意：这项服务管理全国15所图书馆，其中6所……图书馆专为农村地区服务。这里的形容词修饰的是后面的libraries图书馆。移动图书馆有专业术语为mobilelibrary，因此A选项符合题意。

15.单选题

They’veliftedatwo-year-longeconomic（）onthecountry.

问题1选项

A.enclosure

B.restriction

C.blockade

D.prohibition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项enclosure“围墙，围场”；B选项restriction“限制，约束”；C选项blockade“包围，封锁”；D选项prohibition“禁止，禁令”。economic常和blockade搭配，意思是“经济封锁”。句意：他们解除了对该国长达两年的经济封锁。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

16.翻译题

2.Iclimbedheightsinordertoseethesplendidgranitemountaininitsfullestview.InthisexperienceIhadbeenseekingtheaesthetic.IknewIwouldfindit,forIhadseenpostcardsinadvanceandwasfollowingthemap.Theseekingtookconsiderableeffortandtime.Itwasaheavyinvestment.Iwasnotgoingforthescientificpurposeofstudyingrockformation,orwasitfortherecreationalpurposeofexercisingmylimbsinthefreshair,thoughthatexertionaddedintensitytotheexperienceandwasitscontext.

【答案】2.为了饱览壮丽的花岗岩山峰的全景，我登上了高地。这次旅程中我一直在捕捉一种美感。我知道会如愿以偿，因为我事先看过一些有关的风景明信片，循着山路示意图一路找来。这样的寻找费时费力，投入颇大。尽管这次跋涉加深了我对美的体验，而且是这番体验的不可或缺的环节，但我此行的目的既不是出于对科学的动机来研究岩石的结构，也不是出于娱乐消遣的考虑在清新的空气中舒展肢体。

17.翻译题

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Scholars,writersandteachersinthemodernacademiccommunityhavestrongfeelingsaboutacknowledgingtheuseofanotherperson’sideas.IntheEnglish-speakingworld,thetermplagiarismisusedtolabelthepracticeofnotgivingcreditforthesourceofone’sideas.Simplystated,plagiarismis“thewrongfulappropriationandpublicationasone’sownoftheideas,ortheexpressionofideasofanother.”

Thepenaltiesforplagiarismvaryfromsituationtosituation.Inmanyuniversities,thepunishmentmayrangefromfailureinaparticularcoursetoexpulsionfromtheuniversity.(46)Intheliteraryworld,wherewritersareprotectedfromplagiarismbyinternationalcopyrightlaws,thepenaltymayrangefromasmallfinetoimprisonmentandaruinedcareer.Protectionofscholarsandwriters,throughthecopyrightlawsandthroughthesocialpressuresoftheacademicandliterarycommunities,isarelativelyrecentconcept.

(47)Students,asinexperiencedscholarsthemselves,mustavoidvarioustypesofplagiarismbybeingself-criticalintheiruseofotherscholars’ideasandbygivingappropriatecreditforthesourceofborrowedideasandwords,otherwisedireconsequencesmayoccur.Thereareatleastthreeclassificationsofplagiarismasitisrevealedinstudents’inexactnessinidentifyingsourcesproperly.Theyareplagiarismbyaccident,byignorance,andbyintention.

Plagiarismbyaccident,oroversight,sometimesistheresultofthewriter’sinabilitytodecideorrememberwheretheideacamefrom.Hemayhavereaditlongago,hearditinalecturesinceforgotten,oracquireditsecond-handorthird-handfromdiscussionswithcolleagues.(48)Althoughthistypeofplagiarismmustbeguardedagainstitistheleastseriousand,iflessonslearned,canbeexemptfrombeingseverelypunished.

Plagiarismthroughignoranceissimplyawayofsayingthatinexperiencedwritersoftendonotknowhoworwhentoacknowledgetheirsources.Thetechniquesfordocumentation—note-taking,quoting,footnoting,listingbibliography—areeasilylearnedandcanpreventthewriterfrommakingunknowingmistakesoromissionsinhisreferences.(49)Although“thereisnocopyrightinnews,orinideas,onlyintheexpressionofthem.”thewritercannotpleadignorancewhenhissourcesforideasarechallenged.

Themostseriouskindofacademicthieveryisplagiarismbyintention.Thewrite,limitedbyhislazinessanddullness,copiesthethoughtsandlanguageofothersandclaimsthemforhisown.Henotonlysteals,hetriestodeceivethereaderintobelievingtheideasareoriginal.Suchwordsasimmoral,dishonest,offensive,anddespicableareusedtodescribethepracticeofplagiarismbyintention.

Theoppositeofplagiarismisacknowledgement.Allmatureandtrustworthywritersmakeuseoftheideasofothersbuttheyarecarefultoacknowledgetheirindebtednesstotheirsources.(50)Students,asdevelopingscholars,writers,teachers,andprofessionalleaders,shouldrecognizeandassumetheirresponsibilitytodocumentallsourcesfromwhichlanguageandthoughtsareborrowed.Othermembersoftheprofessionwillnotonlyrespectthescholarship,theywilladmirethehumilityandhonesty.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.在文学界，作者受到国际版权法的保护，免受剽窃，处罚范围从小额罚款到监禁和毁掉职业生涯不等。

47.作为没有经验的学者，学生必须避免各种类型的剽窃和抄袭，在使用其他学者的想法时要自我批评，对借用的思想和词语的来源给予适当的赞扬，否则会发生可怕的后果。

48.尽管这类剽窃必须加以防范，但它是最不严重的，如果吸取了教训，可以免于受到严厉的惩罚。

49.尽管“新闻和思想没有版权，只有它们的表达方式”，但当作者的思想来源受到质疑时，他不能以无知为借口。

50.作为发展中的学者、作家、教师和职业领袖，学生应该意识到并承担自己的责任，记录所有引用的语言和思想的来源。

18.单选题

ATIMEcolumnistbearswitnesstoanoperationtohelptripletswithcerebralpalsywalklikeotherboys.

CindyHickmannearlybledtodeaththedayshegavebirth—threemonthsprematurely—tohertripletsons.Weighinglessthan2lbseach,herbabieswerealive，butbarely.TheyclungsotenuouslytolifethatherdoctorsrecommendedshenamethemA,BandC.Then,afterayearofheroicinterventions—brainshunts，tracheotomies,skullremodeling—oftenrequiringemergencyhelicopterridestothehospitalnearesttheirruralTennesseehome,theHickmanlearnedthattheirtripletshadcerebralpalsy.

Fifteenyearsagotherewasn’tmuchthatcouldbedoneaboutcerebralpalsy，adisordercausedbydamagetothemotorcentersofthebrain.Butpediatricmedicinehascomealongwaysincethen,bothininterventionbeforebirth,withbetterprenatalcareandvarioustechniquestopostponedelivery，andsurgicalinterventionsafterbirthtocorrectphysicaldeficiencies.Soalthoughtheincidenceofcerebralpalsyseemstobeincreasing(becausetheoddsofpreemiessurvivingaresomuchbetter),sotooarethenumberofsuccessstories.

Thisisoneofthem.Lane,CodieandWyatt(astheHickmanboysarecalled)havespasticcerebralpalsy,themostcommonform,accountingfornearly80%o£cases.“Wefirstnoticed