大学英语新视野3第一单元,翻译

UintlListeningInScriptM:Tellmeyoursecret.You'resuddenlygettingexcellentmarksineverysubject,andyouusedtobeabottom-of-classstudentjustlikeme.W:Simpleenough.Ireadanarticleinascientificjournalthatstudyingwithremembering,basedonrecentresearchintothebrain.M:Aw,thatstuff'soldhat:studyatthesametimeeveryday,besureyourclothesarecomfortable,andmakesureyouhaveenoughlight,blah-blah-blah.W:Notsofast,wiseguy.I'mtalkingaboutprincipleslike"MentalVisualization”,creatingapictureinyourmindofwhatistoberemembered.M:Ok,thatdiessounddifferent.Id“Association“aprinciple-youknow,youconnectwhatyouwanttorememberwithsomethingyou'refamiliarwith?W:Righton!’Consolidation“isanother.Ireviewmynotesrightafterclassandconsolidate—orabsorb-thenewmaterialintowhatI'vealreadylearned.M:You'removingaheadfastwiththoseprinciples.IswearthisweekendI'mgoingtostudysixteenhoursadaybothSaturdayandSunday.W:Whoa,bigguy.That'snottheway.Followtheprincipleof^DistributesPractice”.Shorterstudysessionsdistributesoverseveraldaysarebetter.M:Thatsystemisallverywellforyou;you'vegotagoodmemory.Butwhataboutme?Fvegotamemorylikeasieve.W:You'retoomodest.There'snothingwrongwithyourmemory.Butmemoryislikeamuscle;itneedsexercise.Anddon'tforgetit.M:告诉我你的秘密。你突然得到每一学科成绩优秀,你以前是一个差等学生就像我一样。W:足够简单。我读过一篇文章，在科学杂志上,基于最近的研究对过去的回忆进入大脑的过程。M:噢，老套的东西:在每天的同一时间学习，确保你的衣服是很舒适的，确保你有足够的光，等等。W:没有那么快,聪明的家伙。我谈论像“精神的可视化”的原则，创建在你的心中一个，什么是要记住的图片。M:好的，它听起来不一样。Id“联想”一个原则，你知道了,你熟悉你想要记住的东西吗？W:没错！“巩固”是另一个。我回顾我的笔记在分配实践下课之后，新材料到什么,我已经学会了。M:你用这些原则向前快速。我发誓这周末我要研究被迫一天工作十六小时两个星期六和星期天。W:哇，大个子。并不是这样。遵循以下原则”分发实践”。较短的学习分开超过几天是更好的。M:这系统是非常好，你已经有了一个良好的记忆力。可是我呢?我有一个像筛子一样的记忆力。W:你太谦虚了。并没有什么错你的记忆。但记忆就像肌肉一样，它需要练习。别忘了它。WhilethemaniswonderingwhythewomanissuddenlyRettingexcellentmarks,shesaysshereadaaarticleonstudyingandremembering.Ittalksaboutprincipleslike"MentalVisualization”,thatis,creatingapictureinone'smindofwhatistoberemembered.Thisremindsthemanoftheprincipleof“Association”,whichmeansconnectingwhatonewantstorememberwithsomethingoneisfamiliarwith.Thenthewomanaddstheprincipleof“Consolidation",orreviewingone'snotesafterclassandabsorbingthenewmaterialintowha>onehasalreadylearned.Whenthemanpromisetostudysixteenhoursaday,thewomanrecommendstheprincipleof“DistributedPractice”,whichfavorsshorterstudysessionsdistributedoverseveraldays.Finally,thewomantellsthemanthatmemoryislikeamuscle,andthatitneedsexercise.Task2:Youforgetmytoast!ScriptAn80-year-oldcouplewashavingproblemsrememberingthings,sotheydecidetogototheirdoctortoseewhatwaswrongwiththem.Theyexplainedtothedoctorabouttheproblemstheywerehavingwiththeirmemory.Aftercheckingthecoupleover,thedoctortoldthemthattheywerephysicallyokaybutmightneedtostartwritingthingsdowntohelpthemremember.Thecouplethankedthedoctorandleft.LaterthatnightwhilewatchingTV,theoldwomansaidtotheoldman,"Honey,willyoupleasegotothekitchenandgetmeadishoficecream?^^Beforethemanleft,sheadded,“Whydon'tyouwritethatdownsoyouwon'tforget?^^“Nonsense,“saidthehusband,canrememberadishoficecream!M“Well,“saidthewife,"I'dlikesomestrawberriesonit.You'dbetterwritethatdownbecauseIknowyourmemoryisfailing/9“Don'tbesilly,Mrepliedthehusband."There^eonlytwothings:adishoficecreamandsomestrawberries.Icansurelyrememberthat!^^Withthat,herushedintothekitchen.Afterabouttwentyminuteshereturnedfromthekitchenandhandedheraplateofbaconandeggs.Thewifetookonelookattheplate,glancedupatherhusband,andsaid,"Hey,youforgetthetoast!”一对80岁的夫妇是记住事情有问题，所以他们决定去找他们的医生看到他们到底是怎么回事。他们,医生对解释，问题是他们都在与他们的记忆。这对夫妻检查后，医生告诉他们,他们身体都好，但可能需要开始写下事情来帮助他们记忆。这对夫妇感谢医生，离开了。那天晚上看电视的时候，老太太对老者说，“亲爱的，请你去厨房，给我一盘冰淇淋吗？”这人离开之前，她补充道，“你为什么不写下来，这样你就不会忘记呢?”“胡说,”丈夫说，“我记得一盘冰淇淋!”“好吧，”妻W兑，“我想要一些草莓。你最好写下来，因为我知道你的记忆是差的。”“别傻了，”丈夫回答说。“有只有两件事:一盘冰淇淋和一些草莓。我一定能记住!”因此,他冲进厨房。大约20分钟后，他从厨房出来，递给她一盘熏肉和鸡蛋。妻子看了一眼那盘,抬头看了看她的丈夫，说，“嘿,你忘记了烤面包!”Task3:Memory-ImprovingTechniquesScriptTherearemanytechniquesyoucanusetoimproveyourmemory.Someofthemareintroducedher.Firstandforemost,youneedtostimulateyourmemoryallthetime.Toputitsimply,youshoulduseyourmemoryasmuchaspossible.Itisespeciallyimportanttotrytolearnsomethingnew.Ifyouworkinanoffice,learntodance;ifyouareadancer,learntodealwithacomputer,ifyouworkwithsales,andlearntoplaychess;ifyouareaprogrammer,learntopaint.Theseaddedactivitiesstimulatethebrainsothat11continuestofunction.Olderpeopleneedtopayattentiontothingstheyaredealingwith.Don'ttrytomemorizeeverythingthatcatchesyourattention;focusonwhatyouconsiderimportant.Forexample,youcantakeanyobjectsuchasapenandconcentrateonit.Thinkonitsvariouscharacteristics:itsmaterial,itsfunction,itscolor,andsoon.Don'tallowanyotherthoughttooccupyyourmindwhileyouareconcentratinginthatpen.Anothermethodthatcanbeusedistorelaxyourself.Itisimpossibletorememberthingsifyouaretenseornervous.So,tryholdingyourbreathfortenseconds,andthenreleaseitslowly.Associationisalsoapowerfultooltodevelopyourmemory.Forexample,ifyoucannotrememberaperson'sname,youcanthinkaboutaspecialfeatureofhisfaceandthenlinkitwithhismane.有许多种技术可以用来改善你的记忆力。介绍他们中的一些给了你。首先,您需要所有的时间刺激你的记忆的。说实在的，您应该使用尽可能多的记忆。它是特别重要，尝试学习新的东西。如果你在办公室工作，学会跳舞;如果你是一名舞者，学会处理的计算机，如果你的工作是销售，学会下棋;如果你是一个程序员,学习绘画。添加了这些活动刺激大脑，这样还在继续发挥作用。老年人需要注意他们正在处理的事。不要试图记住每件事物，抓住你的注意力，专注于你所认为的重要。例如，你可以把任何物体，比如一个钢笔，专注于它。思考关于它的各种特点:它的材料，它的功能，它的颜色，等等。不允许任何其他想法占据你的思想，你正集中在那支笔。另一种方法,可以用来放松自己。它是不可能记住一些东西,如果你感觉紧张或者紧张。所以，试着呼吸10秒钟，然后慢慢地呼出。联想也是一个强有力的工具来开发你的记忆。例如,如果你不能记住一个人的名字,你可以想一个特殊特性的，他的脸，然后把它与他链接。SpeakingOutMODEL1Itslippedmymind!Amy:Isentouttheinvitationstothedinnerparty.Bill:Thafsgood.Nowwhatshouldwedo?Amy:We'vegottoplanthemenu.Bill:Oh,that'sright.Doyouhaveanythinginmind?Amy:IthinkI'mgoingtomakethechickensaladwehadattheChristmasparty.RememberIsledthecheffortherecipe?Bill:Yeah,butdidyouforgetthatLindadoesn'teatchicken?Amy:Linda?Oh,mygosh!IforgottoinviteLinda!Itjustslippedmymind.She'llbemadatme.Bill:Well,everyoneforgetssomethingsometimes.It'snottoolateyet.I'llmakeaphonecall.Don'tworry.Amy:Thanks!Yousee,Tmgettingforgetful.IthinkI'mgettingold!Bill:Lookslikeyouare,sweetheart艾米:我寄出请柬为晚宴。比尔:那很好。现在我们应该做些什么呢？艾米:我们必须计划菜单。比尔:噢,这是正确的。你有什么打算吗？艾米:我想我要做鸡肉色拉我们在圣诞晚会。记得我的雪橇厨师点这道菜吗？比尔:是的，但是你忘了，琳达不吃鸡肉吗？艾米:琳达?哦，我的天哪!我忘了邀请琳达!这只是我忘了。她会生我的气。比尔:嗯，每个人都忘记一些有时。还为时不晚。我要打个电话。别担心。艾米:谢谢!你看，我现在变得健忘。我认为我变老了！比尔:这看起来才像你，宝贝MODEL2Ican'tthinkofitoffthetopofmyhead.ScriptJohn:Hey,Sue.DoyouknowwhatJack'shomephonenumberis?Susan:Ican'tthinkofitoffthetopofmyhead.Idon'thavemyaddressbookonme,andIdon'thavemymobilephonewithme,either.John:That'stoobad!Pvegottofindhimnow.It'surgent!IfIcan'tfindhimtoday,rilbedead!Susan:Youmightwanttolookitupinthephonebook.John:I'vecheckedalready,butitseemsthathidphonenumberisunlisted.Susan:Maybeit'sunderhisroommate'sname.John:Well,Iguessso.Susan:Well,whydon'tyoucallJone?Shehashisphonenumber.John:Fvetried,butnooneanswered!Susan:Maybecallhisofficeandaskhissecretary.John:Fvealreadytried.Shewon'ttellme.Shesaysit'sprivate.Susan:Oh,that'sright.Theyusuallydon'treleaseprivateinformationoverthephone.John:Ifsapity.Youusuallyhaveapowerfulmemory,butyoucan'thelptoday.What'swrongwithyou?Yourmemoryseemstobefadingearly.Susan:h'snotmymemoryisfading.Idohavememoryforfaceandnames,butapooronefornumberanddates约翰:嘿，苏。你知道杰克家的电话号码是多少么？苏珊:我不能想出来它在我的脑子。我的电话簿不在我,我没有我的移动电话，无论是。约翰:那太糟糕了。我必须找到他了。我有急事!如果我找不到他，今天，我就会死掉！苏珊:你可查一下电话簿。约翰:我已经检查了，但似乎隐藏的电话号码是不公开的。苏珊:也许这是在他的室友的名字之下。约翰:嗯,我想是这样。苏珊:嗯，你为什么不打电话给简?她有他的电话号码。约翰:我试过了，但是没有人回答！苏珊:也许给他办公室打电话，问他的秘书。约翰:我已经尝试过的。她不告诉我。她说这是私人的。苏珊:哦,这是正确的。他们通常不释放私人信息通过电话。约翰:这是一个遗憾。你通常有一个强大的记忆,但你不能帮助今天。你怎么了？你的记忆似乎已经不再是早期。苏珊:这不是我的记忆正在消退。我确实记忆很好对脸和名字，但不是一个数字和日期M0DEL3What'swrongwithyourmemory?ScriptBill:Hi,honey!MytriptoLondonwaswonderful.Amy:Tellmewhatthrilledyoumost.[ThetelephoneringsandBillanswersit....Hehangsup.]Bill:Er,wherewasI?Amy:YouweretalkingaboutyourtourinLondon.Bill:Oh,yeah.Amy:Ibetyouhadagreattime.Bill:Yes,IparticularlyenjoyedvisitingthetowerofLondon.Amy:Howdidyougetthere?Bybusorunderground?Bill:Letmesee....Sorry,Ican'trememberanymore.Amy:What'swrongwithyourmemory?Bill:Ihopeit'snotAlzheimer'sdisease.Idon'twanttoforgetmyownname.Amy:Idon'tthinkso.Perhapsit'sjusttemporaryforgetfulness.You511berightafteragoodsleep.Bill:Ihopeso.Butasthisishappeningsooftenrecently,IthinkImustgotoseeadoctorandgetsomepillsAmy:It'snotasserousasthat.Anyway,Iwishyouhadagoodmemoryforhappyevents,andabadoneforunhappythings.比尔:嗨，亲爱的!我的伦敦之旅棒极了。艾米:告诉我你激动不已。（电话响了，比尔回答它.…他挂断电话。）比尔:呃，我说道哪?艾米:你谈论的是你在伦敦之旅。比尔:噢,是的。艾米:我打赌你度过了一段美好的时光。比尔:是的，我特别喜欢参观伦敦塔。艾米:你怎么去的?坐公共汽车或地铁吗？比尔:让我看看…。时不起，我不记得任何更多的。艾米:你记忆遇到了什么吗？比尔:我希望这不是阿尔茨海默氏症。我不想忘记我自己的名字。艾米:我不这么认为。也许这只是临时的健忘。你需要一个良好的睡眠。比尔:我希望如此。但随着最近这种事时有发生，我想我必须去看医生，并得到一些药片艾米:它并不像药水。不管怎样，我希望你有个好记性对于快乐的事件，•个糟糕消息对于一个不开心的事。LefsTalkScriptStudent:Professor,thankyouforgrainingmethisinterview.I'mSusan,areporterfromtheStudentUnionmagazine.Manystudentshavedifficultlymemorizingthings.Sinceyou'reanoutstandingpsychologist,couldyougiveussometipsonhowtopimproveourmemory?Professor:Well,somepeoplehavebettermemoriesthanothers,butthat'slargelybecausetheyarebetteratcreatingmentalimages.Student:IfTmnotgoodatcreatingimages,whatcanIdo?Professor:Practicehelps.Andthemindremembersthingsbetteriftheyareconnectedwithotherimages.Forexample,Iyouhavetopickupseveralitemsatthegrocerystore,say,carrots,egg,bananas,andmilk,youcancreateapictureinyourmindofagiantcarrot,andhangingfromit,abanana.Student:ThenIcouldhaveagiantmilkcartonpouringmilkoverthecarrotandbanana.Professor:Certainly.Thenwhatwouldyoudowiththeegg?Student:Hmmm.I'dvisualizeanegg-shapedUFOflyingacrossthesky.Professor:Thereyougo.Themoreyouapplytheideas,theeasieritgets.Besidescreatingpictures,there'sanothertechniquethatisveryuseful.Student:Whatisit?Professor:Establishinganassociation.Supposeyouarelookingforlostkeys.Relax,andletyourmindlookforalltheimagesconnectedwiththosekeys—theirfeel,thesoundstheymake.Student:Howwillthathelp?Professor:Youmightrememberthesoundthekeysmadewhenyouplacedtheninadrawerorcoldtouchofthekeysinyourjacketwereyouleftthem.Student:Ohmygosh!Ihavetorun.It'stimemyEnglishclass.Iseeanimageofmyteacherstaringatmyemptyseatintheclassroom.Manythanks,Professor.Professor:Notatall,andgoodluckwithyourmemory.学生:教授，谢谢你允许我这次采访。我是苏珊，一位记者，学生会杂志。许多学生记忆东西有困难。因为你是一个杰出的心理学家,你能给我们提供了一些关于如何提高我们的记忆技巧？教授:嗯，有些人比其他人有更好的记忆力，但这主要是因为他们更善于创造精神意象。学生:如果我不擅长生成图片，我可以做什么呢？教授:练习帮助。思想记得事情变得更好,如果他们用其他图像。例如，我需要从几个项目在杂货店、比方说、胡萝卜、鸡蛋、香蕉、和牛奶，您可以创建一个在脑海里想象未来的一个巨大的胡萝卜，一根香蕉挂在上面,。学生:这样我就可以拥有一个巨大的牛奶纸盒牛奶倒在胡萝卜和香蕉。教授:当然。然后你会怎样用蛋？学生:嗯。我需要想象一个蛋形的UFO飞过天空。教授:就到这里吧。想法你越应用，它就会变得越容易。除了创造图画，还有另一种技术是非常有用的。学生:这将如何？教授:建立一个关键。假设您正在寻找丢失的钥匙。放轻松，让你的头脑查找所有的图像与那些关键——他们的感觉,他们的声音。学生:会有怎样的帮助？教授:你可能会记得那声音钥匙，当你放置然后在抽屉里或触摸到在你的外套当你离开他们。学生:噢，我的天啊!我得走了。是时候我的英语课。我看到一幅图像，我的老师盯着我在教室里空着的座位上。多谢,教授。教授:不用，好运给你的记忆。DiscussionSAMPLEAswejustheardfromtheinterview,thetechniqueofassociatingcertainlyimportantinpromotingmemory.Andaccordingtotheinterview,creatingimageshelpsrememberthings.Ifyourshoppinglistincludeseggs,youmightvisualizeaneggoranegg-shapedUFOflyingacross.Anotherimportantfactorinimprovingmemorycanbeofinterest.Ifyougetinterestedinsomething,youcanrememberitbetter*.Yeah.Andifyourecognizefactsintomeaningfulgroups,youcanrememberthembetter.Forinstance,ifyouwanttomemorizeallthenamesofAmericanpresidents,itisnoteasy.If,however,youarrangethemchronologicallyintothreeperiods:thosebeforeAbrahamLincoln,thosebetweenAbrahamLincolnandFranklinRoosevelt,andthoseafter,thenthetaskwillbelessdifficult.Itiscommonsensethatifyouglanceatsomethingquickly,youtendtoforgetitquickly.Ifyoustuffyitslowly,youcanrememberitbetter.Anothertechniqueisintensivepracticeorrepeating.Asasayinggoes,practicemakesperfect.Ifyourepeatsomethingagainandagain,youwilleventuallylearnitbyheart.A:Butweshouldnotworktoohard.Whenwegettired,ourlearningefficiencydeclines.Weneedbreakssothemindcanrestandabsorbwhathasbeenlearned.答:我们刚刚听到从采访中，该技术将在促进记忆相当重要。B:根据采访中,生成的图片帮助记住事情。如果你的购物单包括鸡蛋，你可以想象一个鸡蛋或一个蛋形的UFO飞过。答:另一个重要因素可以改善记忆的兴趣。如果你得到什么感兴趣,你可以更清楚地记住它们。B:是的。如果你承认事实，您可以更好地记住它们。例如，如果你想记住所有美国总统的名字，并不容易。然而，如果你安排它们按时间顺序分为三个时期:那些在亚伯拉罕•林肯,那些亚伯拉罕・林肯和富兰克林•罗斯福之间，和那些之后，然后将任务不那么困难。答:这是常识，如果你看很快某个东西一眼，你往往会很快忘了它。如果你慢慢地闷热,您可以更清楚地记住它们。B:另一种技术是强化的练习和重复。俗话说，熟能生巧。如果你一次又一次的重复一些东西,你最终会记在心里。答:但我们不应该工作太努力了。当我们累了，我们的学习效率下降。我们需要休息所以心灵可以休息和吸收所掌握。VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTaskl:TheRoleMemoryPlaysinOurLifeScriptSincememoryplaysasignificantroleinourlife,scrientistsareincreasinglyinterestedinresearchonhowtoimprovermemory,Herearesomefactorstheybelievetobeimportanttoexpandingmemorycapacity.Tobeginwith,youmusttakespecialcareinyourdailylife.Foodforexample,isveryimportant.Somevitaminsareessentialfoeyourmemorytoworkproperly.Theyarefoundinbread,cereal,vegetablesandfruits.Someexpertssaythatsynthesizesvitaminsimprovememory,butothershavedoubtsaboutthis,arguingthatthestudieshavenotconfirmedtheydowork.Anotheressentialfactoriswater.Ithelpstomaintainthememorysystems,especiallyinolderpersons.AccordingtoDr.Roswell,lackofwaterinthebodyhasanimmediateandstrongeffectonmemory;itcancauseconfusionandotherthoughtdifficulties.Sleepalsoplaysasignificantrole.Tobeabletohaveagoofmemory,wemustallowthebraintohaveplentyofrest.Whilesleeping,thebrainnolongercontrolsthesenses,andstartstoreviseandstoretheinformationonehasreceives.Lackofsleepwouldmakeonefeelexhaustedandwouldweakenone'sabilitytoconcentrate.Also,one'abilitytostoreinformationwouldbeaffected.由于记忆扮演了重要角色在我们的生活中，科学家越来越热衷于研究如何改良记忆，这里有一些因素,他们认为是重要的扩展记忆容量。首先，你必须特别小心,在你的日常生活中。例如食品，是非常重要的。一些维生素是必要的敌人你的记忆力正常工作。他们发现在面包、谷类、蔬菜和水果。一些专家说，综合维生素提高记忆力，但有些人怀疑这点，他们认为研究，他们做的工作并未证实,。另一个重要的因素是水。它有助于保持记忆系统，尤其是老年人。罗斯维尔博士说，缺乏水在体内有直接和强烈影响记忆;它可以带来混乱和其他的思考困难。睡眠也扮演着一个重要的角色。能够有一个好记忆,我们必须使大脑有足够的休息。睡眠时，大脑不再控制感官，开始修改和存储已经收到的信息。缺乏睡眠会使人感到精疲力尽，会削弱一个人的集中注意力的能力。同样的，一个存储信息的能力将会受到影响。Task2:Wheredidtheprofessorgo?ScriptThisisatruestory,whilehappenedtofriendsofoursinasmalltowninSouthAfrica.Theywereahospitablecouplewhooftenentertainedtheirneighborsfordrinks,teaordinner.Onthisparticularspringnight,theyhaveinvitedaretiredprofessortosuper.Duringtheevening,itbegantopourwithrain,andtheheavensreallyopened.Becausehehadwalkedthere,theyofferedtoputhimupforthenight.Theypointedoutthatbystayingovernight,hedidnotneedtoroIooutinthebadweather.Heagreedonthesoundnessofthatidea,thankedhishostsprofusely,andthematterseemedtobesettled.Butwhiletheywerewashingthedishesaftersupper,theforgetftilprofessordisappeared.Noonecouldfindhimanywhere.Eventually,after40minutes,thefrontdoorbellrang.Therewastheprofessor,soakedtotheskin.Whenhewasaskedwhatonearthhehasbeendongintherain,herepliedthatbecausehewasgoingtostaythereovernight,hehadgonehometogethispaiamasandtoothbrush.这是一个真实的故事，发生在我们的朋友在南非的一个小镇。他们是一个好客的夫妇经常招待邻居的饮料、茶或晚餐。在这个特别的春天夜晚，他们邀请了一位退休的教授，超。在晚上，开始卜.大的，天真的像打开了。当他要走了,他们提出要留他过夜。他们指出，住一夜，