2017中石油职称英语真题与答案解析

2016年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案解析I.VocabularySectionADirections:Therearesomesentencesinthissection.Beloweachsentencearefourotherwordsorphrases.Youaretochoosetheonewordorphrasewhichwouldbestkeepingthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitweresubstitutedfortheunderlinedwordorphrase.Thenmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet.1、Inmostcountries,thecrimeofmurdercarriesharshpenalties.A.unconsciousB.thriveC.severeD.prudent【参考答案】C【释义】harshadj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的unconsciousthrivev.severeadj.prudentadj.adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的繁宋；出壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的谨慎的；慎重的；精明的2、Itellmymotheraboutmytrialsatworkandbragaboutthekids.A.lieB.boastC.secretiveD.feelawkward【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That"OtherWoman"inMyLife第8段。【释义】bragv.吹嘘；自吹自擂liev.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于boastv.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西）secretiveadj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的feelawkward为难；作难；犯难3、Theemployeehadtobreakofftheconversationinordertowaitonhismanger.A.continueB.hurryC.beginD.discontinue【参考答案】D【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。原题：Theemployeehadtobreakofftheconversationinordertowaitonhismanager.(discontinue)【释义】breakoffv.断绝；折取；把…折断；使脱落continuev.持续；延伸；继续存在；不断发生

速处理hurryv.beginv.discontinuev.速处理hurryv.beginv.discontinuev.开始；启动；起始；开始存在（或进行）停止；终止；中断；终止（生产）4、Thereisanextensiveglaciersystem,endlessforests,andinnumerablelakesthroughoutthishighlandarea.A.expansiveB.broadd.deepD.intense【参考答案】A【出处】2016版《通用选读》第24课TheDelightsofSouthIsland第3段【释义】extensiveadj.广阔的；广大的；大量的；广泛的expansiveadj.广阔的；辽阔的；浩瀚的；广泛的broadadj.宽阔的；广阔的；…宽（用于表示距离的量度之后）deepadj.深陷；全神贯注；专心；深的intenseadj.很大的；十分强烈的；严肃紧张的；激烈的5、Scientistsaretryingtodevelopcomputersthatwillsimulatethehumanthoughtprocess.A.projectB.reflectC.substituteD.assume【参考答案】B【出处】2015版大纲模拟试题一第13题【释义】simulatev.模仿；假装；冒充；装作projectv.计划；规划；投影；投射reflectv.反映；映出（影像）；反射（声、光、热等）；显示substitutev.取代；（以…）代替assumev.假设；假定；认为；假装6、Thetwodriverswereinjuredinthecollision.A.fightB.accidentC.criticD.crash【参考答案】D【出处】同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语试题【解释】collisionn.抵触；碰撞（或相撞）事故fightn.斗争；打架；打斗；搏斗accidentn.意外；（交通）事故；意外遭遇；不测事件criticn.评论家；反对者；批评者crashn.崩溃；坠毁；撞击；速成

7、Visitinginahumidclimatewillcausethetraveler'sclothingtobecomesaturatedwithsweat.C.drenchedD.trapped【参考答案】C.drenchedD.trapped【参考答案】C【出处】大学六级试题【释义】saturatedadj.stainedadj.（败坏名声的；染色的heatedadj.的drenchedadj.trapv.浸透；湿透；（溶液）饱和的；深的被血或污物）染污的；有瑕疵或污点的；（因罪行）愤怒的；激烈的；十分激动的；（用加热器）加热了湿透的；含太多液体的；充满（液体）的诱捕；设计诱陷；安防臭瓣；发射（泥鸽）8、IntheheartofthecontinentofAntarcticaitisalmostashighasthesummitsoftheAlps.A.topsB.trailsC.apexesD.sites【参考答案】C【出处】2016版《通用选读》第60课WhyAntarcticaIsBeingExplored第8段【释义】summitn.峰会；山顶；顶点；最高点topn.顶；上衣；陀螺；上面trailsn.小路；长长地拖垂后头的东西；（流星等的）尾；衣裙apexn.顶点；最高点siten.网站；站点；现场；位置9、Nowsomescientistshaverevisedtheirwayofthinking.A.rejectedB.unclearC.amendedD.distasteful【参考答案】C【出处】新视野大学英语3课文1-6单元sectionB原文【释义】revisev.修订；修正；校阅；再检查rejectv.拒绝；驳回；丢弃；不接受unclearadj.不清楚的；不确定的；难以掌握的；不完全明白amendv.改良；订正；改变（行为等）；改过distastefuladj.使人不愉快的；令人反感的；讨厌的10、Ithasbeenarguedthatoilmaybetterbefoundbyrandomdrillingthanbytheapplianceofscientificprinciples.A.foolishB.unplannedC.unavoidableD.wise【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第31课PetroleumGeologyandOtherSciences第8段【释义】randomadj.随机的foolishadj.愚蠢的；傻的；感到荒谬；出丑unplannedadj.未计划（或筹划）的；意外的unavoidableadj.无法避免的；难以预防的wiseadj.充满智慧的；明智的；英明的；明察善断的SectionBDirections:Therearesomeincompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet.11、OuroverseasbranchofficeistoopeninDubainextmonth.advaneedB.informedC.maintainedD.scheduled【参考答案】D【出处】托业考试（TOEIQ模拟试题【释义】advaneev.提前；进步；促进；预付informv.通知；通告；知会；了解maintainv.维护；保持；坚持；抚养schedulev.安排；预定；为…安排时间12、Dear,dosendthechildrentobed.Ican'ttheirnoiseanylonger.A.putupwithB.putoutC.putoffD.putaway【参考答案】A【出处】专升本英语考前复习试题【释义】putupwithna.忍住；忍耐putoutv.扑火；熄灭；放出；伸出putoffna.延期；辩解putawayv.把…收起来；储存13、Salespromotionthosepromotionalactivitiesotherthanadvertising,personalselling,andpublicity.A.isconsistedofB.consistsofC.iscomposedfromD.composesfrom【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第52课SalesPromotion第1段【释义】isconsistedof被动语态，由组成的

consistsofv.由…构成；由…组成；由…组成consistsofv.由…构成；由…组成；由…组成14、Thesefuelsheatwhentheyburn.A.giveupB.giveoffC.giveawayD.givein【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第26课TheMagicofEnergy第13段【释义】giveupna.放弃；断绝；投降；自首giveoffna.放出；发出；释放；散发出giveawayna.赠送；分发；放弃；露马脚giveinna.让步；屈服；投降；上交15、Ibelieveinthesupremeworthoftheindividualandinhisright__life,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.A.byB.toc.atD.over【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第7课OurFamilyCreed第5段16、Whereveryougointheworld,trytoshowrespectforthevaluesofthecountryyouarein,youdonotnecessarilyagreewiththem.A.whateverB.evenifC.asifD.provided【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第46课CulturalTaboos第6段【释义】whateverpron.[连接代词]无论；什么都；〈俚〉究竟…什么evenifna.即使…也asif仿佛；好像；俨然；似乎；就跟…一样providedconj.如果；假如；在…条件下17、MainframeSoftwareCompanyitsclientscompletesatisfactionwithallitsproducts.A.requestsB.admitsC.agreesD.guarantees【参考答案】D【出处】托业考试（TOEIC试题【释义】这里要选择谓语动词。在空格之后是动词的双宾语itsclients禾口completesatisfaction。选项当中可以接直接宾语和间接宾语的只有guaranteeguarantee+人+物“向某人保证某事”。（A）request“要求”和（B）admit“同意”只能接一个宾语。（C）agree“同意”。18、Organicchemistryisbothintheanalysisofoilandgasandinthestudyofthediagenesisoftheplantandanimaltissuesinsediments.A.involvedB.evolutionC.revolvedD.evolved【参考答案】A【出处】2016版《通用选读》第31课PetroleumGeologyandOtherSciences第3段【释义】beinvolvedinna.被包入；被卷入漩涡；参与；涉及；介入19、Managersneedtomonitorinflationsotheycanmakegooddecisions.A.emergencyB.trendC.paceD.schedule【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第47课ManagingInaGlobalEnvironment第10段【释义】emergencyn.突发事件；紧急情况trendn.趋势；动向；趋向；动态pacen.步伐；节奏；步速；（移动的）速度schedulen.日程安排；明细表；工作计划20、Hefailedagaininthedrivingtest.Idon'tknowwhyhewassonervous.A.intheearthB.ontheearthC.inearthD.onearth【参考答案】D【出处】2016年中石油职称英语考试模拟试题二【释义】intheearth在泥土里；在地下；在地里ontheearthinearthonearthadv.在地球上在土壤中究竟，到底，固定搭配，为程度副词。GrammaticalStructureSectionADirections:Therearesomeincompletesentencesinthispart.BeneatheachsentenceyouwillseefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet.21、Ifyoudon'tagreetoourplan,.A.eithertheywillB.neitherwilltheyC.sodon'ttheyD.sotheywon'tneither【参考答案】B【解析】句意：如果你不同意我们的计划，他们也不同意。表示某人也不怎么样,用neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语。所以选B。22、HespeaksEnglish,butnothissisterdoes.

A.aswelllikeB.sowellasC.likegoodasD.asgoodas【参考答案】B【出处】2011年中石油职称英语考试真题【解析】句意：他会说英语，但不好他的姐姐说的好。23、Youaresupposedeverythingreadybynow.A.togetB.gettingC.tohavegotD.havinggot【参考答案】C【解析】句意：到目前为止你应该把一切都准备好了。此题考动词搭配。besupposed后要接不定式，即besupposedtodosth.表示“应该"。此句中“bynoW表示动作应已完成，所以不定式要用完成时态，故C为正确答案。24、Thecommitteerecommendsthatthematteratthenextmeeting.A.bediscussedB.maybediscussedC.wouldbediscussedD.willbediscussed【参考答案】A【解析】recommends出现，应用虚拟语气，完整的为shouldbediscussed,should省略了。当主句的谓语动词为suggest,propose,advise,insist,order,demand,require,request,desire等表示“建议"、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时，其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”（在美国英语中should省略）。25、TheUniversityofMichigan，in1817,islocatedmAnnArbor,Michigan.A.whichwasfoundB.whichwasfoundedC.founding【参考答案】C.founding【参考答案】B【解析】befoundedD.thatwasfound成立；被建立；被发现26、Beforetheenvelope,pleasebesureyouhaveenclosedallofthedocumentslistedinyourorientationpacket.A.sealingB.issealedC.wassealedD.seal【参考答案】A【解析】考察分词结构，当两句相连时，如果两句的主语相同，可以省略一个主语。但是动词如果是主动式则改为现在分词，若动词如果是被动式，则保留过去分词。本题原本应该是「Beforeyousealtheenvelope」，但因为连接的两句主词都是you，所以将「beforeyousealtheenvelope」改为分词结构的「beforesealingtheenvelope」。27、Toprotectthecameralens,besuretoreattachthelenscoverreturningthecameratoitscase.

A.whenB.whatA.whenB.what【参考答案】AC.whetherD.why28、You__herintheofficeA.musthaveseen28、You__herintheofficeA.musthaveseenC.needn'thaveseen【参考答案】Bcan'thaveseenD.mighthaveseen【解析】考查情态动词的完成式。整句意思：你上周五不可能在她办公室看到她了,她出城已经有两个星期了。musthavedone过去一定做了，can'thavedone过去不可能做了，needn'thavedone过去本不必做而做了，mighthavedone过去可能做了。29、Asageneralrule,snakesuniessoffended.A.havenotbittenB.donotbitewillnotbebitingD.arenotbiting【参考答案】B【解析】本题指的是通常状态下，所以要用一般现在时。句意：一般情况下蛇不会咬人，除非被冒犯。offendedv.冒犯；得罪；触怒（offend的过去式和过去分词）;使反感令人不适。30、IguessJonesdidn'thaveachaneetowintheelection.___thepeopleinthecityvotedforhisopponent.A.MostofallB.AlmostallofC.MostallofD.Almostthewholeof【参考答案】B【出处】2016大纲模拟试题二第26题【解析】句意：我猜想琼斯是不可能在选举中获胜了，几乎所有的市民都投了他的对手的票。此题考查词的搭配。mostofall大多数；almostallofthepeople几乎全部人们；C项搭配不正确；D项的whole一般不指代人。SectionBDirections:Inquestions31-40eachsentencehasfourunderlinedwordsorphrases,markedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonewordorphrasewhichisincorrectandmustbechangedtomakethesentencecorrect.Thenmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet.31、OneofthemuchdiscussingquestionstodayhastodowithwhetherornottheteachingofABCreadingshouldstartinthekindergarten.D【参考答案】A。改为：muchdiscussedquestions32、Whenasevereankleinjuryforcedherselftogiveupreportingin1926,MargaretMitchellABCbeganwritinghernovelGonewiththewind.D【参考答案】G改为：her33、ThebiggerofallnineplanetsinthesolarsystemisJupiter.ABCD【参考答案】A。改为：biggest34、TherearevineyardsinCaliforniathatproductsomeofthebestwineintheworld.ABCD【参考答案】B。改为：produce35、RapidlyfallenoilpricescausedOPECministerstomeetandplanastrategy.ABCD【参考答案】Bo【出处】2016大纲模拟试题二第37题【解析】改为：B应改为falling36、ItisaphenomenonknownastemperatureinversionwhatcausestheworstsmoginplacesABCsuchasLosAngles.D【参考答案】B【出处】大纲模拟试题五第32题【解析】改为：B应改为that。此题考查强调句型。本句为It引导的强调句型，后面应用that，而不是what。37、NewshoppingmallisbeingplannedfortheresidentialareawherenewhomesarebeingbuiltABCatarapidrate.D【参考答案】A【出处】2016大纲模拟试题五第37题【解析】A应改为Anewshopping。此题考查冠词。单数可数名词前必须有冠词。38、Theinstructorhadgoneovertheproblemsmanytimesbeforethestudentswilltakethefinalexamination.ABCD【参考答案】D【解析】D改为took。主句为过去完成时，故before引导的从句为过去时。39、Idon'tknowthatyoucanrecognizehimfromhere,buttheboyreadingthenewspaperisTom.ABCD【参考答案】A【解析】改为whether40、Thetestadministratororderedwenottoopenourbooksuntilhetoldustodo.ABCD【参考答案】B【解析】B改为us。CloseTestDirections:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Theweatheroftenchangeswhatpeopledoandhowtheydoit.Itisveryimportantinoureverydaylive.Meteorologistsarescientistswhotrytopredicttheweather.41dotheyfindoutthis_42_?For43scientiststriedtopredicttheweatherby44it.Thisdidn'tworkverywell.Evenifamanstandsonaveryhighmountain,hecanonlyseeasmallpartoftheweather.Then,in1820,aGerman

scientist45thatscientistscoulddrawamapofthewayweathermoves.Theweathertomorrowis_46_today.Itmaymoveas47as30milesanhour.Itmaymove725milesin24hour._48weathermoves,thebestwaytopredict49istousemaps.Youcanseeapictureoftheweatherforlargepartsofthecountryonamap.Winterstormsofrainand50willbe1,000mileswide.Onlyonamapcanmeteorologistsseeastormthisbig.In1820,itwasdifficulttomakesuchmaps.Whywasitdifficult?Thescientistsneededweatherreportstomakethemaps.Itwasnoteasytogetweatherreportsquickly.Todayweatherreportscanbeeasilyandquicklycollectedfromeverywhere.41、A.WhyB.WhenC.WhereD.How42、A.information42、A.informationB.newsC.experienee43、A.everB.ashortwhilefirsttime44、A.listeningtoB.lookingatdependingon45、A.insistedB.expected46、A.farawayfromB.overthereup47、A.fastB.soonC.48、A.IfB.UnlessThough49、A.itB.this50、A.cloudB.steamsnowD.wateradviceD.C.alongtimeD.theC.believinginD.C.showedD.agreedC.nearhereD.highfarD.slowC.BecauseD.C.thatD.oneC.D【解析】上文已经提到气象学家，是研究天气变化的科学家并试图预测天气，那么这句意思，按逻辑关系应该谈及预测方法。A【解析】句中的词组findout意为“查出、找到"，选项中advice意为“建议”，experienee意为“经验、体验”，information意为“信息”。C【解析】alongtime很长时间；很长一段时间。B【解析】believein意为“信仰”，dependon意为“依赖于”，lookat意为“看”C【解析】show意为“说明、证明”，agree意为“同意、赞同”，insist意为“坚持”。此句意为：1820年，德国一科学家证明可用天气变化图预测天气。并没有“同意”“坚持”的含义。A【解析】farawayfrom意为“远离”，此句意为“明天的天气状况距离今天很遥远。”A【解析】本句意思为：气象变动速度很快，每小时“快”达30英里。由下句可知这里指的是速度。C【解析】这是一个表示原因的状语从句。承接上下文，因为天气不断移动，所以最好的预测天气的办法是用图来表明。A【解析】在表示时间、距离、天气等时，代词应用“it”。C【解析】rainandsnow雨雪ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby4questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet.Questions51to54arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Althoughrecentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasing.Consequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozone(generatedbyphotochemicalreactionswithhydrocarbonsfromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions——shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile——istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleaner-burningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol.Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesbummorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbondsandthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargermolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbondsinvolvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshavesetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformaneeandfuelefficiency—andliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels:theyhavehigherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol'smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.Likeanyalternativefuel,methanolhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof“gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan“gasolineclone”vehiclesfueledwithmethanoltheywouldneedcomparativelylessfuel.Vehiclesincorporatingonlythesimplestoftheengineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.51、Accordingtothetext,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecausegasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure.gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules.thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbons.thecombustionofgasolineembracesanintricatesetofreactions.【原文出处】2016版通用选读第五课Carbon-basedAlternative。题目源自于考研、GRE等。【参考答案】D【解析】本题是一道指代词题型。根据题干中的“incompletecombustion”可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在第二段的第四句，该句中的指代词“these”暗示本题的具体答案信息来源应该在第二段的第三句。通过阅读和理解第二段的第三句可推导出本题的正确选项。52、Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutairpollution?Fewseriousattemptshavebeenmadetoreducetheamountofpollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehicles.Pollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehiclesarenotthemostcriticalsourceofurbanairpollution.Furtherattemptstoreduceemissionsfromgasoline-fueledvehicleswillnothelplowerurbanairpollutionlevels.Attemptstoreducethepollutantsthatanindividualgasoline-fueledvehicleemitshavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.【参考答案】C【解析】本题是一道审题定位题型。通过题干中的“airpollution”可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在第一段，因为第一段首句中含有“noxiouspollutants”，都在谈污染的问题。通过阅读和理解第一段，尤其是第一段尾句即全文的中心主旨句，可推导出本题的正确选项。这是一道比较难的题。考生在解题时一定要具备审题定位能力，还要具备归纳和推导能力。53、Whichofthefollowingmostcloselyparallelsthesituationdescribedinthefirstsentenceofthetext?Althoughatown'scitizensreducetheirindividualuseofwater,thetown'swatersuppliescontinuetodwindlebecauseofasteadyincreaseinthetotalpopulatingofthetown.Althoughacountryattemptstoincreasethesaleofdomesticgoodsbyaddingataxtothepriceofimportedgoods,thesaleofimportedgoodswithinthecountrycontinuestoincrease.Althoughatownreducesitspublicservicesinordertoavoidataxincrease,thetown'staxrateexceedsthatofothertownsinthesurroundingarea.Althoughastatepassesstrictlawstolimitthetypeoftoxicmaterialthatcanbedisposedofinpubliclandfills,illegaldumpingcontinuestoincrease.【参考答案】A【解析】这是一道类比题型，因为本题题干中含有“parallels”（与……相当，与……一样）一词。本题题干已将类比的参照对象确定在第一段的首句。通过仔细阅读和理解第一段的首句，可推导出本题的正确选项，因为该选项涉及的增减关系的前提条件和原文一脉相承。考生在破解这种题型时应对原文所表达的内容与关系有明确的认识和把握，不可以无根据地推导。54、Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthetextmostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolas.flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbased.inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics,arguments.misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocus.inaccuratebecauseitignoresconsumers,concerns.【参考答案】A【解析】这是一道细节推导题型。本题题干中的“thecriticismofmethanol”把本题的答案信息来源确定在第四段的第一、二句。通过阅读和理解这两句话，尤其是第二句话，就可推导出本题的正确选项。考生在破解本题时一定要注意第二句话的第一个词“Yet”在语意上所起的作用。考生在解题时一定要重视启承转合词的出现和功能。Questions55to58arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Formanytravelersthereisnothinglikeabigcity.Thebigcitiesofanationofferthingsthatareusuallynotfoundinotherplaces.Outstandingmuseums,plays,music,anddancegroupsareexamples.Shopsthatseemtoselleverythingunderthesun,greatbuildings,famousbusinesses,andveryfinerestaurantsalsoarecommon.Formanytravelers,therefore,thecityistheplacetobe.Yet,forsome,thecityhasbecomeaplacetofear.Theyseethecityasaplacewithtoomanypeople,toomuchtraffic,andyes,toomuchcrime.Hereareafewsuggestionsandsafetyruleswhichcanhelpthevisitortohavemorefunandfewerworries.Keeptheminmindthenexttimeyoutraveltoalargecitysothatyoucanmakethemostofyourvisit.Chooseahotelwhichhasagoodreputation.Dontchoosejustanyplacefromalistofhotelsandprices.Trytotalkwithsomeonewhohasbeenthere.Whenyougettoyourhotel,leaveanylargeamountsofcashandanythingelseofvalueinthehotelsafe.Takethemoutonlyasyouneedthem.Itiswisenottoshowalotofjewelryanyway.Ifyoumustkeepthingsofvalueinyourroom,atleastlocktheminasuitcasebeforeyougoout.Keepyoungchildrenwithyouatalltimes.Donotletthemwalkaroundwithoutyou.Domostofyourdaytimeandallofyournighttimesightseeinginthecity'smainareas.Gotootherareasonlywhenyouaresuretheyaresafe.Youcanwalksafelythroughmostbig-citystreetsfromaround8a.m.toearlyevening.Nevergotoparksandbeachesafterdarkorveryearlyinthemorning.Atnight,walkonbusy,well-lightedmainstreets.Donotwalkalone.Useataxiwhenthereisanyquestionofsafetyordistanee.Trytotakeataxiownedbyamajorcompany.Besureyoucanseethecitynumberontheoutsideandthedriver'spictureontheinside.Ifyouarenotsureofataxi,askyourhoteldoormanorbellcaptain.InNewYorkCityitisadvisabletotravelonlyinYellowCabs.Ifyouhavesmallchildrenwithyou,givethem,inwriting,thenameofyourhotel,itsphonenumber,andyourroomnumber.Tellthem,iflost,totellapolicemanorcallatelephoneoperatorfromapublicplaceofbusiness.Rememberthattherearelotsofpeopletohelpyou.Policemenandpeopleinhotels,restaurants,stores,andbankscangiveyoudirectionsandinformation.Millionsofpeoplevisitcitieseveryyearinperfectsafetyandhaveagreattime.Followthesesimplerulesandyoucantoo.55、Theauthorstatesthatbigcities.areusuallyverysafearemorefunthansmalltownsaretoodangerousformostvisitors.havealottooffer56、Thisarticlestatesthat.youshouldchooseahotelwithagoodreputationchildrenaresafeiftheyhaveadimeandaphonenumberalockedsuitcaseisthebestplaceformoneyandjewelryanyareaofabigcityissafeatnight57、Wecantellfromstatementsmadeinthisarticlethat__.thedrivershouldhavehisnamewrittenonhisuniformnoteverythingthatlookslikeataxiisapropersafetaxionlyyellowtaxisaresafetousealltaxidriversshouldhavetheirpicturesshowinginthefrontwindow

58、Thisarticleismainlyabout.choosingtherighthotelthecareofmoneyandotherthingsofvaluesafetyrulestofollowplanningthetrip【原文出处】2016版通用选读第27课WhenYouTraveltoaLargeCity【参考答案】DABDD【解析】“bigcities”是关键词，短文第一段。A【解析】第四段首句。一般来说，如果在文中没有出现带有“绝对”含义的词汇，如：B.aresafeif如果就是安全的，C.thebest最佳……，D.any……任何……，不会是正确答案。B【解析】与上一题相同的道理。only只有、all所有的。D【解析】很明显，A、B只是短文的一部分内容，CD容易被混淆。从第3段第一句话发现，本文是要提出“suggestionsandsafetyrules”，不仅仅是safetyrules，因此排除C。Questions59to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage:NegotiationTheincreaseininternationalbusinessandinforeigninvestmenthascreatedaneedforexecutiveswithknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandskillsincross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinaninternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts.Negotiatingistheprocessofcommunicatingbackandforthforthepurposeofreachinganagreement.Itinvolvespersuasionandcompromise,butinordertoparticipateineitherone,thenegotiatorsmustunderstandthewaysinwhichpeoplearepersuadedandhowcompromiseisreachedwithinthecultureofthenegotiation.Inmanyinternationalbusinessnegotiationsabroad,Americansareoftenappearstotheforeign

alargemulti-million-dollaroftenappearstotheforeign

alargemulti-million-dollarwithoutbargainingfurther.The

ofanimpersonalpurveyorofinformationandcash,animagethatsucceedsonlyinunderminingthenegotiation.InstudiesofAmericannegotiatorsabroad,severaltraitshavebeenidentifiedthatmayservetoconfirmthisstereotypicalperception,whilesubvertingthenegotiator'sposition.Twotraitsinparticularthatcausecross-culturalmisunderstandingaredirectnessandimpatieneeonthepartoftheAmericannegotiator.Furthermore,Americannegotiatorsofteninsistonrealizingshort-termgoals.Foreignnegotiators,ontheotherhand,mayvaluetherelationshipestablishedbetweennegotiatorsandmaybewillingtoinvesttimeinitforIong-termbenefits.Inordertosolidifytherelationship,theymayoptforindirectinteractionswithoutregardforthetimeinvolvedingettingtoknowtheothernegotiator.Clearly,perceptionsanddifferencesinvaluesaffecttheoutcomesofnegotiationsandthesuccessofnegotiators.ForAmericanstoplayamoreeffectiveroleininternationalbusinessnegotiations,theymustputforthmoreefforttoimprovecross-culturalunderstanding.59、Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthepurposeofnegotiation?Tounderminetheothernegotiator'spositionTocommunicatebackandforthToreachanagreementTounderstandthecultureofthenegotiators60、Theword“undermining”inthelastsentenceofparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.makingbriefmakingweakmakingknowmakingclear61、Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestatementinparagraph1:“Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinaninternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts”.Becausetheirtrainingisnotasgood,Americansarelesssuccessfulasnegotiatorsthantheirinternationalcounterparts.ForeignbusinesspersonsdonotliketonegotiatewithAmericans,whoarenotwelltrained.TrainingisnotavailableforAmericanswhomustinteractininternationalnegotiations.ForeignbusinesspersonsnegotiatelesseffectivelythanAmericansbecauseoftheirtraining.62、Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostprobablydiscusses.knowledgeofforeignlanguagesrelationshipsbetweennegotiatorswaystoincreasecross-culturalunderstandingtraitsthatcausecross-culturalmisunderstanding【出处】原文为新概念优美背诵短文50篇：国际商业和跨文化交流【参考答案】CBAC【解析】C第二段首句，关键词：purposeBunderminev.冲蚀；削弱…的基础；用阴险手段毁损。与下一段subvert同义subvertv.颠覆；暗中破坏；使背叛；使变节A这句话比较长，把几个转接词、连接词however、consequently去掉就容易理解了。C最后一段的最后一句话。【参考译文】国际贸易和海外投资的增加产生了对具有外语知识和跨文化交流技巧的经理的需求。然而，美国人在这两方面未得到良好的训练，因此没有在国际谈判中像他们的外国对手一样成功。谈判是为了达成协议而反复交流的过程。它包括说服和妥协。但是为了去进行说服和妥协，谈判者必须懂得在谈判的文化中怎样说服人和怎样达成妥协。在国外的国际商务谈判中，美国人被视为富有和不带个人情感。在外国谈判者看来，似乎美国人代表着一个庞大的拥有数百万资财的大企业，不用进一步地讨价还价就能出得起价钱。美国谈判者的角色变成了一个没有个人感情的信息及现金的供应者。对在国外的美国谈判者的研究中，我们找出了损害谈判者能力的几个特点，或许证实这个已成定式的看法。尤其引起跨文化误解的两个特点是美国谈判者的直截了当和缺乏耐心。此外，美国谈判者经常坚持实现短期目标，而外国的谈判者会珍视建立谈判者之间的联系并愿意为长期利益投入时间。为了巩固这种联系，他们会选择非直接的交流而不计较投入用于了解对方的时间。明显地，价值观的不同和理解上的差异影响了谈判的结果和谈判者的成功与否。美国人要在国际商务谈判中扮演更为有效的角色，他们就必须投入更多的努力提高跨文化的理解力。SectionBDirections.YoushouldanswerQuestions67-75whicharebasedonthefollowingpassages.Markyouranswerontheanswersheet.THEORIESofjobsatisfactionWhatmakessomepeoplemoresatisfiedwiththeirjobsthanothers?Whatunderlyingprocessesaccountforpeople'sfeelingsofjobsatisfaction?Insightintotheseimportantquestionsisprovidedbyvarioustheoriesofjobsatisfaction.Wewilldescribetwoofthemostinfluentialapproaches—Herzberg'stwo-factortheoryandLocke'svaluetheory.Herzberg'stwo-factortheoryThinkaboutsomethingthatmayhavehappenedonyourjobthatmadeyoufeelespeciallysatisfiedordissatisfied.Whatweretheseevents?OverthirtyyearsagoFrederickHerzbergposedthisquestiontomorethan200accountantsandengineers,andcarefullyanalyze