定语从句复习

2014届高考英语一轮语法专项复习定语从句指出下列句中画线部分的名称

Avirus

whichiscalledH7N9birdfluspreadsinShanghai.先行词关系词定语从句summary

(一）定语从句在复合句中的作用相当于_______词，在句中作______修饰___词或____词。被修饰的名词或代词称为______.定语从句一般放在先行词的_____.引导定语从句的词称为_______.形容定语名代先行词后面关系词

（二）限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：（3个方面区别）限定性定语从句与主句没有逗号分开，非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号分开。2）限定性定语从句对主句起修饰限制的作用，非限定性定语从句对主句起补充说明的作用。3）限定性定语从句翻译成“…..的”+先行词，非限定性定语从句，主句与从句翻译成并列句结构who,thatwhich,that,aswhom,that,whowhich,that,aswhose,ofwhomwhose,(prep.+)whichwhere/prep.+whichwhen/prep.+whichwhy/prep.+whichthat/prep.+which1.that先行词是人和物，that只能引导限定性定语从句，在从句中充当主语和宾语，做宾语可以省略1)Thestudents_______arevisitingthenatural

museumareveryinterestedinthedinosaurs.2).He’stheman________________youcandependon.3).Thetrain_____________heistravellingonisforHongKong.who/that(that/whom)(that/which)

下列情况只用that引导：先行词是不定代词：all,much,little,something,Everything,anything,nothing,noneAll________glittersisnotgold.Hetoldmeeverything________heknew.2.先行词被theonly,any,few,no,thevery,little等修饰时that

that

（that）Itistheverynovel________Ihaveeverread.(that)Australiaistheonlycountry______isalsoacontinent.下列情况只用that引导：3.先行词被最高级或序数词修饰或是形容词的最高级或序数词时：Thisisthemostinterestingfilm_____I’veeverseen4.先行词人和物两部分组成：Doyouknowthethingsandpersons_____theyaretalkingabout?(that)

（that）Itistheverynovel________Ihaveeverread.(that)2.which先行词是物，which可引导限定性和非限定性定语从句，在从句中充当主语和宾语，做宾语时，在限定性定语从句中可以省略1).YinchuanNo.1HighSchoolistheschool___________heisstudyingin.2).Thetree,_______measures90metres,isveryold.(that/which)which

2.在非限定性定语从句中，which可以指代整个主句，构成：主句，+whichmade/gave/meant/surprised/astonished…..1）Tomcamebacksafeandsound,______madeushappy.2)Hewonthefirstprizeinthiscontest,_________surprisedeveryone.whichwhich3.who先行词是人,who可以引导限定性和非限定性定语从句，在限定性定语从句中充当主语和宾语，在非限定性定语从句中做主语。1.Thestudents_______arevisitingthenatural

museumareveryinterestedinthedinosaurs.2.He’stheman________________youcandependon.3.Hehasasister,_____worksinBeijingwho/that(that/whom/who)who

下列情况只用who引导：1.先行词是人称代词（I,we,you,he,she,they等)1)I,_____amyourbestfriend,willhelpyououtoftrouble.2)He______doesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.注意：先行词是人称代词时，引导词在从句做主语时，从句的谓语动词要和先行词一致。2.先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时whoAnyone_____breaksthelawwillbepunished.whowho3.先行词是人名或独一无二的家庭成员时1）Mary,________comesfromAmerica,ismypen-pal.2)Hiswife,______isateacher,willretirethisyear.3）Einstein,_____isagreatscientist,putforwardtheTheoryofRelativity.whowhowho4.whom先行词是人,whom可以引导限定性和非限定性定语从句，在限定性定语从句中充当宾语,可以省略，在非限定性定语从句中做宾语，不能省略。1).He’stheman________________youcandependon.2).HehasasisterinEngland,_______heoftentelephones.(that/whom/who)whom

下列情况只用whom引导：1.先行词是人，介词+whom1)Therewasnooneto________shecouldturninsuchadarkstreet.2)Heistheteacher_____________weshouldlearnfrom.3)Heistheteacherfrom_______weshouldlearn.whomwho/that/whomwhom5.whose先行词人和物,whose可以引导限定性和非限定性定语从句，在定语从句中充当定语。Whose=the…ofwhich/whom1).Heisafamouspainter,______paintingsarehighlythoughtof.=Heisafamouspainter,_________thepaintingsarehighlythoughtof.=Heisafamouspainter,thepaintings_________arehighlythoughtof.whoseofwhom

ofwhom

2).Thebuilding_______roofwecanseefromhereisahotel.=Thebuilding__________theroofwecanseefromhereisahotel.=Thebuildingtheroof__________wecanseefromhereisahotel.whoseofwhich

ofwhich

6.where先行词是具体地点的名词或抽象地点的名词（point,situation,case,stage,condition,position,activity,life等），where可以引导限定性和非限定性定语从句，在定语从句中充当状语。where=介词+which2).Wehavereachedastage________wehavealmostnorightsatall.3)Wewereputintoaposition________________wehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportantorfightthegovernment.wherewhere/inwhich7.when先行词是表示时间的名词，when可以引导限定性和非限定性定语从句，在定语从句中充当状语。when=介词+which1).Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore..2).Ineverforgettheday_________Iwenttocollege.3)Ineverforgettheday________IspentinHainanlastsummervacationwhenwhich/thatwhen9.as:可以引导限定性定语从句：

thesame+先行词+as

such（a/an+adj)+先行词+as

so+adj+a/an+先行词+as

注：as在定语从句中充当主语或宾语1).Thisisthesamebook_____helentmelastweek.（不是同一本书）2)Thisisthesamebook________helentmelastweek.(同一本书）asthat3).Thisissuchaneasyquestion______Icananswer.(从句中缺宾语）4)Thisissuchaneasyquestion_______Icananswerit.(从句不缺宾语）5).Thisissoeasyaquestion______Icananswer.(从句中缺宾语）6)Thisissoeasyaquestion_______Icananswerit.(从句不缺宾语）asthatasthat9.as:还可以引导非限定性定语从句：

as指代整个主句，从句可以放在主句之前、之后、当中，构成：asisknowntoall,asweallknow,asisexpected,ashasbeensaid,ashasbeenreported,asisoftenthecase等

，注：as在定语从句中充当主语或宾语1).______weallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.2)Chinastillbelongstoadevelopingcountry,______isknowntoall.3)He,______isoftenthecase,smilestoall.asasasThisisthefactory_______Ionceworked.Thisisthefactory_________I’vevisited.Theday_________IalwaysrememberisOct.1Theday_____NanjingwasliberatedisSep.11.Thereason____hehasn’tcomeisthathehasbeenill.Don’tbelievethereason_________hegaveyou.试比较wherethat/whichthat/which

when

whythat/which巩固练习1.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,______theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.while B.there C.then D.where2.Thevillagehasdevelopedalot________welearnedfarming2yearsago.A.when B.whichC.that

D.where3.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.where B.that C.when D.which注意where引导定语从句时，先行词既可以是明确的地点，也可以是“抽象”的地点。引导这类定语从句的先行词有point,case,situation,scene,position,activity等

考点定语从句与别的从句或强调结构的区别1.定语从句与强调句型的区别判断是否是强调结构删除法

e.g.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthathedied?

例．---Wheredidyougettoknowher?---Itwasonthefarm_______weworked.A.thatB.thereC.Which

D.Where(注:与强调句型的结合.ItwasonthefarmwhereweworkedthatIgottoknowher)e.g.Youshouldleavethetoywhereyoucanfind.(地点状语)Istillrememberthebusstopwhere/atwhichImetyou.（定语从句）2.定语从句与地点状语从句的区别：看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句。3.定语从句与结果状语从句的区别：看从句的连接词是否在从句中做成分，做成分的是定语从句。e.g.Heissuchakindpersonaseverybodylikes.(定语从句)Heissuchakindpersonthateverybodylikeshim.(结果状语从句)4.定语从句与同位语从句的区别：看连接词是否在从句中做成分，做成分的是定语从句，不做成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的是同位语从句。e.g.Thenewsthathehadbeenbacksurprisedusall.

(同位语从句)Hehadtosettletheproblemwhichtheyleft.(定语从句)

考点四介词+关系代词引导定语从句时介词或关系代词的选择1.引导定语从句时，能用于介词+关系代词引导

定语从句的代词只有which和whom。介词的选择a.Thefarm

on

whichIonceworkedhastaken

onanewlooka.看与先行词的搭配b.Whoisthemanwith

whomourteacheris

shakinghands?b.看与定语从句中谓语动词的搭配c.Oursisabeautifulcountry,of

whichwe

aregreatlyproud.c.看与定语从句中形容词的搭配d.Thereareover3.000workers,eightypercentof

whomarewomen.表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时，用介词of2.当引导词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，介词可以提前放在which前，也可放于原来的位置，但在含有动词固定词组中，介词只能放于原来的位置。e.g.Thisistheroomwhich/thatLuxunusedtolivein.=ThisistheroominwhichLuxunusedtolive.Themanwho/whom/thatItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.=ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.Thisisthep