2018中考英语真题(北京卷)

12/122018年北京市高级中等学校招生考试英语试卷姓名_____________准考证号____________考场号___________座位号________考生须知1.本试卷共10页，共五道大题，39道小题，满分60分,考试时间90分钟。2.在试卷科和草稿纸上准确填写姓名，准考证号，考场号和座位号。3.试题答案律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4.有答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答5.考试结束，请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。知识运用(共14分)一、单项填空(共6分，每小题0.5分)从下面各题所恰的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.MybrotherandIlikefootball._________playittogetheronceaweek.A.I B.They C.We D.You2.Happybirthday,Peter!Here’sagift_______you.A.for B.in C.with D.from3.________doyouusuallygotoschool,Mary?Bybike.A.When B.HowC.Where D.from4.Manypeoplelikepandas_______theyarecute.A.though B.ifC.while D.because5.I_______gonow,orI'llmissmytrain.A.can B.mightC.must D.could6.Tonyis________ofthethreeboys,butheisthetallest.A.young B.younger C.youngest D.theyoungest7.Billlikesreading.He______picturebookswithhisdadeveryeveningA.read B.reads C.isreading D.hasread8.Paul,whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?I_______amovieinthecinemawithmyfriends.A.waswatching B.watchC.havewatched D.willwatch9.Davidisatennisplayer.He________toplaytenniswhenhewassixyearsold.A,beginsB.willbegin C.beganD.hasbegun10.Lucy,Isyouruncleateacher?Yes,heis.He________historyfornearly20years.A,teaches B.hastaught C.isteaching D,willteach11.Anewinternationalairport__________inthecitynextyear.A.completes B.iscompleted C.willcompleteD.willbecompleted12.Alice,couldyoutellme_________London.Sure.LastSunday.A.whenMr.Smithleft B.whenMr.SmithwillleaveC.whendidMr.Smithleave D.whenwillMr.Smithleave二、完形填空(共8分，每小题1分)阅读下面的短文,靠搾其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。RealSolutions(解决方法)toProblemsThirtyengineerswereworkingasateaminacompany.Theywereyoungandeagertolearn.Themanagementdecidedtoteachthemaboutfindingrealsolutionstoproblems.Oneday,theteamwascalledfora13inahall.Theywerequitesurprisedandallreachedthehallholdingvarious14.Astheyentered,theyfoundaboxplacedinthecenter,fulloffatballoons.Themanageraskedeveryonetopickaballoonandblowitup.Thentheywereaskedtowritetheirnamesontheirrespective(各自的)balloons15sothattheballoonswouldn'tblowout.Alltried,butnoteveryonewas16.Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure(压力).Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswere17outofthegame.Asaresult,25engineerscametothenextlevel.Alltheballoonscarryingtheirnameswere18andthenputintoaroom,hereandthere.Theengineersweretoldtopicktheballoonwithhisorhernameon.Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush.Itwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewasableto19therightone.Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover.Thencamethefinallevel.Theengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittothepersonnamedontheballoonwithinacoupleofminutes,allballoons20thehandsoftherespectiveengineers.Themanagerannouncedthiswastherealsolutiontotheproblem.Manytimeinourlife,sharingandhelpingothergiveusrealsolutionstoproblems.13.A.game B.show C.concert D.party14.A.purposeB.suggestionsC.thoughtsD.plans15.A.quietlyB.carefullyC.secretlyD.clearly16.A.honestB.readyC.patient D.successful17.A,checkedB.helpedC.ruledD.cheated18.A.collectedB.weighedC.tiedD.cleaned19.A.markB.hideC.numberD.find20.A.freedB.reached C.liftedD.hit阅读理解(共36分)三、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。(共26分，每小题2分)A＜20:35Hi,there!Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday.SomeofmyfriendsandAlan,mycousin,cametocelebrateit.Everyonebroughtmeagift.Wehadaparty.Weplayedgames,sangsongsandhadabigbirthdaycake.Itwasreallyawonderfulday!Didyoudoanythingspeciallastweek?RogerJessicaYes.Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek.First,wewenttotheUniversityofNorthCarolinatolearnaboutthehistoryofitsbasketballteam.Manybasketballstarswerestudentsthere!Thenwevisedamuseum.Welearnedabouthowtheplanewasinventedandtookmanypicturesthere.Well,Iwasluckyenoughtogotoaconference(会议)oncharity(慈善)lastWednesday.Iwassoexcitedtomeetalotofkindpeoplethere.OneofthemwasaboynamedRichard.Hespokeattheconferenceaboutthecharityworkthathehaddoneinthepastfewyears.SaraMartinItwasadifferentweekthanusual.LastThursday,myschoolband(乐队)wenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition.Iplayedtheviolinandwewonaprize!OnFriday,wewenttotheGeorgiaAquariumandgottoseedifferentkindsofsealifefromallovertheworld.Itwasreallycool!()21.WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty?A.LastWednesday B.LastThursdayC.LastFriday D.LastSaturday()22.Whowentonaschoolfieldtriplastweek?A.Alan. B.Jessica C.Sara D.Richard()23.MartinwenttoAtlantato______.A.speakataconference B.organizeapartC.performinacompetition D.visitauniversityBABeautifulMomentWhenIwasinhighschool,Iworkedpart-timehelpingDadsellfruitsandvegetablesatamarket.Oneday,asIwaspreparingthefruits,alittleboycamebywithhismomandsister.Hewasabouteightyearsold,andthegirl,fiveorsix.Theywerelookingatthefruitsinfrontofme.Iheardthekidssaytotheirmom(inFrench).“They’regood!”IknewitwasFrench,becauseIcanspeakandunderstandit.ThenInoticedhowthemomwaspickingthefruits.AtfirstIthoughtshewasreallylookingatthefruitsbecauseshewasfacingthem,butthenInoticedhowmuchshehadtofeelandsmelleachoneasshepickedthemout.Andsheoftenaskedhersonifitlookedokay,butlookedwayabovewherehisfacewas.PuttingwhatIsawtogether.Iwassureshewasblind.Bothofthekidscontinuedtohelptheirmompickoutthefruits.Thesonmadesurethefruitswerenotobviouslybad,andthedaughterhandedthemtohermom.Thewomanthenfelteachoneandsmiledandthedaughterwouldputthemintotheirbasket.Thekidsweresmilingwhilehelpingtheirmompickthefruitsout.Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesortoysinastoreforthemselves,insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruits,asthetwokidsdid.Itwasgreattowitnessthemoment,butnotsogreatbecauseIdidn’ttellthemomhowbeautifulherchildrenwereintheirlanguage.ThisiswhatIregrettothisday.()24.ThewomanandherkidscametothemarkettobuyA.fruits. B.vegetables C.candies D.toys()25.Accordingtowhathesaw,thewriterwassurethemothercouldn’t_______.A.speak B.seeC.smell D.hear()26.Thewriterwasmovedbecause___________.A.themotherwasbravetofaceherproblemsB.thekidswerepoliteandkindtoeachotherC.themotherwascarefulinpickingoutthingsD.thekidsweresowillingtohelptheirmotherCSomeprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmoregreenspacearound.Theyarelikelytocomewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterincertainareasofthebrain.Thesedifferencesareassociated(关联)withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction(认知功能).ThisisthemainconclusionofastudyledbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth.Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure(接触)togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecordedusingtheinformationonthechildren’saddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI).Workingmemoryandinattentiveness(注意力不集中)weregradedwithcomputers“Thisisthefirststudythatshowstheassociationbetweenlong-termexposuretogreenspaceandbrainstructure”saysDr.PayamDadvand,theleadingresearcherofthestudy.“Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain.”Thefindingsshowthatlong-termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhiteandgreymattervolumesinseveralpartsofthebrain.Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests.Moreover,largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandlessinattentiveness.Exposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildren.Anotherstudyof2,593childrenshowsthatchildreninschoolswithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemoryandagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness.Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature.Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchandlearn.Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery,creativityandrisktaking.Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.Dr.dadvand’sstudysuggestshowsuchstructuralchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreenspaceoncognitivedevelopment.Italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposuretogreennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasinggreennessincities.Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulations,settingsandclimates.Andresearchersneedtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace.()27.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout_______.A.howthestudywasperformedB.whatwasrecordedinthestudyC.howlongthestudylasted D.whotookpartinthestudy()28.Theword“prompt”inParagraph6probablymeans_______.A.control B.encourageC.balance D.change()29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Workingmemoryinfluenceswhiteandgreymatterinthebrain.B.Dr.Dadvandstressedtheimportanceofchangingtheenvironment.C.StudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutofSpain.D.Livingingreenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment.DWeoftenreachapointinourlifewhenweshouldbereadyforchangethatwillhelpusunlockourself-improvementpower.However,there’salwayssomethingstaringatusrightunderournosebutwedon’tseeit.Theonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsworst.Whendowerealizethatweneedtochangediets?Whennoneofourshirtsandjeanswellfitus.Whendowestopeatingcandiesandchocolate?Whenallofourteethhavefallenoff.Whendowerealizethatweneedtostopsmoking?Whenourlungshavegonebad.Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult.Theonlytimemostofuseverlearnaboutunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswhenthewholeworldisfallingapart.Wethinkandfeelthiswaybecauseitisnoteasytochange,butchangebecomesmorepainfulwhenweignore(忽视)it.Changewillhappen,likeitorhateit.Atonepointoranother,weareallgoingtofinallyunlockourself-improvementpowernotbecausetheworldsaysso,butbecausewerealizeit’sforourowngood.Happypeopledon’tjustacceptchange;theyembrace(拥抱)it.Unlockingourself-improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare.Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofearchange.Janealwaystellseveryonethatshedoesn’thavethecouragetobearoundgroupsofpeople.Sheheardherfamilytellthesamethingsabouthertootherpeople.Overtheyears,thatiswhatJanehasbelieved.Everytimeagreatcrowdcomes,shestepsbackandlocksherselfupinaroom.Janenotonlybelievesinherstory,butlivesit!Self-improvementmaynotbeeverybody’sfavoriteword,butifwelookatthingsinadifferentway,wemighthavegreaterchancesofenjoyingthewholeprocessinsteadofcountingthedaysuntilwearefullyimproved.Threesessionsinaweekatthegymwouldresultinahealthierlife.Readingbookseverydaywouldbuildupknowledge.Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself-improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwerebeginningtotakethingslightandbecomehappy.()30.ThewritermentionsthethreequestionsinParagraph2toshowthatA.welearnourlessonswhenweexperiencepainB.weareresponsiblefortheproblemswemeetC.lifefailsuswhenwegetintothewrongwayD.lifeisalongjourneyfullofupsanddowns()31.WhatisthekeytosolvingJane’sproblem?A.Sheneedstorememberwhyshestarted.B.Shehastoknowhowtogetonwithpeople.C.Shehastorealizesheisnotwhatsheisinherstory.D.Sheneedstounderstandtheimportanceofconfidence()32.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat_____.A.theworldtellsushowtoimproveourselvesB.peoplechangewhentheyfinditeasytodothatC.welcomingchangeinlifeisadrivetobecomebetterD.enjoyingtheprocessofself-improvementmakeslifesimpler()33.lWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Isitimportanttotakethingslight?B.Isitnecessarytoembracechallenges?C.Toholdontothelastmomentortogiveup?D.Tofreeourselvesoutoftheboxortostayinit?四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分,每小题2分)Whenitcomestothelettergradeonyourtestorhomework,youmightnoticethatthereisnoletterE.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhythatisso?IntheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem,thefirstfourlettersretypicallyconsideredpassinggrades.AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor"fail".Theword"fail"happenstostartwiththeletterF,whichseemstoleaveouttheletterE.Thefactofthematteristhatanylettercanmean"not-passing"or"fail".SomeschoolshaveUgradefor“unsatisfactory”,orIgradeforincomplete”.Evenwithallthissaid,weshouldalsopointoutthatEgradeactuallyhasbeenusedprettycommonlythroughoutthehistoryoflettergradesintheUS.ThefirstcollegeintheUstousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege.In1897,theybegantousethefollowinggradescale:A:95.100%(excellent)B:85-94%(good)C:76-84%(fair)D:75%(barelypassed) E:below75%(failed)WecanseetheinclusionofEinsteadofF.Gradually,thelettergradingsystembecamemorepopularthroughouttheUS.However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(证据)toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.Whydowehavelettergrades?Well,partofthereasonisthattheymadegradingsimplerduringatimeofgreatchangeforschools.Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.Today,moreandmorepeoplearguethatlettergradesdon'tfullyreflect(反映)studentlearning.However,asteacherstrytoimprovegradingmethods,manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids.Theyarefamiliar(熟悉)andeasyforparentstounderstand.Sowhiletheymightnotbeperfect,thelettergradesprobablyaren’tgoingawayanytimesoon.34.WhatdoesanFstandforintheA.BC,DandFgradingsystem?__________________________________________________________________35.WhenwasthelettergradingsystemfirstusedintheUScollege?__________________________________________________________________36.WhatisonepossibleexplanationfordroppingtheEgrade?__________________________________________________________________37.Whatdidmostteachersthinkofthelettergradingsysteminthe20thcentury?__________________________________________________________________38.Whydomanyparentsstillpreferthelettergradestoday?__________________________________________________________________书面表达(共10分)五、文段表达(10分)39．从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。题目①假如你是李华，你们学校将要举办一场关于京剧的讲座，你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter参加。请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他讲座的时间和地点，以及需要做什么准备。提示词语：lecture(讲座),Invite,information,question,online 提示问题：●Whenandwherewillyouhavethelecture?●WhatdoyouadvisePetertoprepareforit?DearPeter,Howisitgoing?There’llbealectureonPekingOperainourschool.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IfthereisanythingthatIcando,pleaseletmeknow.Yours,LiHua题目②“静以修身，俭以养德”，勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德。无论生活富足与否，我们都应该提倡节约，杜绝浪费。某英文网站正在开展以“节约是美德”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈生活中你是怎么做的，以及这样做的意义。提示词语：thrifty(节约的),save,turnoff,food,money,virtue（美德）提示问题：●Whatdoyoudoinyourdailylife?●Whydoyoudoso?It’soneofourtraditionalvirtuestobethrifty.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________