考研考博-英语-嘉兴职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-嘉兴职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.填空题

ThesedocumentsareallinChinese.Weneedto（1）themtranslated（2）Englishintime（3）themeetingwiththeforeignbusinessmen（4）Friday.

句意:这些文件都是汉语，我们需要在周五和外商开会前及时将他们翻译成英语。

【答案】1.get

2.into

3.before

4.on

【解析】1.语法题。使役动词get在这里表示“使翻译成…”。

2.固定搭配。Translate…into…将…翻译成…

3.语义题。句意:在会议开始之前。

4.语法题。考查介词。在具体的某天前用介词on。

2.翻译题

人类是一个不断自然进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的进程自45亿年前地球形成以来就一直未曾间断过。这一进化过程，受环境因素的影响，经过随机突变，形成了更具适应性的系统，从而保证了其连续性。在动物世界，这导致了更高级物种的进化，并在人类身上达到了极致，因为人类已经获得了创新思维的能力。我认为这标志着进化进入了一个非常重要的阶段，使一个物种首次有能力掌握了自身命运。

Directions:InthispartyouarerequiredtotranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteitontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】Humanbeingsaretheproductofacontinuousprocessofnaturalevolution,includingnumerousgenetictransformations:aninexorableprocessthathasbeengoingonuninterruptedsincetheearthformed4.5billionyearsago.Thisevolutionaryprocess,influencedbyenvironmentalfactors,throughrandommutation,formedamoreadaptablesystem,thusensuringitscontinuity.Intheanimalworld,thishasledtotheevolutionofhigherspecies,culminatinginhumans,whohaveacquiredtheabilitytothinkcreatively,thinkthismarksaveryimportantstageinevolution,thefirsttimeaspecieshasbeenabletocontrolitsowndestiny.

3.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.

在哥本哈根会议遇到困难，许多国家领导人准备打道回府的时候，我坚持同各方斡旋，与各国共同努力，最终达成哥本哈根协议。这个成果是来之不易的，也是在涉及各国重大利益问题上可能取得的最好成果。

哥本哈根会议结束以后，1月份我就致函联合国秘书长和丹麦首相，坚定地表示，中国高度评价和支持哥本哈根会议决议的立场。就在最近，我们又致函联合国，表示我们全面支持哥本哈根会议决议的立场，并且申明中国列入支持《哥本哈根协议》的名单国。

为什么总拿中国做文章？我至今不明白。气候变化问题关系到人类的生存，也关系到各国的利益，关系到世界的公平和正义。我们坚持“共同但有个别的责任”原则是完全正确的，我们将继续同世界各国一同推进应对气候变化的进程。

【答案】WhentheCopenhagenConferenceranintodifficultiesandmanyworldleaderswerereadytogohome,IinsistedonworkingwithallpartiesandothercountriestoreachanagreementinCopenhagen.Thisresultishard-won,anditisthebestthatcanbeachievedonissuesthataffecttheinterestsofallcountries.

AftertheCopenhagenConference,IwroteletterstotheUNSecretary-GeneralandtheDanishPrimeMinisterinJanuary,firmlystatingthatChinahighlyvaluesandsupportstheCopenhagenConferenceresolution.Justrecently,wewrotetotheUnitedNations,expressingourfullsupportfortheCopenhagenConferenceresolutionandaffirmingChina’sinclusioninthelistofcountriessupportingtheCopenhagenAccord.

WhydoyoualwaysmakeanissueofChina?Istilldon’tunderstand.Climatechangeconcernsnotonlythesurvivalofmankind,butalsotheinterestsofallcountriesandthefairnessandjusticeoftheworld.Itisentirelycorrectforustoadheretotheprincipleof“commonbutseparateresponsibilities”.Wewillcontinuetoworkwithothercountriestotackleclimatechange.

4.不定项选择题

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanicactivityknownashotspots.Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.

Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain;theyarealsoalignedfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,withthemostrecentvolcanicactivityneartheireasternterminuses.

ThatthePacificplateandtheotherplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute;therelativemotionoftheplateshasbeenreconstructedindetail.HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso.Severalstudiessupportsuchanassumption,includingonethathasshownthatprominenthotspotsthroughouttheworldseemnottohavemovedduringthepasttenmillionyears.

Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecomestorestoverahotspot,materialwellingupfromdeeperlayersformsabroaddomethat,asitgrows,developsdeepfissures.Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates,sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability.

23.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

24.Accordingtothepassage,hotspotsdifferfrommostvolcanoesinthathotspots（）.

25.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatevidencefortheapparentcourseofthePacificplatehasbeenprovidedbythe（）.

26.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthespreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspotsindicatesthata（）.

27.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge?

28.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldbestsupporttheauthor’sstatementthathot-spotactivitymayexplainthemutabilityofcontinentalplates?

29.Theauthor’sargumentthathotspotscanbeusedtoreconstructthemovementofcontinentalplatesisweakenedbythefactthat（）.

30.Theauthor’sstylecanbestbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.describethewayinwhichhotspotsinfluencetheextinctionofvolcanoes

B.describeandexplaintheformationoftheoceansandcontinents

C.explainhowtoestimatetheageoflavaflowsfromextinctvolcanoes

D.describehotspotsandexplainhowtheyappeartoinfluenceandrecordthemotionofplates

E.describetheformationandorientationofislandchainsinthePacificOcean

问题2选项

A.canonlybefoundnearislands

B.areactivewhereasallothervolcanoesareextinct

C.aresituatedclosertotheearth’ssurface

D.canbefoundalongtheedgesoftheplates

E.havegreateramountsofalkalimetalsintheirlavas

问题3选项

A.contoursofthecontinents

B.dimensionsofoceanhotspots

C.concurrentmovementoftwohotspots

D.patternoffissuresintheoceanfloor

E.configurationsofseveralmid-oceanislandchains

问题4选项

A.hotspotisactive

B.continentalplatehasmoved

C.continentalruptureisimminent

D.hotspothadbeenmovingveryrapidly

E.volcanocontainslargeconcentrationsofalkalimetals

问题5选项

A.Thethreechainsofislandsaremovingeastward.

B.Alltheislandsinthethreechainshavestoppedmoving.

C.Thethreeislandchainsarearesultofthesameplatemovement.

D.TheHawaiianIslandsarerecedingfromtheothertwoislandchainsatarelativelyrapidrate.

E.TheAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidgechainshavemovedclosertogetherwhereastheHawaiianIslandshaveremainedstationary.

问题6选项

A.Hotspotsmovemorerapidlythanthecontinentalandoceanicplate.

B.Hotspotsarereliableindicatorsoftheageofcontinentalplates.

C.Hotspotsareregionsofvolcanicactivityfoundonlyintheinteriorsofthecontinentalplates.

D.ThealignmentsofthehotspotsinthePacificOceanparallelsthealignmentofthePacificOceanislands.

E.ThecoastlinesofAfricaandSouthAmericasuggestthattheymayoncehaveconstitutedasinglecontinentthatrupturedalongalineofhotspots.

问题7选项

A.hotspotsareneverfoundattheboundariesofplates

B.onlyextinctvolcanoesremainafteraplatemovesoverahotspot

C.lavaflowpatternsforallhotspotshavenotbeenshowntobethesame

D.theimmobilityornearimmobilityofhotspotshasnotbeenconclusivelyproven

E.thechangingconfigurationsofislandsmakepinpointingthelocationsofhotspotsdifficult

问题8选项

A.dramatic

B.archaic

C.esoteric

D.objective

E.humanistic

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:E

第3题:E

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:E

第7题:D

第8题:D

【解析】23.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。各选项的意思是：A：描述热点如何影响火山的灭绝；B：描述并解释海洋和大陆的形成；C：解释如何估计死火山熔岩流的年龄；D：描述热点并解释它们如何影响和记录板块的运动；E：描述太平洋岛链的形成和方向。本文介绍了火山活动地区，即热点，并且详细解释了它们是如何影响和记录板块运动的：除了作为参照系外，热点显然还影响着推动板块横穿全球的地球物理过程。因此D项正确。

24.【试题答案】E

【试题解析】细节事实题。各选项的意思是：A：只能在岛屿附近找到；B：是活火山，而其他的都是死火山；C：离地球表面更近；D：可以沿着板块的边缘找到；E：熔岩中有更多的碱金属。根据题干关键词hotspots以及volcanoes可定位至第一段：Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins（与大多数火山不同的是，热点很少出现在构成地壳的大陆板块和海洋板块的边界上；大多数热点位于板块内部深处，并固定在地球表面的深层。热点与其他火山的区别还在于它们的熔岩，这些熔岩比那些来自板块边缘的火山含有更多的碱金属）。由此可知，E项“熔岩中有更多的碱金属”正确。

25.【试题答案】E

【试题解析】判断推理题。各选项的意思是：A：大陆的轮廓；B：海洋热点尺寸；C：两个热点同时移动；D：海底裂缝的模式；E：几个大洋中部岛链的构造。根据题干关键词Pacificplate可定位至第二段：Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain（在某些情况下，板块经过热点时会留下死火山的痕迹，就像风吹过烟囱时会喷出一股浓烟一样。夏威夷群岛似乎就是这样形成的，由一个单一的熔岩源从热点涌出，太平洋板块大致经过热点从东到西北，伴随着一系列年龄不断增长的火山，另外两个太平洋岛链——南海岭和土阿莫土海岭——平行于夏威夷岛链的结构）。由此可知太平洋板块明显的运动轨迹的证据是由几个大洋中部岛链的构造提供的，故选E项，其余选项并不符合题意。

26.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。各选项的意思是：A：热点是活跃的；B：大陆板块移动了；C：大陆破裂迫在眉睫；D：“热点”移动得非常快；E：火山含有大量的碱金属。根据题干关键词spreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspots可定位至第三段：Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence（大陆板块是静止的最有力的证据是，在一些热点地区，几个时代的熔岩是重叠的，而不是按时间顺序排列的），而该句前面指出：Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit（热点提供了测量仪器，可以用来解决这样一个问题：两个大陆板块是朝相反的方向移动，还是一个静止不动而另一个正远离它而漂移）。因此，B项“大陆板块移动了”是正确选项。

27.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。各选项的意思是：A：这三个群岛正在向东移动；B：三个岛链上的所有岛屿都停止了移动；C：这三个岛链是同一板块运动的结果；D：夏威夷群岛正以相对较快的速度从其他两个岛链中撤退；E：南海岭和土阿莫土海岭链越来越靠近，而夏威夷群岛则保持不变。根据题干关键词theHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge可定位至第第二段：Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain（在某些情况下，板块经过热点时会留下死火山的痕迹，就像风吹过烟囱时会喷出一股浓烟一样。夏威夷群岛似乎就是这样形成的，由一个单一的熔岩源从热点涌出，太平洋板块大致经过热点从东到西北，伴随着一系列年龄不断增长的火山，另外两个太平洋岛链——南海岭和土阿莫土海岭——平行于夏威夷岛链的结构）。因此，C项“这三个岛链是同一板块运动的结果”正确，其余选项均不符合原文所述。

28.【试题答案】E

【试题解析】判断推理题。各选项的意思是：A：热点比大陆和海洋板块移动得更快，原文并未提及；B：热点是大陆板块年龄的可靠指标，原文并未提及；C：热点是仅在大陆板块内部发现的火山活动区，第一段指出：mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface（大多数热点位于板块内部深处，并固定在地球表面的深层），原文只是说“大多数”，因此C项错误；D：太平洋热点的排列与太平洋岛屿的排列是平行的，原文并未提及；E：非洲和南美洲的海岸线表明，它们可能曾经构成了一个单一的大陆，然后沿着一系列热点断裂。根据题干关键词mutability可定位至最后一段最后一句：sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability（因此，热点活动可能会提出一种理论来解释它们的可变性），前面作者指出：Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates…（在某些情况下，大陆板块可能会沿着一些裂缝完全断裂，这样热点就会引发新的海洋的形成，因此，就像早先的理论解释了大陆板块的流动性一样），因此E选项“非洲和南美洲的海岸线表明，它们可能曾经构成了一个单一的大陆，然后沿着一系列热点断裂”能够最好证明作者观点：热点活动可以解释大陆板块的可变性。

29.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。各选项的意思是：A：在板块的边界永远不会发现热点；B：当板块移动到一个热点上时，只有死火山仍然存在；C：并不是所有热点的熔岩流模式都是一样的；D：热点的不动性或接近不动性尚未得到决定性的证明；E：岛屿不断变化的形状使得确定热点的位置变得困难。题干问的是作者认为热点可以用来重建大陆板块运动的论点被以下哪一项驳斥了？根据题干可定位至第三段：HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily（然而，板块相对于地球内部的相对运动并不容易确定）.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit（热点提供了测量仪器，可以用来解决这样一个问题：两个大陆板块是朝相反的方向移动，还是一个静止不动而另一个正远离它而漂移）.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence（大陆板块是静止不动的最有力证据是，在一些热点地区，不同年代的熔岩是重叠的，而不是按时间顺序分散开来的）.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso（当然，从热点火山的轨迹重建板块运动假设热点是不动的，或者几乎是不动的）。由此可知，热点的不动性或接近不动性尚未得到决定性的证明，故选D项。

30.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。各选项的意思是：A：戏剧的；B：陈旧的；C：深奥难懂的；D：客观的；E：人道的。题干问的是作者的行文风格，本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了火山活动地区，即热点，并且详细解释了它们是如何影响和记录板块运动的。因此作者行文的风格可以用“客观”来形容，故选D。

5.单选题

IV.CriminalLaw

Threatstonationalsecurityandpublicsafety,whetherrealorperceived,resultinanatmosphereconducivetotheabuseofcivilliberties.Historyislitteredwithexamples:TheAlienandSeditionActsof1798,thesuspensionofhabeascorpusduringtheCivilWar,thePalmerRaidsduringWorldWarI,andMcCarthyismintheaftermathofWorldWarII.

Unfortunately,thepost-9/11worldrepresentsnodeparturefromthisage-oldtrend.Evidenceofpost-9/11tensionbetweennationalsecurityandcivillibertiesisseenintheheightenedregulationofphotography;scholarshavelabeleditthe“WaronPhotography”—aconflictbetweenlawenforcementofficialsandphotographersovertherighttotakepicturesinpublicplaces.Inmanycases,policeofficersandprivatesecurityguardshaveinvokedblanketnotionsof“nationalsecurity”toprohibitthepressandprivatephotographersfromtakingpicturesofstructuresthatareinplainviewofthegeneralpublic.Inothercases,lawenforcementofficialshaveusedbroadlywordedcriminalstatutessuchas“obstructionofjustice”or“interferingwithapoliceofficer”toprohibitthepressandprivatephotographersfromtakingpartinwhatisconstitutionallyprotectedbehavior.AsimpleGooglesearchrevealscountlessincidentsofoverzealouslawenforcementofficialsdetainingorarrestingphotographersand,inmanycases,confiscatingtheircamerasandmemorycards,despitethefactthattheseindividualswereinlawfulplaces,atlawfultimes,partakinginlawfulactivities.

Foratleasttworeasons,theargumentthattheheightenedregulationoftherighttotakepicturesinpublicplacesenhancesnationalsecurityorpublicsafetyisdeeplyflawed.

First,theprevailingevidenceindicatesthattheperpetratorsofpastterroristattacksneverphotographedtheirtargets.Whywouldtheyneedto,afterall?TheInternetandmoderntechnologyhavemadeitpossibletoobtainpicturesofmoststructures,especiallyoneslocatedinurbanareas,withtheclickofamouse.Forexample,GoogleEarthprovidesimagesofalmostanyaddressinthecountryfromavarietyofdistancesandangles.

Second,evenifterroristsdidphotographtheirtargets,itwouldbetotallyimpracticaltotrytostopthem.QuestioningforthepurposeofidentifyingpotentialterroristspersonstakingpicturesoftheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCityortheWhiteHouseinWashington,D.C.,makeslesssensethantryingtofindaneedleinahaystack,because,chancesare,theneedledoesnotexist.

1.Theauthorusestheexamplesinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat___.

2.Whichofthefollowingdescribes“WaronPhotography”mostproperly?

3.ThereasonsusedbylawenforcementofficialstoprohibitpeoplefromtakingpicturesofstructuresthatareinthegeneralpublicDONOTinclude___.

4.Theauthorthinksthattoprohibittakingpicturesinpublicplacesenhancesnationalsecurityorpublicsafetyisdeeplyflawed.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareason?

问题1选项

A.duringtheCivilWarhabeascorpuswassuspended

B.aftertheWorldWarIItherewasforaperiodoftimeMcCarthyism

C.theAlienandSeditionActswasadoptedin1798

D.nationalsecurityandpublicsafetymaycauseanatmosphereencouragingtheabuseofcivilliberties

问题2选项

A.Itisawarbetweenlawenforcementofficialsandphotographers.

B.Itisthetensionbetweennationalsecurityandcivilliberties.

C.Itisafightbetweenpolicemenandphotographersovertherighttotakepicturesinpublicplaces.

D.Itisadeparturefromtheage-oldtrend.

问题3选项

A.nationalsecurity

B.overzealousnessoflawenforcementofficials

C.obstructionofjustice

D.interferingwithapoliceofficer

问题4选项

A.Tofindoutpotentialterroristsisliketryingtofindaneedleinahaystack.

B.Theperpetratorsofpastterroristattacksneverphotographedtheirtargets.

C.Thereisnoneedtotakepicturesbecausemoderntechnologyhasmadeitpossibletoobtainpicturesofmoststructures,withtheclickofamouse.

D.Itisdifficulttryingtofindoutthepurposeoftakingpictures.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段Threatstonationalsecurityandpublicsafety,whetherrealorperceived,resultinanatmosphereconducivetotheabuseofcivilliberties.Historyislitteredwithexamples:TheAlienandSeditionActsof1798,thesuspensionofhabeascorpusduringtheCivilWar,thePalmerRaidsduringWorldWarI,andMcCarthyismintheaftermathofWorldWarII.（对国家安全和公共安全的威胁，无论是真实的或感觉的，都会导致一种有利于滥用公民自由的气氛。历史上这样的例子不胜枚举：1798年的《外国人和煽动叛乱法》、内战期间暂停人身保护令、一战期间的帕尔默突袭，以及二战后的麦卡锡主义）可知选D选项“国家安全和公共安全可能会造成鼓励滥用公民自由的气氛”；A选项“在内战期间，人身保护令被暂停”，B选项“第二次世界大战后有一段时间是麦卡锡主义”以及C选项“《外国人和煽动叛乱法》于1798年通过”都是举例的内容。因此D选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“WaronPhotography”定位到原文第二段scholarshavelabeleditthe“WaronPhotography”—aconflictbetweenlawenforcementofficialsandphotographersovertherighttotakepicturesinpublicplaces.（学者们称之为“摄影之战”，指的是执法人员和摄影师在公共场所拍照权问题上的冲突）可知选A选项“这是一场执法官员和摄影师之间的战争”，同时可知C选项“这是警察和摄影师在公共场所拍照权问题上的一场斗争”错误，执法人员并不是只有警察；B选项“这是国家安全和公民自由之间的紧张关系”在原文中未提及；根据第二段第一句Unfortunately,thepost-9/11worldrepresentsnodeparturefromthisage-oldtrend.（不幸的是，9/11后的世界并没有背离这一古老的趋势）可知D选项“它背离了古老的趋势”和原文相悖。因此A选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段AsimpleGooglesearchrevealscountlessincidentsofoverzealouslawenforcementofficialsdetainingorarrestingphotographersand,inmanycases（一项简单的谷歌搜索就可以发现无数的过分热情的执法人员拘留或逮捕摄影师的事件）可知B选项“执法人员过于热心”并不是执法人员禁止人们在公共场所拍摄建筑物的原因；根据第二段Inmanycases,policeofficersandprivatesecurityguardshaveinvokedblanketnotionsof“nationalsecurity”toprohibitthepressandprivatephotographersfromtakingpicturesofstructuresthatareinplainviewofthegeneralpublic.（在很多情况下，警察和私人保安会援引“国家安全”的笼统概念来禁止媒体和私人摄影师拍摄公众视野范围内的建筑物）可知A选项“国家安全”符合原文；根据第二段Inothercases,lawenforcementofficialshaveusedbroadlywordedcriminalstatutessuchas“obstructionofjustice”or“interferingwithapoliceofficer”toprohibitthepressandprivatephotographersfromtakingpartinwhatisconstitutionallyprotectedbehavior.（在其他案件中，执法官员使用“妨碍司法公正”或“干扰警察”等措辞宽泛的刑事法规，来禁止媒体和私人摄影师参与受宪法保护的行为）可知C选项“妨碍司法”，D选项“干扰警察”符合原文。因此B选项符合题意。

4.事实细节题。根据原文定位到最后一段QuestioningforthepurposeofidentifyingpotentialterroristspersonstakingpicturesoftheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCityortheWhiteHouseinWashington,D.C.,makeslesssensethantryingtofindaneedleinahaystack,because,chancesare,theneedledoesnotexist.（为了识别拍摄纽约帝国大厦或华盛顿白宫的潜在恐怖分子而进行询问，比大海捞针更没有意义，因为很有可能，针根本不存在）可知A选项“要找出潜在的恐怖分子就像大海捞针”和原文相符；根据第四段First,theprevailingevidenceindicatesthattheperpetratorsofpastterroristattacksneverphotographedtheirtargets…TheInternetandmoderntechnologyhavemadeitpossibletoobtainpicturesofmoststructures,especiallyoneslocatedinurbanareas,withtheclickofamouse.（首先，现有证据表明，过去恐怖袭击的肇事者从未拍摄过袭击目标的照片……互联网和现代技术使人们可以用鼠标点击获得大多数建筑物的图片，特别是位于城市地区的建筑物）可知B选项“过去的恐怖袭击的肇事者从来没有拍摄过他们的目标”，C选项“不需要拍照，因为现代技术已经使大多数建筑物的照片成为可能，只需点击鼠标”符合原文；D选项“试图找出拍照的目的是困难的”原文未提及。因此D选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Thepriestmadetheofthe（

）crosswhenheenteredthechurch.

问题1选项

A.mark

B.signal

C.sign

D.gesture

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:牧师进入教堂之前比划了一个十字。

Signofthecross为固定搭配，意为“十字架”,mark标记,记号;signal信号;gesture手势,makeagesture做手势；摆...姿态,但是通常不和thecross连用。故选C。

7.单选题

Whileadmiringthatthisforecastwas（）uncertain,thescientistswarnedagainsttreatingitasacryofwolf.

问题1选项

A.anyhow

B.somewhere

C.somewhat

D.anyway

【答案】C

【解析】副词辨析。句意：虽然承认这次预报不确定，但科学家仍警告不要把它当作危言耸听。anyhow总之，无论如何；somewhere在某处，到某处；somewhat有点，稍微；anyway总之，无论如何。因此，C项符合句意。

8.单选题

Nobodywouldexpectacitywatersystemdesignedfor1mresidentstobeabletohandlea1,000-foldincreaseinpopulationinjustafewyears.Yetthatiswhattheinternet’sfundamentaladdressingschemehashadtoaccommodate.WhenthenetworkwasfirstestablishedtherewereonlyahandfulofcomputercentresinAmerica.Insteadofchoosinganumberingsystemthatcouldsupportafewthousandormillionaddresses,theinternet’sdesignersforesightedlyoptedforonethatcouldhandle4billion.Butnoweventhatisnotenough.

Theaddressingsystem,calledinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4),cannotkeepupwiththefloodofcomputers,mobilephones,hand-heldgadgets,gamesconsolesandevencarsandrefrigeratorsfloodingontothenetwork.Nearly85%ofavailableaddressesarealreadyinuse;ifthistrendcontinuestheywillrunoutby2011,theOrganisationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,athink-tankforrichcountries,warnedinMay.

Theshortageisnottheonlyproblem;sotooisgrowingcomplexity.IPv4addressesareallocatedinblockstonetworkoperators.Thepathtoreacheachnetworkispublishedonagloballistthatisconstantlyupdated.Bigcomputers,calledrouters,usetheseentriestoguidetheflowoftrafficacrosstheinternet.Butasmoredevicesandnetworkslinktotheinternet,itbecomesnecessarytosubdividetheaddressblocksintoever-smallerunits.Thisrisksovertaxingthemillionsofroutersthathandletheinternet’straffic,whichmustberegularlyupgradedtokeepup.WeretherenoalternativetoIPv4,partsoftheinternetwouldeventuallysufferfromsporadicoutages.

Fortunatelyanewsystemdoesexist,calledinternetprotocolversion6,whichprovides3.4X1038addresses.ThismeansIPv6addressescanbeallocatedtonetworkoperatorsandcompaniesinmuchlargerquantities.Italsoprovidesacleanslateforestablishingnewpathsovertheinternet,reducingcomplexity.Butswitchingmeansupgradingmillionsofdevices.

Infact,supportforIPv6isalreadywidelyavailableinsoftwareandhardware,butithasnotbeenusedmuch.OnlyafewresearchinstitutionsandtheAmericangovernmenttooktheIPv6plungeearlyon.(InAmericaallfederalagenciesmustbecapableofusingIPv6byJune30th2008,byexecutiveorder.)

Butinrecentmonthsthepaceofchangehaspickedup.InFebruaryMrVixie,anetworkengineer,flippedaswitchthatmeansdomainnamescannowmapontoIPv6addresses.Thismayheraldmorewidespreadadoptionofthenewprotocol,sinceitmeansthatanyorganisationcanuseIPv6addresseswithitsdomainnames,anduserscanaccessthemwithoutspecialrigging.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwemayinferthatthedesignoftheinternet’sfundamentaladdressingschemeis（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theaddressingsystemIPv4（）.

3.Thepotentialproblemwithinternetprotocolversion4todayisthat（）.

4.ItisimpliedthatIPv6addresses（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.over-populated

B.verypopular

C.outofdate

D.ratherirrational

问题2选项

A.willrunoutby2011

B.cannotkeepupwithsomuchinformation

C.isover-loadedwithtoomanyfunctions

D.isdamagedbyathink-tankforrichcountries

问题3选项

A.nearly85%ofavailableaddressesarealreadyinuse

B.carsandrefrigeratorsarefloodingontothenetwork

C.itisgrowingintoakindofcomplexity

D.thereisashortageofavailableaddressesinthenearfuture

问题4选项

A.arenotverypopularforsometechnicalreasons

B.areproducedinmuchlargerquantities

C.areupgradingmillionsofdevices

D.canbeanalternativetoIPv4

问题5选项

A.Theinternet’sfundamentaladdressingscheme

B.Theprincipleofinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4)

C.Thepotentialproblemwiththeexistingaddressingsystem

D.Analternativeinternetprotocoltodealwithaddressshortage

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据原文第一段的首句“Nobodywouldexpectacitywatersystemdesignedfor1mresidentstobeabletohandlea1,000-foldincreaseinpopulationinjustafewyears.没有人会想到，一个为100万居民设计的城市供水系统，能够在短短几年内应对人口增长1000倍的情况。”以及最后两句“Insteadofchoosinganumberingsystemthatcouldsupportafewthousandormillionaddresses,theinternet’sdesignersforesightedlyoptedforonethatcouldhandle4billion.Butnoweventhatisnotenough.互联网的设计者深谋远虑地选择了能够处理40亿个地址的编号系统，而不是能够支持几千或几百万个地址的编号系统。但现在，即使这样也还不够。”由此可知，这个设计是不合理的，因为没有考虑到人口暴增的问题，所以选项D正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第二段的第一句“Theaddressingsystem,calledinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4),cannotkeepupwiththefloodofcomputers,mobilephones,hand-heldgadgets,gamesconsolesandevencarsandrefrigeratorsfloodingontothenetwork.这个被称为互联网协议4(IPv4)的寻址系统无法跟上涌入网络的电脑、