(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课件选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists (含详解)

Unit1

ScienceandScientists【话题词汇】1.potentialadj.潜在的2.innovationn.创新；改革3.universen.宇宙4.wondern.奇迹5.digitaladj.数字的；数码的6.artificialadj.人工的7.intelligencen.智能8.advancedadj.先进的9.automaticadj.自动的10.convenientadj.便利的，方便的11.diligentadj.勤奋的12.considerateadj.考虑周到的13.strong­willedadj.意志坚强的主题语境：人与社会(科学与科学家)【话题短语】1.inthefieldof在……领域2.havemaderapidprogressin在某方面取得很大的进步3.findacurefor找到一个……的治疗方法4.receivetheNobelPrize获得诺贝尔奖5.facethechallenge面对挑战6.devoteoneselfto致力于7.scientificresearch科学研究8.setoutanewscientificidea开创科学新观点9.findaproblem发现问题10.findsupportingevidence找到支持的证据【话题佳句】1.Itisscienceandtechnologythatmakeourlifemoreconvenient.是科技使我们的生活更加方便。2.Sostrongmindedwashethathecouldkeepupuntilhesucceeded.他意志很坚强，他会继续做下去直到成功。3.Inthelastdecades,advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletolivelongerthaninthepast.在过去的几十年里，医疗技术的进步使人们有可能比过去活得更长。【话题练习】1.However,educatedbyhismother,hetookaninterestinreading.然而，由于母亲的教育，他对读书产生了浓厚的兴趣。2.Hefellinlovewithscienceanddevotedhimselftoit.他迷上了科学并且致力于它。Ⅰ.重点单词1．________________adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的2．________________adj.相互矛盾的；对立的3．________________v.倾倒4．________________adj.数量多的；多种多样的5．________________vt.&vi.怀疑；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人6．________________n.概念；观念7．________________adj.生的；未经处理的severe

contradictory

pour

multiple

suspect

conceptraw8．________________n.影子；阴影9．________________n.思想；思维10．________________adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的11．________________n．&adj.混凝土；确实的，具体的12．________________adj.优秀的；杰出的13．________________adj.大量的；价值巨大的14．________________adj.聪颖的；绝妙的15．________________vt.&n.责怪；指责shadow

thinking

solid

concrete

outstanding

substantial

brilliant

blameⅡ.拓展单词1．______vt.使感染，传染→________n.感染；传染→________adj.传染的2．____________adj.相互矛盾的→________v.与……矛盾3．________n．&vt.&vi.减少；降低→(反)________n.增加，提高4．________vt.保卫；防守→________n.防御，防守5．________vt.&vi.改变；转变→____________n.改变；转变infect

infection

infectious

contradictory

contradict

decrease

increase

defend

defence

transform

transformation

6．________v.帮助→________n.助理；助手→________n．帮助，援助7．________n．礼物；天赋v.赋予→________adj.有天赋的，有才华的8．________vi.认购(股份)，定期订购→________n．订阅，订购9．________adj.最初的，开始的→________adv.最初，首先10．________adj.干净的；纯的→________n.纯洁，纯粹→________v.净化；使纯净assist

assistant

assistance

gift

gifted

subscribe

subscription

initial

initially

pure

purity

purify联想拓展dis­否定前缀高频词集锦①dislikevt.不喜欢②disagreevi.不同意③disappearvi.消失④disappointvt.使失望⑤discouragevt.使气馁⑥discovervt.发现⑦disobeyvt.违反⑧distrustvt.不信任en­前缀和­en后缀改变词性①rich→v.enrich使富裕②able→v.enable使能够③large→v.enlarge使扩大④sure→v.ensure确保；担保⑤strength→v.strengthen加强；巩固⑥short→v.shorten缩短；使变短Ⅲ.核心短语1．________________最终地；彻底地2．________________幸亏；由于3．________________最重要的是；尤其是4．________________追溯到5．________________突然开始；爆发6．________________主管；掌握7．__________________________劝阻某人不要做某事8．________________理论框架9．________________熟悉10．________________指出onceandforallthanksto

abovealltracebacktobreakout

inchargeof

discouragesb.fromdoingsth.theoreticalframework

befamiliarwith

pointout联想拓展与“性格”有关的形容词小结①stubborn固执的②easy­going随和的③outgoing外向的④gentle温和的⑤optimistic乐观的⑥outspoken坦率的“埋头于；专心于”的多种表达①belostin②beburiedin③beoccupiedin④beabsorbedin⑤bedevotedto⑥applyoneselftoⅣ.重点句型1．比较级与否定词连用，

表示最高级Toaperson,_______________________theirlife.对于一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵了。2．“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构Theteachertaughtthestudents____________________.老师教学生们如何做试验。3．so...that...引导结果状语从句Sheis_______________wealllikeher.她是一个如此可爱的女孩，我们都喜欢她。nothingismorepreciousthanhowtodotheexperimentsolovelyagirlthat高频考点探究Ⅰ.核心词汇1．blamedvt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于；n.过失；责备【典型例句】Insteadofblamingeachother，weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers'place.我们应该多交流、

换位思考而不是相互责怪。

(1)blamesb.forsth.因某事而责备某人blamesth.onsb.把某事怪到某人头上betoblame应受责备；应负责任(2)bear/taketheblamefor...对……负责lay/puttheblameforsth.onsb.

把某事归咎于某人身上【练透考点】单句语法填空/完成句子①________(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork，Alicewasinlowspirits.②Inmyview，LiHua，whobroketheschoolrule，was________(blame)．③Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning，andputtheblame________thealarmclock.④她经常抱怨在工作上没有感觉到受重视。Sheoften______________________________atwork.Blamed

toblameon

complainsaboutnotfeelingappreciated【佳句背诵】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse'sfault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。2．transformvi.&vt.改变，转变；使改变【教材原句】Moreover，inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.另外，斯诺利用他对地图和数据的使用，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。(教材P3)

(1)o...把……变成……transformsb./sth.from...把某人/物从……中转变(2)transformationn.改变，

变革

【练透考点】单句语法填空①Everymomentofeveryday，energyis______________(transform)fromoneformintoanother.②Thepasttenyearshaswitnessedacomplete________________(transform)ofmyhometown.③Inonly20yearsthecountry________________(transform)intoanadvancedindustrialpower.beingtransformed

transformation

hasbeentransformed【佳句背诵】YourgeneroushelpandtendercaretransformedmyfirstAmericantripintoanunforgettablememory.你们的慷慨帮助和关怀使我的第一次美国之行成为一个难以忘怀的记忆。3．suspectvt.&vi.怀疑，不信任；n.犯罪嫌疑人【教材原句】Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.(教材P2)斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。

常用“vt.＋

sb.＋

ofsth.”的短语warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事accusesb.ofsth.控告某人某事curesb.ofsth.给某人治愈某病；改正(某人的不良行为)informsb.ofsth.告知某人某事convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事remindsb.ofsth.使某人回想起某事【练透考点】单句语法填空①Thepolicesuspectedhim________carryingdrugssotheywentthroughhisbag,butfoundnothing.②Thephotosremindme________theolddayswhichwespenttogether.③________(suspect)therewassomethingveryunusualaboutthemurder，thepolicemanreturnedtothescenetosearchformoreevidence.ofof

Suspecting【佳句背诵】Someparentshesitatetotakethesestepsbecausetheysuspectthattheirchildisexaggerating.一些家长迟迟不肯采取这些措施，因为他们怀疑自己的孩子在夸大其词。4．assistvt.帮助；协助；援助【典型例句】

Anursewhounderstandsthehealingvalueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.了解沉默的治愈价值的护士有助于照顾来自自己文化或其他文化的病人。(1)assistsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事assistsb.in/withsth.帮助某人某事assistsb.indoingsth.帮助某人做某事(2)assistancen.帮助；协助cometoone'sassistance援助某人beofassistancetosb.有助于某人withtheassistance/helpof在……的帮助下【练透考点】单句语法填空①Whenintrouble，hisfriendsalwayscometohis________(assist)．②Marywaschosenasan________(assist)tohelpMr.Brownfinishhisresearch.③Tomisan________teacherinthecollege.Heoften________thestudentswiththeirproblemsandgivesassistancetoanystudentinneed.(assist)assistance

assistant

assistant

assists【佳句背诵】ToassistthestudentstolearnChinesebetter，ourschoolhasdecidedtodonatesomebookstoyourChineseclass.为了帮助学生学好汉语，我们学校决定给你们中文班捐赠一批图书。5．linkn.联系，纽带；vt.把……连接起来，相关联系【教材原句】SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.(教材P3)后来，斯诺发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。(1)把A与B连接/联系起来(2)belinkedwith/to与……有联系/有关(3)linkup(with)(与……)结合，连接(4)Thereisalinkbetween...and...

……和……之间有联系“把A与B连接/联系起来”的其他表达法：berelatedtobeinvolvedinbeassociatedwithhavesomethingtodowithbeconnectedwithjoin...to...connect...with/to...【练透考点】单句语法填空①Thereisconvincingevidencethatskincancer________(link)toexposuretothesun.②________(link)armswithoneoftheinstructors,Ihelpedcarrytheyoungmanoutofthewater.③Whetherpollutionisdirectlylinked________thediseaseisunderdebate.islinkedLinkingto【佳句背诵】Thereisnodenyingthatlungcancerislinkedtosmoking.毫无疑问，肺癌和抽烟有关。Ⅱ.核心短语6．onceandforall最终地；彻底地【教材原句】However，heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.(教材P2)然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。allatonce突然；同时atonce立刻，马上onceandagain一而再，再三【练透考点】单句语法填空①Wehavetoresolvethismatteronce________forall.②All________oncetherewassomeoneknockingonthedoor.③Hewaspunishedonce________againfortellinglies.and

at

and7．breakout(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发【教材原句】However，aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932，QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.(教材P7)然而，在1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。breakin强行进入；打断breakthrough突破；冲破breakup破碎；解散；分手breakoff断开；中断；停顿breakawayfrom逃脱；脱离breakinto强行闯入；突然开始breakdown出故障；垮掉【练透考点】用break的短语填空①He________________myhouseandstolemymoney.②Themeeting________________ateleveno'clock.③Hedecidedtobreak______fromhomeaftergraduation.brokeintobrokeup

away【佳句背诵】Ifyougoonworkinglikethat，youwillbreakdownsoonerorlater.如果你继续像那样工作的话，你迟早会累垮的。8．inchargeof主管；掌管【教材原句】Hereceivedahero'swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina'srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.(教材P8)他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。

takechargeof掌管/负责……inchargeof控制/管理……freeofcharge免费地insb.'scharge＝inthechargeofsb.

由……主管(含被动意义)【练透考点】用charge的短语完成句子①公司管理很差，直到她掌管为止。Thecompanywasbadlyorganizeduntilshe_______________.②演员们都愿意免费出演。Theperformershaveallofferedtheirservices__________________.③当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。Thecompany___________________whenthebossisaway.＝Tomis________________________whenthebossisaway.

tookchargeofitfreeofcharge

isinthechargeofTom

inchargeofthecompanyⅢ.典型句式精析9．Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。【典型例句】Ifyouarefree,nothingwillbebetterifyoucancometoChinatoattendatraditionalwedding.如果你有空的话，

要是你能来中国参加一场传统婚礼那就最好了。【句式分析】比较级与否定词连用，

表示最高级。

表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：never＋比较级nothing/no＋so＋原级＋as...nothing/no＋比较级＋than..比较级＋than＋【练透考点】完成句子①在我看来，

在生活中健康是最重要的。Inmyopinion,________________________healthinlife.②汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。Tomismoreintelligent__________________________________inhisclass.③再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。____________________________________mylife.

nothingismoreimportantthan

thananyotherstudent/alltheotherstudentsNootherbookhashadagreatereffecton10．Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。【典型例句】Itwassofunnyajokethatwecouldn'thelpburstingintolaughter.这个玩笑是如此得好笑以至于我们情不自禁地放声大笑。【句式分析】

(1)so＋that...(2)such＋that...在“so...that...”和“such...that...”结构中，当“so/such...”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。【练透考点】完成句子①这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。________________afilm________________asecondtime.②她工作这么努力，我们都很敬佩她。________________________________________________________③他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。Soclearly___________________hecanalwaysmakehimself________.ItissogoodthatI'dliketoseeit

Sheworkssohardthatweallrespecther.doeshespeakEnglishthatunderstood

【佳句背诵】KeepingalearningdiaryeverydayissoimportantthatIwouldliketointroduceittoyou.每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。Ⅰ.高考能力同步化——单句语法填空/单词拼写1．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Linkingarms________oneoftheinstructors,Ihelpedcarrytheyoungmanoutofthewater.2．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Regardlessoftheriskofgetting________(infect),UncleLiisresponsibleanddevotedtohisjob.3．[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikely________(recover)atafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.4．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvivid________(describe)ofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.5．Then,_________(处理)themostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseofachievement.withinfected

torecover

description

handle

6．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]For________(assist),pleasecallQueenslandRailon131617.7．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]AfterthatI________(pour)oilintoapanandturnedoffthestove.8．[2018·江苏卷]ButtheinformationIgotwasrichandvaried,oreven____________.(相互矛盾)9．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]InSamarkand,Mr.Bisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhen________(suspect)ofdrugdealing.10．[2020·江苏卷]Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderable____________.(transform)

assistancepoured

contradictory

suspected

transformationⅡ.必备知识试题化——选词填空suspect；blame；subscribe；decrease；link；handle；pour；transform；outstanding；defend1．I________toamorningpaper.2．Weall________thetruthofthereport.3．Mybrotherbrokethewindow，butIgotthe________.4．Doyouknowhowto________themachine?5．Istherea________betweenlungdiseaseandsmoking?6．Theunemploymentrateofthecountry________lastyear.7．Anewcolourschemewill________yourbedroom.8．Andy________theglassfullandliftedittoBobby.9．Theaccusedmanhadalawyerto________him.10．Herlatehusbandwasan___________scientist.subscribed

suspect

blame

handle

link

decreased

transform

poured

defend

outstandingⅢ.教材语篇高考化——语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeared1.________(disease)intheworld.Whenyoung，JohnSnowbecame2.________(frustrate)becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Hedesired3.________(destroy)choleraonceandforall.Hethoughtcholerawascausedbyan4.________(infect)fromgermsinfoodorwater.Consequently，whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854，Snowbegantoinvestigateby5.________(mark)onamaptheexactplaceswhereallthose6.________diedhadlived.diseases

frustrated

todestroy

infection

marking

who

Atlast，JohnSnowfoundthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts，thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsaw7.________substantialdecrease.However，choleraisstillaproblem.Fortunately，wenowknowhowtopreventcholera，thanks8.________theworkofJohnSnow.Moreover，inhisuseofmapsandstatistics，Snow9.__________(transform)thewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason，