儿科医学词汇

儿科医学词汇儿科学Pediatrics儿童保健Child疾病防治Diseaseprevention营养基础Basalnutrition婴儿喂养Infants'营养不良Malnutrition小儿肥胖obesityinChildhood解剖Anatomy生理生化Physiologyand营养代谢NutritionandMetabolism免疫Immunity病理Pathology疾病的种类Varietyof临床表现ClinicalSituation诊断Diagnosis治疗：Treatment预后：Prognosis预防：Prevention胎儿期：FetalStage胚卵期Ovigerm胚胎期EmbryoStage新生儿期：Neonatal脐带Omphalus足月儿Term早产儿Premature过期产儿PosttermInfant围产期Perinatalstage婴儿期：Infancy幼儿期：Toddler学龄期：Schoolage青春期：Adolescence遗传inheritance性别sex内分泌endocrine孕母情况mother's营养nutrition生活环境livingenvironment急性感染acuteinfection慢性疾病chronicdisease消化道疾病diseaseofdigestivetract内分泌疾病endocrinedisease先天性疾病congenital体格生长：Physiquegrowth摄入不足insufficiencyof胎粪排出excretionofmeconium水分丢失lossofmoist生长高峰summitofgrowth卧位clinostatasm站立位erect头顶vertex耻骨联合上缘superiormarginofpubicsymphysis足底sole脐nave头围：HeadCircumference胸围：Chest颅骨：Cranium颅缝cranialsutures前囟anterior后囟posterior脊柱：Rachis长骨：LongBone干骺端Metaphysis软骨骨化Cartilaginousossification骨膜下成骨Subperiosteum乳牙deciduousteeth恒牙permanentteeth（乳牙）萌出eruption神经系统nervous脊髓spinalcord运动发育：Motordevelopment发音器官organsofvoicing听觉senseofhearing大脑语言中枢cerebrallanguage语言交流communication护理：Nursing计划免疫：Planned心理卫生：MentalHealth生活习惯livinghabit社会适应能力socialadaptation亲情parent-child健康查体：PhysicalExamination随访follow-up户外活动openfieldactivity身体抚触strokingmassage窒息apnea中毒intoxication外伤trauma预防接种：Vaccination主动免疫Active被动免疫passive预防接种vaccination小儿传染病infectiousdisease卡介苗BacillusCalmette-Guerinvaccine,BCGvaccine脊髓灰质炎疫苗PolimyelitisVaccine麻疹疫苗MeaslesVaccine百白破三联疫苗Pertussis-Diphtheria-Tetanustriple乙肝疫苗HepatitisBvaccine初种primaryvaccination复种revaccination不良反应reaction热量的需要：CaloricRequirement基础代谢：BasalMetabolism排泄Excretion蛋白质：Protein碳水化合物：Carbohydrate脂肪：Fat维生素：Vitamins水溶性维生素：Water-soluble脂溶性维生素：Fat-solubleVitamin矿物质：Mineral膳食纤维：DietaryFiber母乳喂养：Breast母乳的成分：ComponentofMother'sMilk免疫物质：immunematerial免疫球蛋白：Immune补体：Complement溶菌酶：Lysozyme双歧因子：BifidusFactor细胞成分：ComponentsofCells精神障碍：Mentaldisordersinfectious断奶：Weaning人工喂养：Bottle-Feeding稀释：Dilution加糖：AddSugar煮沸：Boiling定时定量：TimeandrationedFeeding个体差异：IndividualDifference混合喂养Mixed大小便：Defecation代授法：Breast-bottle-feeding补授法：SupplementalFeeding辅食添加：TheIntroductionofsolidfood营养不良Malnutrition代谢异常DevelopmentalandMetabolicDisorder临床分型：Clinicaltyping消瘦型Marasmus浮肿型EdemaMalnutrition消瘦－浮肿型Marasmus—Edema病因：EtiologicalFactor摄入不足：DeficiencyofIntake辅食添加不及时：IntroductionofSolidFood饮食结构不合理：IncorrectComponentsofDiet不良饮食习惯：BadEatingHabit消化吸收障碍：DisorderofDigestionandAbsorption消化道先天畸形：CongenitalAnomalyofDigestive先天性代谢障碍：CongenitalDysbolism消化功能紊乱：DisorderofDigestiveFunction需求增多：RequirementIncreases生长发育迅速的时期：Theperiodwhenchildrengrowrapidly疾病恢复期：RecoveryPhaseofdiseases双胎或多胎：TwinsorMultiplets早产：Premature消耗性疾病Consumptions代谢异常：Dysbolism机体各系统功能低下：IncapacityofBody消化系统：DigestiveSystem循环系统：Circulatory泌尿系统：UrinarySystem神经系统：Nervous免疫系统：ImmuneSystem临床表现：Clinical皮下脂肪SubcutaneousFat躯干TrunkBreech四肢Extremities面颊Cheeks皮肤Skin干燥Dehydration苍白肌肉Muscles松弛Laxity萎缩精神状态Mental萎靡Dispirited反应差LowResponse；全身症状General并发症：Complication营养性贫血：NutritionalAnemiaKindsof感染：Infections低血糖：Hypoglycemia诊断标准：StandardofDignosis分型：Types分度：Degrees实验室检查：LaboratoryExamination鉴别诊断：DifferentialDiagnosis治疗原则：TherapeuticPrinciple综合治疗ComprehensiveTreatment治疗方法：TherapeuticMethodl章。积极治疗原发病：CurethePrimaryDisease饮食治疗：DietTherapy药物治疗：DrugTreatment支持治疗：SupportingTherapy危重症处理：TreatmentinCrises度营养不良伴腹泻时的治疗SevereMalnutritioncompaniedby营养不良性水肿的治疗NutritionalEdema蛋白质缺乏综合症（恶心营养不良综合症）Kwashiorkor添加辅食：Instructionofsolidfood睡眠充足：SufficientSleepingandTreatmentofCongenitalDiseasesAcuteInfectiousDiseases孕期保健与产前诊断：HealthCareinPregnancyandPrenatalDiagnosis新生儿筛查：NeonatalScreeningCongenital按时预防接种：Vaccinationontime定期体格检查：RegularPhysicalExamination营养障碍性疾病Dystrophy病因及病理生理：EtiologicalFactorandPathophysiology单纯性肥胖：SimpleObesity摄入过多：Excessive活动过少：LackofMovement家族遗传：InheritanceandMental继发性肥胖：Seconda