考研考博-英语-南阳理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南阳理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

TheBritisharistocracyhadalwaysbeeninvolvedinindustrialization,especiallyinthedevelopmentofmining,canals,andrailways.Itnowshrewdlyassociateditselfwiththenewwaveofcommercialexpansion:mostbanksandinsurancecompanieshadalordtoaddtonetothemanagerialboard.Italsoshoredupitsfortunesbyastutemarriages,notablywiththenewaristocracyofwealthintheUnitedStates;thebest-knownexamplewasthemarriageofthedukeofMarlboroughtoConsueloVanderbilt.Bythesemeans,manyofthegreataristocraticestateswerepreserveddespiteagriculturaldecline.Buttheywereplaythingsaswellasenginesofwealth,andcametobetreatedassuch.Thearistocracycametobeknowntotheurbanpopulationchieflythroughtheirrepresentationinthepopularpressandmagazinesasmenandwomenofleisure:racing,hunting,shooting,andfishinginthecountry,gamblingandattendingtheseasoninLondon.Inapopulationforwhichleisurewasbecomingincreasinglyimportant,thisdidnotmakethearistocracyunpopular.

1.Inthesecondsentenceofthispassage,"hadalordtoaddtonetothemanagerialboard"meansthat______.

2.The“astutemarriages”inthepassagereferstomarriagesbetween______.

3.Judgingfromthecontentofthepassage,ConsueloVanderbiltwas______.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

问题1选项

A.thebanksandinsurancecompanieswouldhirealordontheboardtogiveadvicetotheirmanagement

B.havinglordsinvolvedinthemanagementgavethebanksorcompaniesaverygoodpublicimage

C.lordsworkedforthebanksandinsurancecompaniestobringinmoreprofits

D.ithadbecomeafashiontohavealordonthemanagerialboardofabankoracompany

问题2选项

A.BritisharistocracyandrichAmericanentrepreneurs

B.oldBritisharistocraticfamiliesandnewlyknightedaristocracyofwealth

C.aristocraticfamiliesandnewbusinessfamiliesofmoneyandenterprises

D.biglandlordfamiliesintheBritishcountrysideandrichAmericantycoonsofindustry

问题3选项

A.Male,andfromarichbusinessfamilyintheUnitedSates

B.Female,andfromaBritishwealthyfamilyofindustry

C.Male,andfromarichindustrialfamilyofBritain

D.Female,andfromanentrepreneurfamilyinAmerica

问题4选项

A.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsweretreatedasdecorationsinpubliclifeandwereusedtomakemoneybypress.

B.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsweretoysoftherichcapitalistsandweremadetoearnprofitsforthem.

C.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsactedasplaymatesofpeopleinpleasure-seekingsuchashunting,fishing,andshooting.

D.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratswerepopularfiguresinadvertisementsbecausetheylivedaleisurelylife.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.语义题。题干：在这段话的第二句中，“hadalordtoaddtonetothemanagementboard”的意思是_______。通过全文可知贵族“…theywereplaythingsaswellasenginesofwealth…”，让他们进入商界只是为了良好的公众形象。因此B选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：中所说的“精明的婚姻”是指_____。文中提到，贵族涉足商业的一种方式是银行和大企业管理层中有贵族任职，还有一种方式就是通过在美国和财富新贵结婚维持自己的财富。因此C选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：从这篇文章的内容判断，ConsueloVanderbilt是_______。根据关键词定位到第三句的实例，例证贵族也会通过精明的婚姻来维持财富，结婚对象是Duke“公爵”。因此D选项符合题意。

4.判断推理题。题干：下列哪种说法是对的？文中说到，贵族是受人摆布的人，又是创造财富的工具，与A选项符合。

2.单选题

Somepeoplesaythatthestudyofliberalartsisauselessluxurywecannotaffordinhardtimes.Students,theyargue,whodonotdevelopsalableskillswillfinditdifficulttolandajobupongraduation.Butthereisaprobleminspeakingof“salableskills.”Whatskillsaresalable?Rightnow,skillsformakingautomobilesarenothighlysalable,buttheyhavebeenfordecadesandmightbeagain.Skillsinteachingarenotnowassalableastheywereduringthepast20years,andthepopulationchartsindicatetheymaynotbesoonagain.Homeconstructionskillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates.What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusivelyonwhatissalable,onewillhavetomakethecourseveryshortandchangethemveryoften,inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket.Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.

ASchoolthatdevotesitselftotallytosalableskills,especiallyinatimeofhighunemployment,sendingyoungmenandwomenintotheworldarmedwithonlyanarrowrangeofskills,isalsosendinglambsintothelion’sden.Ifthosepeoplegainnothingmorefromtheirstudiesthansupposedlysalableskills,andcan’tmakethesalebecauseofchangesinthejobmarket,theyhavebeencheated.Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough.Flexibility,anabilitytochangeandlearnnewthings,isavaluableskill.Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.

1.Fromthispassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorisinfavorof

______.

2.Theword“fluctuate”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingismorelikelytogetajobintimesofhighunemployment?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,indevelopingacurriculumschoolsshould______.

问题1选项

A.teachingpracticalskillsthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket

B.aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes

C.aliberaleducation

D.keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket

问题2选项

A.remainsteady

B.changeinanirregularway

C.followasetpattern

D.becomeworseandworse

问题3选项

A.Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself

B.Aconstructionworker

C.Acarrepairman

D.Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills

问题4选项

A.predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket

B.takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration

C.considerwhatskillaresalable

D.focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.（在一个人们可以自由学习他们想要的东西、在他们想要的地方工作、在他们想要的地方投资的社会里，我们不可能使劳动力的供求完全一致）可知作者没有特地支持哪一种教育，而是支持他们自由地学习。C选项“自由的教育”，符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“教授一些实用的技能，这些技能可以在当前的就业市场上得到销售”，作者在文中写到，不确定哪些技能值得推销，可排除A选项。B选项“随时代变化的灵活课程”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“保持劳动力市场供求平衡”，文章提到并不能做到劳动力供求一致，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段Homeconstructionskillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates（随着就业市场的波动，住房建造技能的变化是销售能力变化的另一个例子）。选项B“不规则的变化”，文章所说，就业市场的波动，可以理解为不规则的变化，选项B正确。选项A“保持稳定”，不符合文章的内容，可排除。选项C“依照成法”，不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“日就衰败”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough（但如果这些技能很受欢迎，如果学习能让他们更好地了解周围的世界，并能更好地适应不断变化的世界，那么他们就没有受骗。他们很快就会找到工作的）。由此句可推测，那些拥有自学能力的人，可以在高失业率下找到工作。A选项“有自学能力的人”，符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“建筑工人”，文章没有提到此内容，B选项排除。C选项“汽车修理工”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“一个有相当多的销售技巧的人”，一所完全致力于销售技能的学校，尤其是在高失业率的时候，就是把男女送进虎穴，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.（学会了如何学习的人可以在校外学习。那是我们大多数人学会做我们所做的事情的地方，而不是在学校。学会学习是最高的自由技能之一）。由此句可推测，要学会如何学习，关注适应变化的能力。D选项“关注适应变化的能力”，符合文章内容，因此D选项正确。A选项“预测技能在未来就业市场的销售能力”，销售能力只是有限的技能，A选项排除。B选项“把当前的就业市场也考虑进去”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“考虑什么技能是可以销售的”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除C选项。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Wehopethisradiowillhelpovercomethe____feltduringyourstayinthehospital.

问题1选项

A.pain

B.loneliness

C.tedium

D.nervousness

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pain疼痛B.loneliness孤独

C.tedium无聊D.nervousness紧张不安

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】句意：我们希望这台收音机能帮助你克服在医院期间的____感受。根据句意，首先，空格处所填词是在医院住院的感受，其次，这种感受可以通过听收音机解决，C选项tedium“无聊”符合语境，住院是很无聊的，有收音机听就不无聊了。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文语义逻辑。

【句意】我们希望这台收音机能帮助你克服在医院期间的无聊。

4.单选题

Hewassomeanthathecouldn’tbearto（

）thesmallestsumofmoneyforthecharityappeal.

问题1选项

A.partwith

B.givein

C.payoff

D.letout

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。partwith意为“放弃，失去，割舍”；givein意为“屈服”；payoff意为“付清”；letout意为“出租，放出，发出”。

句意：他如此吝啬以至于不能忍受为慈善割舍一点点钱。

5.不定项选择题

Althoughmanycompaniesoffertuitionreimbursement(返还),mostcompaniesonlyreimburseemployeesforclassesthatarerelevanttotheirposition.Thisisaverylimitingpolicy.Acompanythatreimbursesemployeesforallcollegecreditcourses—whetherjobrelatedornot—offersaservicenotonlytotheemployees,buttotheentirecompany.

Onegoodreasonforgivingemployeesunconditionaltuitionreimbursementisthatitshowsthecompany’sdedicationtoitsemployees.Intoday’seconomy,wherejobsecurityisathingofthepastandemployeesfeelmoreandmoreexpendableitisimportantforacompanytodemonstratetoitsemployeesthatitcares.Thebestwaytodothisiswithconcreteinvestmentsinthem.

Inturn,thisdedicationtothebettermentofcompanyemployeeswillcreategreateremployeeloyalty.Acompanythatputsoutfundstopayfortheeducationofitsemployeeswillgetitsmoneybackbyhavingemployeesstaywiththecompanylonger.Itwillreduceemployeeturnover(流动),becauseevenemployeeswhodon’ttakeadvantageofthetuitionreimbursementprogramwillbemoreloyaltotheircompanyjustknowingthattheircompanycaresenoughtopayfortheireducation.

Mostimportantly,thecompanythathasanunrestrictedtuitionreimbursementprogramwillhavehigherqualityemployees.Althoughthesecompaniesdoindeedruntheriskoflosingmoneyonemployeeswhogoontoanotherjobinadifferentcompanyassoonastheygettheirdegree,moreoftenthannot,theemployeewillstaywiththecompany.Andevenifemployeesdoleaveaftergraduation,itgenerallytakesseveralyearstocompleteanydegreeprogram.Thus,eveniftheemployeeleavesupongraduating,throughoutthoseyears,theemployerwillhaveamoresophisticated;moreintelligent,andthereforemorevaluableandproductiveemployee.Andiftheemployeestays,thateducationwilldoublybenefitthecompany:Notonlyistheemployeemoreeducated,butnowthatemployeecanbepromotedsothecompanydoesn’thavetofillahigh-levelvacancyfromtheoutside.Openpositionscanbefilledbypeoplewhoalreadyknowthecompanywell.

Thoughunconditionaltuitionreimbursementrequiresasignificantinvestmentontheemployer’spart,itisperhapsoneofthewisestinvestmentsacompanycanmake.

1.Ascanbelearnedfromthepassage,tuitionreimbursementmeansthat________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,unconditionaltuitionreimbursementisgoodforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

3.Thepassagesuggeststhat,comparedtoemployeesofcompaniesthatofferunconditionaltuitionreimbursement,employeesofcompaniesthatdonotofferthisbenefitare________.

4.Themainideaofthepassageisthat________.

问题1选项

A.companiesprovidefreeeducationprogramsfortheiremployees

B.companiespayfortheeducationoftheiremployees’offspring

C.employeescangeteducationfinancedbytheiremployer

D.employeescangeteducationiftheypromisenottoquit

问题2选项

A.Employeesgetacheapereducation.

B.Employeesbecomemorevaluable.

C.Employeescanchangetheirjobs.

D.Employeesbecomemoredutiful.

问题3选项

A.lessloyal

B.morelikelytobedismissed

C.notassmart

D.moredifficulttomanage

问题4选项

A.companiesshouldreimburseemployeesforwork-relatedcourses

B.bothcompaniesandemployeeswouldbenefitfromunconditionaltuitionreimbursement

C.companiesshouldrequiretheiremployeestotakecollegecourses

D.bothcompaniesandemployeesshouldbecommittedtoachievingthesamegoal

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据题干定位到第三段第二句Acompanythatputsoutfundstopayfortheeducationofitsemployeeswillgetitsmoneybackbyhavingemployeesstaywiththecompanylonger.（一个为员工提供教育资金的公司可以通过让员工在公司呆更长时间来收回资金。）答案选C“雇员得到教育可以从雇主那得到资金支持”。A选项“公司为雇员提供免费的教育计划”；B选项“公司为员工的后代教育付钱”；D选项“员工保证不辞职的话，雇员就能得到教育”不符合题意。

第2题:推理判断题。根据题干定位到第三段第一句Inturn,thisdedicationtothebettermentofcompanyemployeeswillcreategreateremployeeloyalty.（反过来，这种对改善公司员工的奉献将创造更大的员工忠诚度。）由此可以推断答案选D“员工变得更加本分”。A选项“员工会获得便宜的教育”；B选项“员工变得更加有价值”；C选项“员工会换自己的工作”这些都不符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。根据题干定位第三段第二句话Itwillreduceemployeeturnover（流动），becauseevenemployeeswhodon’ttakeadvantageofthetuitionreimbursementprogramwillbemoreloyaltotheircompanyjustknowingthattheircompanycaresenoughtopayfortheireducation.（这将减少员工流动率，因为即使是员工不利用学费报销计划也会更忠于自己的公司就因为他们知道公司关心他们的教育。）所以答案选A“更不忠诚”；B选项“更可能被解雇”；C选项“没那么聪明”；D选项“更难以掌控”不符合题意。

第4题:主旨大意题。整篇文章都是在说公司为学员付学费的好处，而且从文章最后一段这里可以知道，作者在说服公司为员工提供免费的学习计划，选项B“公司和员工都将受益于无条件的学费报销”正确。A选项“公司应该为员工报销与工作相关的课程”，没有明显的词语劝说公司这样做，所以排除；C选项“公司应该要求他们的员工参加大学课程”；D选项“公司和员工都应该致力于实现同一个目标”排除。

6.填空题

AsevereshortageofdriverscouldhurttheU.S.economy,whichreliesheavilyontrucking.Thoseintheindustrysayopeningsnumberinthethousands,ifonlytensofthousands.Theshortageisunlikelytoendsoon.Thegovernmentestimatesthenumberoftruckdriverswillraise19%from2002to2012,makingdrivingoneofthefastest-growingoccupationsduringthose10years.Truckingcompaniesaretryingtofilljobsbyofferingdriverscashbonusesandprizessuchasboatsandvacationstoreferfellowdriverswhoswitchtheirfirms.Basepayisrising,andtruckingcompaniesareguaranteeingdriversmuchtimeathome.Firmsareofferinggenerous401(k),stockoptionandhealthcarepackagesandotherperks.TruckstopsnowhavemessagetherapistsandWi-Ficomputertechnology.Still,thenumberofdriversiswoefullyinadequate.It’snotjustanissueofrecruiting.Retainingdrivershasbecomeconstantheadache:Theturnoverrateatlargetrucking-companieswas116%inthesecondquarter,accordingtotheAmericanTruckingAssociations.“Idefinethisasthemostseriousproblemtheindustryhas.”saysDuffSwain,presidentofTrinconGroup,transportationconsultingfirminColumbus,Ohio.Companieshehasbeenspeakingtorecentlysay10%oftheirtrucksareidlebecausetheycan’tfindenoughdrivers.Itgoeslongwaybeyondtrucking.Truckscarried

morethanthree-quartersofthegoodsthattravelintheUSAin2003.Iftherearen’tenoughdriverstohaulthenation’sproduction,theeconomyrunstheriskofstumbling.Plus,ifdriverscanbefoundonlybyraisingpayandbenefits,thosecostscouldbepassedalongandeventuallycouldshowupinhigherconsumerprices.

1.______

2.______

3.______

4.______

5.______

6.______

7.______

8.______

9.______

10.______

【答案】1.【答案】ifonly改成ifnot

2.【答案】willraise改成rise

3.【答案】switch∧theirfirms加上to

4.【答案】muchtime改成moretime

5.【答案】message改成massage

6.【答案】become∧constantheadache加上a

7.【答案】∧transportationconsultingfirm加上a

8.【答案】goeslongwaybeyond去掉long

9.【答案】travel改成traveled

10.【答案】production改为product

【解析】1.【解题思路】根据上一句的意思“司机严重短缺可能会损害严重依赖卡车运输的美国经济”可知，这一句的句意应该是“司机的空缺职位如果没有成千上万个，也有几千个”，而ifonly表示“只要，要是……多好”，在这不符合句子意思。所以要将ifonly改为ifnot，表示“如果不是，如果没有”。

2.【解题思路】raise为及物动词，表示“提高，升起，上升”，rise为不及物动词，表示“升起，数量增加”；及物动词后面要接宾语，即动作的对象，不及物动词后不需要加宾语，本句话中willraise后接的并不是raise这个动作的对象，动作的对象thenumberoftruckdrivers在本句话中当主语，且此处表示卡车司机的数量上升，使用raise不符合语法规则，根据后半截from2002to2012可知不能用将来时，时态和主干部分的谓语动词estimates保持一致，即一般现在时，所以要将willraise改成rise。

3.【解题思路】动词词组switchto表示“切换到，转到，转变成”。此处表示“向司机提供现金奖金和奖品的方式来使得司机推荐其他伙伴转到他们公司”。因此，此处要添加介词to。

4.【解题思路】根据句意“司机的基本工资在提高，公司也保障司机有更多的时间待在家里”可知，此处为比较级，所以要用more。故将muchtime改为moretime。

5.【解题思路】由therapists（理疗师）可知，该句句意是“卡车站点现在还有按摩医师以及Wi-Fi服务”，而message表示“信息”，所以要将message改为massage。

6.【解题思路】根据句意“留住司机已经变成一件头疼的事”可知，headache表示“令人头疼的事”，为可数名词单数，因此前面要加不定冠词a。

7.【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，transportationconsultingfirminColumbus（哥伦布的运输咨询公司）做同位语，解释说明TrinconGroup公司是一家位于哥伦布的交通运输咨询公司，因此要加不定冠词a。只有同位语表示特指的职位或角色时才选用零冠词。

8.【解题思路】根据句子意思“这远远超出了卡车运输。”可知，golongwaybeyond表示“远超出”，而表示“远远超出”短语用gowaybeyond即可，不需要加形容词long，故把long去掉。

9.【解题思路】根据句子后半截内容in2003可知本处应该是过去时态，且主干部分的谓语carried也是过去时态，保持一致，需要将travel改成过去式traveled。

10.【解题思路】production和product都表示“产品”。但production特指诗歌、雕刻、绘画等文学艺术作品，而product表示体力劳动或脑力劳动所产生的东西，一般多指工业品，也可指农产品。此处卡车拉走的不是文学艺术作品，因此要将production改为product。

7.单选题

Goingintothediningroomwherethebanquetwasgivenlastnight,Icanseethe（）arestillonthetable.

问题1选项

A.remains

B.relics

C.remnants

D.surplus

【答案】A

【解析】句意:走进昨晚举行宴会的餐厅后，我能看到剩余的饭菜依然在桌上。

考查名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。remain遗迹，剩余（物），残骸；relics遗物，纪念物；remnant剩余（主要的部分被使用后的剩余），遗迹；surplus剩余（指超过需要数量之外的剩余），［贸易］顺差，盈余。因此A符合句意。

8.单选题

Thedeanaskedthesecretaryiftherewereenoughpeople（）toholdafacultymeeting.

问题1选项

A.onhand

B.onaverage

C.onpurpose

D.onend

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onhand“在手边；在场；临近；现有”；B选项onaverage“平均”；C选项onpurpose“故意地”；D选项onend“连续地；竖着”。句意：院长问秘书（）的人数是否足够到可以召开教师会议。根据语境，onhand“在场”修饰people比较合理。因此A选项正确。

9.填空题

A:I’mquite（1）thatyou’veacceptedthatnewjobinShanghai.I（2）thatyouhatedShanghai!

B:Notatall!Ilovethecity.Iworkedthere（3）threemonthsaboutfiveyears（4）andIreallyenjoyedtheplacebackthen.

A:Well,I’llbe（5）toseeyougo.We'llmissyou!

B:Thanks.That’svery（6）ofyoutosay.I'llmissthepeopleinthisofficetoo.

【答案】1.surprised

2.thought

3.for

4.ago

5.sorry

6.kind

【解析】1.语义题。由后面的“hated讨厌”推测此处应表示“我非常惊讶,你已接受上海的新工作”。

2.语义题。句意:我以为你讨厌上海。

3.语法题。考查介词。由后面的关键词“threemonths3个月”知这里表示“在那里工作了3个月”，故第三个空应填“for”。

4.语义题。这里表示“5年前”。

5.语义题。句意:很遗憾看到你走。

6.固定搭配。That’skindofyoutodosth.您…真是太好了。

10.单选题

Floodscausebillionsofdollarsworthofpropertydamage（）.

问题1选项

A.relatively

B.actually

C.annually

D.comparatively

【答案】C

【解析】句意:洪水每年都造成几十亿美元价值的财产损害。

考查副词辨析。relatively相对地；比较地；actually实际上；annually每年；comparatively比较上；相对地。因此C符合句意。

11.单选题

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewhealitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,not'theexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree,JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicinehasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisOneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned（便形成条件反射）micetoavoidsaccharin（糖精）bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweeterandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthe'highestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

1.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhoturnofftheelectricity（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto（

）.

3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAcer'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat

（

）.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablyreasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder'sexperimentwasthat

（

）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals（

）.

问题1选项

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

问题2选项

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

问题3选项

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itledstomachpains

C.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

问题4选项

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybysaccharin

B.thesweetenedwaspoisontothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

问题5选项

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.（Laudenslager发现，无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，而那些能关掉电源的老鼠去没有受到影响）可知选B。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.（但是，如果这些动物遇到了它们无法控制的情况，那么当它们面对他们能够控制的经验时，它们会表现出被动的行为）可知选C。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.（把糖精和胃痛联系起来，老鼠很快就学会了避免吃甜味剂）可知选D。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的第一句Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.（人们偶然发现了大脑如何改变免疫反应的最开始的例子之一）和最后一句Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.（他只能推测，他已经成功地对老鼠进行了调节，现在单用糖精就足以削弱它们的免疫系统，足以杀死它们）可推测Ader’s的实验中老鼠死亡的最可能原因是大脑改变了它们的免疫系统，因此选C

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段中提出了本文的主题stressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimals（压力似乎会影响低等动物的免疫防御能力），然后举例证明其观点。第一段中Laudenslager的实验证明：对事物缺乏控制力造成了免疫系统的弱化，而不是由实验本身造成的；第二段中JayWeiss认为：被允许控制不愉快刺激的动物不会产生睡眠障碍或典型的应激大鼠的大脑化学变化；最后一段中Ader’s的实验表明：他已经成功地对老鼠进行了调节，现在单用糖精就足以削弱它们的免疫系统。这些实验是在一些特定条件下进行的，因此可推断动物的免疫系统能被条件反射所削弱，因此选A。

12.单选题

Oneoftherequirementsforthemasterdegreeisthatstudents（

）.

问题1选项

A.oughttopassoraldefense

B.passoraldefense

C.needpassoraldefense

D.aretopassoraldefense

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。如果句子主语是requirement,suggestion,advice,order等词，后面的表语从句中要用到虚拟语气：should+动词原形的结构。这里should可以省略，句意为，对于硕士学位的要求之一是：学生应该通过论文答辩。分析四个选项，B最符合题意。

13.单选题

Please（）thoseoldnewspaperswhileyou’recleaninguptheroom.

问题1选项

A.disposeout

B.disposeof

C.disposeaway

D.disposein

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组搭配。A选项disposeout非短语搭配；B选项disposeof处理，转让，卖掉；C选项disposeaway非短语搭配；D选项disposein非短语搭配。因此，只有B项为正确搭配，且符合题意。句意：请你在清理房间的时候丢掉这些过期的报纸。

14.单选题

“Myauntwillbedownpresently,Mr.Nuttel,”saidaveryself-possessedyoungladyoffifteen;“inthemeantimeyoumusttryandputupwithme.”

FramtonNuttelendeavoredtosaythecorrectsomethingwhichshoulddulyflatterthenieceofthemomentwithoutundulydiscountingtheauntthatwastocome.Privatelyhedoubtedmorethaneverwhethertheseformalvisitsonasuccessionoftotalstrangerswoulddomuchtowardshelpingthenervecurewhichhehassupposedtobeundergoing.

“Iknowhowitwillbe,”hissisterhadsaidwhenhewaspreparingtomigratetothisruralretreat;“youwillburyyourselfdownthereandnotspeaktoalivingsoul,andyournerveswillbeworsethaneverfrommoping.IshalljustgiveyoulettersofintroductiontoallthepeopleIknowthere.Someofthem,asfarasIcanremember,werequitenice.

FramtonwonderedwhetherMrs.Sappleton,theladytowhomhewaspresentingoneofthelettersofintroduction,cameintothenicedivision.

“Doyouknowmanyofthepeopleroundhere?”askedtheniece,whenshejudgedthattheyhadhadsufficientsilentcommunion.

“Hardlyasoul,”saidFramton.“Mysisterwasstayinghere,attherectory,youknow,somefouryears3go,andshegavemelettersofintroductiontosomeofthepeoplehere.”

Hemadethelaststatementinatoneofdistinctregret.

“Thenyouknowpracticallynothingaboutmyaunt?”pursuedtheself-possessedyounglady.

“Onlyhernameandaddress,”admittedthecaller.HewaswonderingwhetherMrs.Sappletonwasinthemarriedorwidowedstate.Anundefinablesomethingabouttheroomseemedtosuggestmasculinehabitation.

“Hergreattragedyhappenedjustthreeyearsago,”saidthechild;“thatwouldbesinceyoursister’stime,’

“Hertragedy?”askedFramton;somehowinthisrestfulcountryspottragediesseemedoutofplace.

“YoumaywonderwhywekeepthatwindowwideopenonanOctoberafternoon,saidtheniece，indicatingalargeFrenchwindowthatopenedontoalawn，

“Itisquitewarmforthetimeoftheyear，”saidFramton;“buthasthatwindowgotanythingtodowiththetragedy?”

“Outthroughthatwindow,threeyearsagotoaday,herhusbandandhertwoyoungbrotherswentofffortheirday'sshooting.Theynevercameback.Incrossingthemoortotheirfavoritesnipe-shootinggroundtheywereallthreeengulfedinatreacherouspieceofbog.Ithadbeenthatdreadfulwetsummer,youknow,andplacesthatweresafeinotheryearsgavewaysuddenlywithoutwarning.Thebodieswereneverrecovered.Thatwasthedreadfulpartofit.”Herethechild'svoicelostitsself-possessednoteandbecamefalteringlyhuman.“Poorauntalwaysthinksthattheywillcomebacksomeday,theyandthelittlebrownspanielthatwaslostwiththem,andwalkinatthatwindowjustastheyusedtodo.Thatiswhythewindowiskeptopeneveryeveningtillitisquitedusk.Poordearaunt,shehasoftentoldmehowtheywentout,he