考研考博-英语-南通师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南通师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Whateverthequestionshereallywantedtoaskatthereprocessingplant,though,hewouldneverallowhispersonalfeelingsto____withanassignment.

问题1选项

A.interrupt

B.bother

C.interfere

D.intervene

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.interrupt打扰，插嘴；使中止B.bother搭话烦扰

C.interfere妨碍，干扰D.intervene阻挠或干扰（某事发生）

【考查点】动词辨析

【解题思路】原文空格所在部分的句意为“他都不会让自己的个人感情____工作任务”，空格后搭配的介词为with，因此，C选项interfere“妨碍，干扰”满足题意，interferewith，指阻止某事按计划进行或发生，在本句中指“个人感情影响工作任务的正常进行”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项interrupt(sb/sth1)withsth2，指用某事（sth2）打扰到别人说的话或正在做的事（sth1），with后面接的是造成干扰的事，不符合原句语境；

B选项botherwithsth，指的是花费时间精力（做某事）；bother表达“打扰”时是及物动词，不需要使用介词with；

D选项intervene“阻挠或干扰（某事发生）”且不与介词with搭配。

【句意】然而，在再处理工厂，无论他真正想问什么问题，他都不会让自己的个人感情妨碍工作任务。

2.单选题

SimilarelementsintheprehistoricremainsfrombothareassuggestthatIndiansandtheirneighborshadmaintaineddistantbutrealconnections（

）before1,500BC.

问题1选项

A.ever

B.even

C.never

D.still

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。ever意为“永远，曾经”；even意为“甚至”；never意为“从不，从来没有”；still意为“仍然，依旧”。

句意：这两个地区史前遗迹中的相似元素表明，印地安人和他们的邻居甚至早在公元前1500年之前就一直保持着遥远而真实的联系。

3.单选题

Thecentralprovinceshavefloodsinsomeyears,and（）.

问题1选项

A.droughtsinothers

B.droughtsareothers

C.whileotherdroughts

D.othersindrought

【答案】A

【解析】考查并列结构。句意：中部各省有些年遭受洪涝，有些年遭受干旱。and连接两个并列的成分，因后面没有谓语，说明二者的谓语相同，都是have，那么填入的内容就应该与floodsinsomeyears并列，droughtinothers中others指代years，表示“另一些年遭受干旱”。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

______theFirstWorldWar,theUnitedStatesbecamethedominantforceinthemotion-picture,industry.

问题1选项

A.Itwasduringtheadventunder

B.Withtheadventof

C.Tofollowtheadventin

D.Upontheadventat

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：随着第一次世界大战的来临，美国成为电影工业的主导力量。advent一般和介词of连用而不和under、in、at连用，B选项Withtheadventof“随着……的出现”符合语境。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery（）.

问题1选项

A.obscure

B.indefinite

C.dubious

D.intriguing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项obscure“昏暗的，晦涩的”，B项indefinite“不确定的，无限的”，C项dubious“可疑的，暧昧的”，D项intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”。根据句子前半句的句意“很少有人能听懂教授的讲座”可知，A项符合句意。句意：很少有人能听懂教授的讲座，因为它的主题非常晦涩。因此，该题选择A项正确。

6.单选题

Infact,anumberofrecentdevelopmentssuggestthatnewmediamayactuallybethesalvationofoldmedia;thatonlinenewspapers,Webzines,ande-bookscouldpreserveandextendthebestaspectsoftheprintculturewhileaugmentingitwiththeirvarioustechnologicaladvantages.

问题1选项

A.limiting

B.maintaining

C.distinguishing

D.increasing

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。横线单词augmenting意为“增加；增大”；A选项“limiting”意为“限制；限定”；B选项“maintaining”意为“维持；继续；维修；主张”；C选项“distinguishing”意为“区分；辨别”；D选项“increasing”意为“增加；增大；提高；增强”。句意：事实上，最近的一些发展表明，新媒体实际上可能是传统媒体的救赎；在线报纸、网络杂志和电子书可以保留和扩展印刷文化的最好方面，同时用它们的各种技术优势扩大它。由题干可知，while是连词，意为“与此同时”，说明while前后意思相近而不是转折。preserveandextend（保留和扩展）表示传统印刷业将继续扩张。由此可知，augmenting在此处最可能是“增大”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersorgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself,itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat____.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey____.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton____.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause____.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey____.

问题1选项

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

问题3选项

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

问题4选项

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

问题5选项

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat____.人们可能无法在没有情感的世界中生存的原因是____。

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjectsA.他们无法分辨物体的纹理

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothemB.他们不知道什么对他们有益，什么对他们有害

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutloveC.没有爱的生活不会幸福

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelingsD.他们会做伤害彼此感情的事

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段“想象一个突然间没有情感的世界——一个人类感觉不到爱或幸福、恐惧或仇恨的世界。试着想象一下这种转变的后果。人们可能无法活下去：既不知喜也不知乐，既不知道焦虑也不知道恐惧，他们可能重复伤害自己的行为，就像重复有益的行为一样。（theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial）”由此可推断，没有感情的世界里，人们可能重复伤害或者有益的行为，因为他们不知道什么对他们有益，什么对他们有害。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他们无法分辨物体的纹理”，文章第二段第四句提到“但一个物体的物理方面没有它对我们所做或能做的事——伤害我们、让我们惊讶、激怒我们或让我们快乐——那么重要。”由此可知物体的物理方面对人们影响不大，因此不是人们无法生存的原因，该选项属于反向干扰；

C选项“没有爱的生活不会幸福”，根据定位点可知，不只是没有爱的生活，还有恐惧和仇恨，该选项属于以偏概全；

D选项“他们会做伤害彼此感情的事”，根据定位点可知，人们也会重复有益行为，该选项属于以偏概全。

2.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey____.根据文章，人们的学习活动是可能的，因为他们____。

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayaliveA.相信情绪是他们生存的基础

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanotherB.受益于互相提供帮助和支持

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthingC.享受因做正确的事情而得到奖励

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsocietyD.知道什么是对社会进步至关重要的

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第五行“他们无法学习：他们无法从经验中获益，因为这个没有情感的世界将缺少奖励和惩罚（theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments）。”由此可推断他们学习是因为可以从经验中获益，从世界里获得奖励。因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“相信情绪是他们生存的基础”，文中虽然提到，但该选项与题目无关，该选项属于出处错位；

B选项“受益于互相提供帮助和支持”，文中第一段提到“社会很快就会消失：人们互相伤害的可能性和提供帮助和支持的可能性一样大。”由此可知该选项与题目无关，该选项属于出处错位；

D选项“知道什么是对社会进步至关重要的”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton____.从文章中可以推断，社会的经济基础依赖于____。

A.theabilitytomakemoneyA.赚钱的能力

B.thewilltoworkforpleasureB.为快乐而工作的意愿

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentivesC.享受激励的能力

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiencesD.我们对情感经验的分类

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段最后“社会的经济基础将被摧毁，因为不会有任何形式的激励。因为正如我们将看到的，激励意味着享受它们的能力。”由此可推断，社会的经济基础依赖于享受激励的能力。因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“赚钱的能力”，赚钱的能力只是激励能力的一种，该选项属于以偏概全；

B选项“为快乐而工作的意愿”，工作的意愿只是享受激励能力的一种表现，该选项属于以偏概全；

D选项“我们对情感经验的分类”，文中提到“在我们的家庭、社区和整个社会中，我们也会根据情绪进行分类。”但与经济基础无关，该选项属于出处错位。

4.【选项释义】

Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause____.情绪对人类的生存和适应是重要的，因为____。

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjectsA.它们提供了人们观察物体大小和形状的方法

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintainedB.它们是维系社会的社会认同感的基础

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievementsC.它们鼓励人们去完成危险的成就

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeopleD.它们在人们之间产生的爱多于恨

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“在这样一个世界里，人类生存的机会几乎为零，因为情感是我们生存和适应的基本工具。情感以重要的方式为我们构建世界。”以及“我们与对象和事件的情感体验产生一种社会认同感，某些事情的感觉和行动是‘好’和其他的是‘坏’，我们这些类别适用于我们社会的方方面面——推而广之，从我们所吃的食物和我们所穿的衣物到我们如何保持承诺，我们这个群体会接受什么样的人。”由此可推断，我们的情感涉及社会认同感，会对某些事物达成好或者坏的情感认同，并且情感是我们构建世界的基础。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它们提供了人们观察物体大小和形状的方法”，人类对事物的形状大小的认知并不来源于情感，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；

C选项“它们鼓励人们去完成危险的成就”，文章最后一段提到“事实上，社会利用我们的情绪反应和态度，如忠诚、道德、骄傲、羞耻、内疚、恐惧和贪婪，为了保持本身，它高度奖励执行重要任务的个人，如手术，使得个人因为不寻常的或危险的成就，如在战争中驾驶战斗机成为英雄，并使用法律和刑法系统让人们不敢从事反社会行为。”可知是社会利用情感去完成危险的成就而不是情感本身，该选项属于偷换概念；

D选项“它们在人们之间产生的爱多于恨”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey____.一个物体的情感方面比它的物理方面更重要，因为它们____。

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofitA.有助于社会剥削其成员以获取利益

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasksB.鼓励我们执行重要的任务

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystemC.有助于完善法律和刑罚制度

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingusD.帮助我们调整我们的行为以适应我们周围的世界

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段第一句“在这样一个世界里，人类生存的机会几乎为零，因为情感是我们生存和适应的基本工具。”以及“我们与时间和对象的情感体验涉及社会认同感，某些事情的感觉和行动是‘好’和其他的是‘坏’，我们这些类别适用于我们社会的方方面面——推而广之，从我们所吃的食物和我们所穿的衣物到我们如何保持承诺，我们这个群体会接受什么样的人。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“有助于社会剥削其成员以获取利益”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“鼓励我们执行重要的任务”，文中提到“它高度奖励执行重要任务的个人”是社会利用人们的情绪反应和态度使人们调节行为的具体方式之一，该选项属于以偏概全；

C选项“有助于完善法律和刑罚制度”，文中提到“并使用法律和刑法系统让人们不敢从事反社会行为”是社会利用人们的情绪反应和态度使人们调节行为的具体方式之一，该选项属于以偏概全。

8.单选题

In1885OwenWister(1850-1938)recordedthat“itwon’tbeacenturybeforethewestissimplythetrueAmerica,withthought,type,andlifeofitsown”andhewanted“tobethehandthatonce,forall,chronicledandlaidbarethevirtuesandtheicesofthisextraordinaryphaseofAmericansocialprogress.”Heneverbecamethatself-envisionedTolstoioftheoldWest,butin1902TheVirginianwaspublished.Itwoninstantsuccessandsky-rocketeditsauthortofame.Itisstillthemostpopular“western”noveleverpublishedandthemasterdesignforthefictionoftheWildWest.

TheVirginianestablishedaliteraryform,aformulapopularlyknownas“horseopera”,whoseconventions,cliches,andvalueshavereappearedinnovelsandshortstories,inmoviesandtelevisionserials,eversince.Theromanticcowboyistheheroandgentleman,oneofthose“goodmeninthehumblerwalksoflife”,whoseemsthroughshams,defendsjusticeandalady’shonor,shootsitoutwiththevillainandconquersevil.BecauseofTheVirginian,Wistercreatedacharacterwhoistheoriginaltypeforthewesternfolkhero.HerepresentstheembodimentofcertainAmericanideals—amanwhoisequaltoalloccasionswhoshowsindependenceofaction,amanwhokeepshiswordwhoisabroad-gaugefellowlivingamongnarrow-gaugefold”.ButtheliterarydeviceandcowboycodewhichWisterestablisheddictatedthattheheromustkilltheheadman.Thisnecessityforsanctioningmurderandromanticizingofthecowboyasagentlemanprohibited.TheVirginianandthegenreitcreatedfrombecomingseriousfiction,orevenanauthenticproductofthewesternexperience.Insteadofachievinghisambition,therefore,WistergaveusasortofAmericanfolkepic,thecowboystory.

1.OwenWisterbelieved（）.

2.Stylistically,TheVirginianisnotedforthefactthatit（）.

3.ThepopularitywhichwasaccordedTheVirginianindicatesthatWister（）.

4.Theauthorofthearticlebelievesthat（）.

问题1选项

A.thewayoflifeinthewestin1885wasapassingphase

B.thecowboyin1885symbolizedthetypicalAmericanmode

C.thewestwouldbealwaysisolatedfromtherestofthecountrybyitsmoralcode

D.noneofthese

问题2选项

A.waswrittenaccordingtoapre-establishedformula

B.establishedtheformulaknownas“horseopera”

C.followedtheliteraryconventionsoftheday.

D.abandonedAmericanconventionsinfavorofforeignones

问题3选项

A.hadwrittenanaccountofthecowboywhichappealedtoAmericanaspirations

B.gaveusanauthenticaccountofthewesternexperience

C.becametheAmericanTolstoi

D.realizedhisstatedambition

问题4选项

A.TheVirginiandidnotdeservethesuccessitwon

B.Wisterwasahack

C.WistermadeadefinitecontributiontoAmericanliterature

D.cowboystoriesshouldbeconsideredseriousfiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.根据第一段第一句“itwon’tbeacenturybeforethewestissimplythetrueAmerica.”可知选项A错误；选项B在文中没有提及；选项C明显错误；所以本题选D。

2.根据第二段第一句“TheVirginianestablishedaliteraryform,aformulapopularlyknownas“horseopera”,...”弗吉尼亚人建立了一种文学形式，一种被普遍称为“马戏”的模式。选项B与原文描述一致，所以正确。

3.根据第二段最后一句“Insteadofachievinghisambition,therefore,WistergaveusasortofAmericanfolkepic,thecowboystory.”Wister没有实现他的抱负，而是给我们讲述了一部美国民间史诗，牛仔的故事。这使我们对西方的经历有了真实的了解，所以选项B正确。

4.根据第一段倒数第二句“...TheVirginianwaspublished.Itwoninstantsuccessandsky-rocketeditsauthortofame.”可知选项A错误；选项B在文中没有提及；选项C符合原文；选项D不正确，所以本题选C。

9.单选题

Despitewars,famines,andepidemics,Earth’spopulationisboomingaheadtonewrecordswithnoendinsight.

Everyday,theworldaddsenoughpeopletopopulateamedium-sizedcityintheUS.Inonemonth,thenumberofnewworldcitizensequalsthepopulationofNewYorkCity.Everyyear,thereare90millionmoremouthstofeed,morethanthetotalpopulationofGermany.

Severalfactorsarepropellingthisrapidgrowth,includinganelementthatofoftenoverlooked;thehugenumberofteenagerswhoarebecomingmothers,particularlyinthecountriesofsub-SaharanAfrica.

InfourAfricannations---Niger,Mali,SierraLeone,andIvoryCoast---1outofevery5adolescentfemalesofchildbearingagehasababyannually.

TheUSBureauoftheCensussaysthishighrateofmotherhoodamongteenshashelpedtomaintainthehighpaceofbirthsacrossmostoftheAfricancontinent.Bystartingafamilyearly,atypicalwomaninSomalia,forinstance,hassevenchildrenduringherlifetime.EquallylargefamiliesaretheruleinZambia,Zaire,Uganda,Mauritania,Mali,Malawi,andEthiopia.

Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren.

WhilepopulationexpertsoftenfocusonAfrica’sproblems,analystsnotethatteenagedmothersarealsofarmoreprevalentintheUnitedStatesthaninFrance,Germany,Italy,Sweden,orBritain.

Thisissue---“babieshavingbabies”---hasrecentlygainedprominenceintheUS.TeenagedmotherhoodintheUShasfueledanexpansionoftheState-federalwelfaresystemandbroughtcriesforwelfarereformfromlawmakers.

Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan.

Overall,thefertilityrateamongAmericansremainsrelativelylowat2.1birthsperwoman-aboutthereplacementlevel.AlthoughtheUSpopulationisexpectedtoclimbsteadily,from260milliontodayto323millionby2020,mostofthatgrowthwillcomefromimmigration.

TheCensusBureauestimatesthatinHaiti,wherethousandsofcitizensaretryingtofleetotheUSbecauseofmilitaryoppressionandpoverty,AIDSwillcuttheannualgrowthrateduringthenext25yearsfrom2.1percentto1.3percent.

ThedeclineingrowthisevensharperintheCentralAfricanRepublic,whererateswilldipfrom2.4percentto0.7percent.InThailand,whichalreadyhadlowbirthrates,ADISwilldrivepopulationdownwardto0.8percentayear.

Inthe16countriesthatarehithardest,AIDSwilllowerpopulationsby121millionoverexpectedprojectionsby2020.InAfrica,theimpactofAIDSissogreatthattrendstowardlongerlifespansduringthepast40yearsbeingreversed.Somenationswillsufferdeclinesinaveragelifespansof0to30yearscomparedwithexpectedlifespanswithoutAIDS.

IntheUS,whereAIDSisalsoasubstantialproblemtheimpactwillbelowerbecausethediseaseismostlylimitedtohomosexualsanddruguser,saysPeterWay,aCensusBureauresearch.InmanyAfricannations,AIDSisprevalentamongtheheterosexualpopulations,withsharplyboostsinfantmortality.

Acompellingchapterintheresearchdealswithaging.Todaythemedianageindevelopedcountriesis35,andthatindevelopingnationsisonly23.By2020,thecorrespondingfigureswillbe42and28.

Todaytherearefeweradultsover60(525million)thanchildrenunder5(636million).Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million.

1.Sub-SaharanAfricancountries（

）.

2.Thepassagestatesteenagedbirthsare

（

）.

3.ThepopulationgrowthrateintheUSis

（

）.

4.Fromthefactualdatainthepassage,weknowthatbytheyear2020

（

）.

5.Thepassageimpliesthatbytheyear2020（

）.

问题1选项

A.willhavethelargestworldpopulationby2020

B.havethehighestreproductiverateintheworld

C.areonlymodestlyaffectedbyAIDS

D.willhaveincreasinglylonglifespan

问题2选项

A.rareindevelopedcountries

B.mostprevalentinIndonesia

C.commoninRwanda

D.solelyresponsibleforpopulationincrease

问题3选项

A.higherthanthatinIndia

B.lowerthanthatinMexico

C.higherthanthatinIndonesia

D.lowerthanthatinSouthAmerica

问题4选项

A.thepopulationgrowthratesinThailandwillhaveincreased

B.therewillbedisproportionatenumberofolderpeople

C.USpopulationgrowthratewillstabilize

D.theaverageageofEuropeanswillbe35

问题5选项

A.birthrateswillbecurbedindevelopingcountries

B.therewillnolongerbeapopulationproblem

C.therewillbetoomanyyoungchildren

D.thedistributionoftheworld’spopulationwillhavealtered

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“撒哈拉以南非洲国家……”。文章第六段提到“人口出生率记录的现在保持者是饱受战乱的卢旺达，那里一位母亲至少有八个或九个小孩”（Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren），由此可知选项B“有世界上最强的繁殖能力”符合题意，

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章称青少年当母亲……”。提到“人口出生率记录的现在保持者是饱受战乱的卢旺达，那里一位母亲至少有八个或九个小孩”（Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren），由此可知在卢旺达生孩子的年龄偏小是中普遍现象，选项C符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“美国人口增长率……”。文章第九段提到“由于美国高的青少年为人母比率高，它的出生率现在跟上了印度尼西亚和非洲的部分地区，比墨西哥，印度以及巴基斯坦稍微高些”（Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan），由此可知选项A符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文中的实际数字，我们知道到2020年的时候……”。文章最后一段最后一句话提到“随着世界人口老龄化，到2020年，60岁以上的人口将超过10亿，而5岁以下的人口总数将达到7.71亿”（Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million），选项B“将出现比例失调的老年人数量”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章暗示到2020年……”。文章提到了不同国家的人口出生率，以及最后提到世界人口老龄化程度加剧，都说明世界人口分布将发生变化，选项D符合题意。

10.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThehealthprofilesofmanyracialandethnicminoritiesreflectthesocialinequalityevidentintheUnitedStates.(46)ThepooreconomicandenvironmentalconditionsofgroupssuchasAfricanAmericans,Hispanics,andNativeAmericansaremanifestedinhighmorbidityandmortalityratesforthesegroups.Itistruethatsomeafflictions,suchassingle-cellanemiaamongBlacks,haveacleargenericbasis.Butinmostinstances,environmentalfactorscontributetothedifferentialratesofdiseaseanddeath.

Inmanyrespects,themortalityratesforAfricanAmericansaredistressing.ComparedwithWhites,Blackshavehigherdeathratesfromheartdisease,pneumonia,diabetes,andcancer.ThedeathratefromstrokeistwiceashighamongAfricanAmericans.(47)SuchepidemiologicalfindingsreflectinpartthefactthatahighproportionofBlacksarefoundamongthenation’slowerclass.AccordingtotheNationalCenterofHealthStatistics,Whitescanexpecttolive77.7years.Incontrast,lifeexpectancyforBlacksis72.3years(Arias2004).

Asnotedearlier,infantmortalityisregardedasaprimaryindicatorofhealthcare.ThereisasignificantgapintheUnitedStatesbetweentheinfantmortalityratesofAfricanAmericansandWhites.Generally,therateofinfantdeathismorethantwiceashighamongBlacks.AfricanAmericansaccountfor15percentofalllivebirthsinthenationbut29percentofinfantdeaths.PertoRicansandNativeAmericanshavemortalityratesthatarelowerthanAfricanAmericans’buthigherthanWhites’(MacDormanetal.2005).

Themedicalestablishmentisnotexemptfromracism.(48)Unfortunately,themediaoftenfocusonobviousformsofracism,suchashatecrimes,whileoverlookingmoreinsidiousformsinsocialinstitutionslikethemedicalestablishment.Onereviewofmorethan100studiesconductedoverthelastdecadeconcludedthatminoritiesreceiveinferiorcareevenwhentheyareinsured.(49)Despitehavingaccesstocare,Blacks,Latinos,andAmericanIndiansaretreatedunequallyasaresultofracialprejudiceanddifferencesintheequalityofvarioushealthcareplans.Furthermore,nationalclinicalstudieshaveshownthatevenallowingfordifferencesinincomeandinsurancecoverage,racialandethnicminoritiesarelesslikelythanothergroupstoreceivebothstandardhealthcareandlife-savingtreatmentforconditionssuchasHIVinfection(CaesarandWilliams2002;Smedleyetal.2002;Steyerbergetal.2005).

Drawingontheconflictperspective,sociologistHowardWaitzkin(1986)suggeststhatracialtensionsalsocontributetothemedicalproblemsofBlacks.Inhisview,thestressthatresultsfromracialprejudiceanddiscriminationhelpstoexplainthehigherratesofhypertensionfoundamongAfricanAmericans(andHispanics)comparedtoWhites.(50)Hypertension—twiceascommoninBlacksasinWhites—isbelievedtobeacriticalfactorinBlacks’highmortalityratesfromheartdisease,kidneydisease,andstroke(MorehouseMedicalTreatmentandEffectivenessCenter1999).

SomeMexicanAmericansandmanyotherLatinosadheretoculturalbeliefsthatmakethemlesslikelytousetheestablishedmedicalsystem.TheymayinterprettheirillnessaccordingtotraditionalLatinofolkmedicine,orcuranderismo—aformofholistichealthcareandhealing.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.非洲裔、西班牙裔和美洲土著等群体的经济和环境条件恶劣表现在这些群体有很高的发病率和死亡率。

47.这样的流行病学调查结果在一定程度上反映了这样一个事实，即在美国的底层人群中，黑人比例较高。

48.不幸的是，媒体往往关注的是明显的种族主义形式，如仇恨犯罪，而忽视了社会机构中存在的更隐蔽的形式，如医疗机构。

49.尽管有医疗保障，黑人、拉丁裔和美洲印第安人在不同的医疗保险计划的平等程度上受到种族歧视和差异的影响。

50.黑人的高血压发病率是白人的两倍，这被认为是黑人患心脏病、肾病和中风高死亡率的关键因素。

11.单选题

Somepeoplefindthatcertainfoods（

）theirheadaches.

问题1选项

A.introduce

B.trigger

C.summon

D.create

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。introduce“介绍”；trigger“引发，引起”；summon“召唤”；create“创造”。句意：有些人发现某些食物会引发头痛。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Kidnappingisthecruelestcrimeofthe20thcentury.Thereisnotthepoliticalpassionbehindmosthijacking;themotiveisgreedformoney.Thevictims,providedtheirfamiliesarerichenough,arechosenatrandom.Withtheconstantexposurebythemediaofpersonalfameandfortune,mostpeoplearevulnerablethanever.

ThemostnotoriouskidnappingbeganontheeveningofMarch1,1932,whensomeoneplacedahome-madeladderagainsttheNewJerseyhomeofColonelCharlesLindberghandstolehisblond,blue-eyedbabyson.Aransomnotewasleftfromthekidnapper.Lindbergh,thefirstpilottoflysoloacrosstheAtlantic,wasthemostpopularmaninAmerica.

Whentheboywasfoundafewmilesawaywithhisheadcrushedin,thewholenationwasshockedandCongresspassedthe“LindberghKidnapLaw”,withthedeathpenaltyfortransportingakidnapvictimacrossastateline.Thekidnapper,BrunoRichardHauptmann,wascaughttwo-and-a-halfyearslater,whenheexchangedsomeoftheransommoney.Hewasexecutedin1936.

Kidnappingisanexampleofinflation:Hauptmanndemanded$50,000;in1973theGettyfamilyhadtopay1,300,000poundsandtheransomdeliveryintwobillionItalianlireweighedaton.Inthiskidnapping,thingswentdreadfullywrong.WhenthekidnapperscutoffGetty’srightearandsentittoanewspaper,theyforgotthepostalstrikewhichdelayedthisproofbythreeweeks.InthecaseofMurielMcKay,thekidnapperspickedthewrongwoman.TheHoseinbrothershaddevelopedtheirplanwhentheysawRupertMurdochonaTVshowin1969andheardhimdescribedasamillionaire,awordwhichstimulatedtheiraction.Yet,intracingMurdoch’sRolls-Royce,theyfailedtorealizethathehadleftforAustraliawithhiswifeandhadloanedthecartoDouglasMcKay,achairmanofoneofhisenterprises.Attackingthewronghome,theHoseinskidnappedMrs.McKaybymistake,butstilldemandedtheirmillionpounds.

Theendresultofkidnappingisneverclean:Lindberghneverpsychologicallyrecovered.YoungPaulGettyjokes:“Itwasahigh-pricedear!”Butthescarsmustbeinternal,too.ThesaddestcommentcamefromDouglasMcKayafterthetrialoftheHoseins:“Theyhavegotalifesentence.I,too,havealifesentencewonderingjustwhathashappenedtomydearwife.”

21.Whyaremostpeopl