考研考博-英语-华侨大学考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华侨大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

The（

）ofthescientificattitudeisthatthehumanmindcansucceedinunderstandingtheuniverse.

问题1选项

A.essence

B.content

C.texture

D.threshold

【答案】A

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。Essence“实质”；content“内容”；texture“质地，构造”；threshold“开始，入口,门槛”。句意：科学态度的实质就是人类可以成功地认识了解整个宇宙。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

However,thenewlaw,oncepassed,will（）theBridlingtonagreementillegalbygivingworkerstherighttojoinunionsoftheirchoice.

问题1选项

A.convert

B.render

C.cancel

D.eliminate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项convert“转换”；B选项render“致使”；C选项cancel“取消”；D选项eliminate“消除”。句意：然而，新法律一旦通过，将导致布里德灵顿协议非法，因为工人有权加入他们自己选择的工会。本句表示导致协议非法。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Thereasonwhytheydidn'tgetanypeopletohelpthemintheworkis（）theydidn'twanttotroubleanyone.

问题1选项

A.because

B.for

C.since

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】thereasonwhy...isthat...为特定句型。所以本题选D。

4.单选题

Eachadvanceinmicroscopictechniquehasprovidedscientistswithnewperspectiveonthefunctionoflivingorganismsandthenatureofmatteritself.Theinventionofthevisible-lightmicroscopelateinthesixteenthcenturyintroducedapreviouslyunknownrealmofsingle-celledplantsandanimals.Inthetwentiethcentury,electronmicroscopeshaveprovideddirectviewsofvirusesandminusculesurfacestructures.Nowanothertypeofmicroscope,onethatutilizesX-raysratherthanlightorelectrons,offersadifferentwayofexaminingtinydetails;itshouldextendhumanperceptionstillfartherintothenaturalworld.

ThedreamofbuildinganX-raymicroscopedatesto1895;itsdevelopment,however,wasvirtuallyhaltedinthe1940’sbecausethedevelopmentoftheelectronmicroscopewasprogressingrapidly.Duringthe1940’s,electronmicroscopesroutinelyachievedresolutionbetterthanthatpossiblewithavisible-lightmicroscope,whiletheperformanceofX-raymicroscopesresistedimprovement.Inrecentyears,however,interestinX-raymicroscopeshasrevived,largelybecauseofadvancessuchasthedevelopmentofnewsourcesofX-rayillumination.Asaresult,thebrightnessavailabletodayismillionsoftimesthatofX-raytubes,which,formostofthecentury,weretheonlyavailablesourcesofsoftX-rays.

ThenewX-raymicroscopesconsiderablyimproveontheresolutionprovidedbyopticalmicroscopes.Theycanalsobeusedtomapthedistributionofcertainchemicalelements.Somecanformpicturesinextremelyshorttimes;othersholdthepromiseofspecialcapabilitiessuchasthree-dimensionalimaging.Unlikeconventionalelectronmicroscopy,X-raymicroscopyenablesspecimenstobekeptinairandinwater,whichmeansthatbiologicalsamplescanbestudiedunderconditionssimilartotheirnaturalstate.Theilluminationused,so-calledsoftXraysinthewavelengthrangeoftwentytofortyangstroms(anangstromisoneten-billionthofameter),isalsosufficientlypenetratingtoimageintactbiologicalcellsinmanycases.BecauseofthewavelengthoftheXraysused,softX-raymicroscopeswillnevermatchthehighestresolutionpossiblewithelectronmicroscopes.Rather,theirspecialpropertieswillmakepossibleinvestigationsthatwillcomplementthoseperformedwithlight-andelectron-basedinstruments.

1.Whatisthethemedoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormentionthevisible-lightmicroscopeinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhydidittakesolongtodeveloptheX-raymicroscope?

4.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutX-raymicroscopesinthefuture?

问题1选项

A.Thedetailseenthroughamicroscope.

B.Outdatedmicroscopictechniques.

C.Sourcesofilluminationformicroscopes.

D.Anewkindofmicroscope

问题2选项

A.ToputtheX-raymicroscopeinahistoricalperspective.

B.Tobeginadiscussionofsixteenth-centurydiscoveries.

C.Toshowhowlimiteditsusesare.

D.Toexplainhowitfunctioned.

问题3选项

A.Fundsforresearchwereinsufficient.

B.Thesourceofilluminationwasnotbrightenoughuntilrecently.

C.MaterialsusedtomanufactureX-raytubesweredifficulttoobtain.

D.X-raymicroscopesweretoocomplicatedtooperate.

问题4选项

A.Theywillprobablyreplaceelectronmicroscopealtogether.

B.Theywilleventuallybemuchcheapertoproducethantheyarenow.

C.Theywillprovideinformationnotavailablefromotherkindsofmicroscopes.

D.Theywilleventuallychangetheilluminationrangethattheynowuse.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由第一段“Nowanothertypeofmicroscope,onethatutilizesX-raysratherthanlightorelectrons,offersadifferentwayofexaminingtinydetails;itshouldextendhumanperceptionstillfartherintothenaturalworld.现在，另一种显微镜，利用x射线而不是光或电子，提供了一种观察微小细节的不同方法;它应该把人类的感知能力进一步扩展到自然界。”及第二段“ThedreamofbuildinganX-raymicroscopedatesto1895;制造x射线显微镜的梦想可以追溯到1895年”可知本文讲的是一种新的显微镜，故D项正确。

2.判断推理题。定位第一段中“Eachadvanceinmicroscopictechniquehasprovidedscientistswithnewperspectiveonthefunctionoflivingorganismsandthenatureofmatteritself.显微技术的每一个进步都给科学家提供了新视角对生物体的功能和物质本身的性质。”及“Theinventionofthevisible-lightmicroscopelateinthesixteenthcenturyintroducedapreviouslyunknownrealmofsingle-celledplantsandanimals.Inthetwentiethcentury,electronmicroscopeshaveprovideddirectviewsofvirusesandminusculesurfacestructures.16世纪晚期可视光学显微镜的发明引入了单细胞植物和动物的未知领域。在二十世纪，电子显微镜提供了对病毒和微小表面结构的直接观察。”可知提及可见光显微镜的目的是“从历史的角度来看待x射线显微镜”故A项正确。

3.细节事实题。定位第二段中“Inrecentyears,however,interestinX-raymicroscopeshasrevived,largelybecauseofadvancessuchasthedevelopmentofnewsourcesofX-rayillumination.Asaresult,thebrightnessavailabletodayismillionsoftimesthatofX-raytubes,which,formostofthecentury,weretheonlyavailablesourcesofsoftX-rays.然而，近年来，人们对x射线显微镜的兴趣又复活了，这在很大程度上是由于x射线照明新光源等技术的发展。结果，今天可用的亮度是x射线管的数百万倍，在本世纪的大部分时间里，x射线管是唯一可用的软x射线源。可知B项“直到最近，光源才足够明亮。”正确，ACD三项都没有提及。答案B。

4.判断推理题。定位最后一段中“Rather,theirspecialpropertieswillmakepossibleinvestigationsthatwillcomplementthoseperformedwithlight-andelectron-basedinstruments.相反，它们的特殊性质将使研究成为可能，这将补充那些用光和电子仪器进行的研究。可知C项“X射线将提供其他种类的显微镜无法提供的信息。”正确。

5.单选题

Archaeologicalliteratureisrichindescriptionsofpotmaking.Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.

Theclayusedinprehistoricpotmakingwasinvariablyselectedwiththeutmostcare:oftenitwastradedoverconsiderabledistances.Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.Bycarefulkneading,thepotterremovedtheairbubblesandmadetheclayasplasticaspossible,allowingittobemoldedintoshapeasthepotwasbuiltup,Whenapotisfired,itlosesitswaterandcancrack,sothepotteraddedatempertotheclay,asubstancethathelpedreduceshrinkageandcracking.

Sincesurfacefinishesprovidedapleasingappearanceandalsoimprovedthedurabilityinday-to-dayuse,thepottersmoothedtheexteriorsurfaceofthepotwithwethands.Oftenawetclaysolution,knownasaslip,wasappliedtothesmoothsurface.Brightlycoloredslipswereoftenusedandformedpainteddecorationsonthevessel.Inlatertimes.Glazescameintouseinsomeareas.Aglazeisaformofslipthatturnstoaglasslikefinishduringhigh-temperaturefiring.Whenaslipwasnotapplied,thevesselwasallowedtodryslowlyuntiltheexternalsurfacewasalmostlikeleatherintexture.Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.Somepotswereadornedwithincisedorstampeddecorations.

Mostearlypotterywasthenfiredoveropenhearths.Thevesselswerecoveredwithfast-burningwood;asitburned,theasheswouldallaroundthepotsandbakethemevenlyoverafewhours.Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,whichwouldnotonlybaketheclayandremoveitsplasticity,butalsodissolvecarbonsandironcompounds.Kilnswerealsousedforglazing,whentwofiringswereneeded.Oncefired,thepotswereallowedtocoolslowly,andsmallcrackswererepairedbeforetheywerereadyforuse.

54.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

55.Theword“meticulously”inPara.2isclosestinmeaningto____.

56.Whichofthefollowingwasamethodusedbysomepotterstogivevesselsaglassyfinish?

57.Accordingtothepassage,theadvantageofkilnsoveropenfireswasthatthekilns____.

问题1选项

A.Whyarchaeologistsstudyprehistoricpotmaking.

B.Howearlypotterywasmadeanddecorated.

C.Thedevelopmentofkilnsusedbyearlypotters.

D.ThevarietyofdecorationsonPrehistoricpottery.

问题2选项

A.heavily

B.initially

C.carefully

D.completely

问题3选项

A.Smoothingthemwithwethands.

B.Mixingtheclaywithcoloredsolutions.

C.Bakingthemataveryhightemperature.

D.Rubbingthemwithasmoothhardobject.

问题4选项

A.requiredlesswoodforburning

B.reachedhighertemperatures

C.keptashesawayfromthepots

D.bakedvesselswithoutcrackingthem

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】54.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.（与现代工业陶艺家不同的是，史前工匠们用最简单的技术制作了每一件陶器，但在制作和装饰器皿方面表现出非凡的技巧），可知本文的主旨是B项“早期陶器的制作和装饰”，后文都是在讲早期陶器制作和装饰的过程。

A项“考古学家为什么研究史前造壶”，文中并未提及；C项“早期陶艺家使用的窑炉的发展”，kilns只在文章最后提到，不是文章主题；D项“史前陶器上装饰的种类”，也只是在文中有提及，并不是文章的主旨。

55.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。定位到第二段Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.（粘土的稠度至关重要：它被仔细地捣碎，并与水混合，使其质地完全均匀）。meticulously“仔细地”。A项“大量地；沉重地”，B项“最初”，C项“仔细地；小心翼翼的”，D项“彻底地；完全地”，因此只有C项符合。

56.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干：以下哪种方法是一些陶工用来给器皿玻璃般的饰面？文中第三段倒数第二句Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.（用一块圆石或者类似的东西打磨，可以得到一个光亮、坚硬的表面），因此正确选项为D“用光滑的硬物摩擦它们”。A项“用湿手抚平它们”，这并不能得到一个玻璃般的饰面，而且接下来还有很多步骤；B项“将粘土与有色溶液混合”，文中未体现；C项“在很高的温度下烘烤”，这是glaze“釉料”的制作过程。

57.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。最后一段第三句Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,which…（在被称为窑炉的特殊烘箱中，温度要高得多，这种烘箱……），

是说用这种特殊的烤炉里可以得到高得多的温度，因此正确选项为B“达到更高的温度”。A项“燃烧所需木材较少”，C项“把灰从罐子里拿开”，D项“烘烤容器并且容器没有开裂”，均在文中未体现。

6.写作题

Directions:Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.

【答案】答：

1.lack改为short

2.launch改为launched

3.it改为which

4.crews改为crew

5.Upon改为Once

6.rotation改为rotate

7.inwards改为outwards

8.will改为would

9.from改为into

10.fantastically改为fantastical

【解析】1.【解题思路】lackof中的lack是一个名词，所以lackof也是一个名词词组，跟在be动词后面应该跟冠词，所以这里要把名词lack改为形容词short，shortof表示“短缺”。

2.【解题思路】分析句子可知，saw是谓语动词，所以launch应该用非谓语形式，而太空巴士是在1981年首次着陆，事情发生在过去，所以launch用过去分词形式launched。

3.【解题思路】分析句子可知，主句是Thisis“Columbia”，后面没有连词，所以只能作为定语从句修饰Columbia，故把it改为which。

4.【解题思路】crew是一个复数名词，表示“全体人员”，不用再跟s，故crews改为crew。

5.【解题思路】Upon表示“在……之上”，而此句是指“空间站一旦建成，它就会产生自己的大气层”，故把Upon改为Once。

6.【解题思路】rotation是一个名词，而needto后面要跟动词，故把rotation改为rotate。

7.【解题思路】此句是指“在离心力的作用下，人们将被迫从中心向外移动”，而inwards表示“向内”，所以应该把inwards改为outwards。

8.【解题思路】根据文章可知，此处是表示生活在外太空的一种假设情况，而will不含有虚拟的语气，故把will改为would。

9.【解题思路】beconverted一般与to或者into搭配，表示“被转变成”，所以把from改为into。

10.【解题思路】sounds是系动词，后面应该是一个形容词，所以要把副词fantastically改为形容词fantastical。

7.单选题

HewasazealoussupporterofourplanandcleanedupthehallfortheChristmasparty.

问题1选项

A.enthusiastic

B.concerted

C.gigantic

D.dedicated

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据句意：他是我们计划的……支持者，并且为圣诞晚会把大厅打扫干净了。zealous意为“热情的，积极的”。A选项enthusiastic“热情的”；B选项concerted“协调的”；C选项gigantic“巨大的，庞大的”；D选项dedicated“专注的，献身的”。选项A符合语境。

8.单选题

Imustremember____Johnthatthegardenneedswatering.

问题1选项

A.reminded

B.reminding

C.toremind

D.toberemindedof

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.reminded提醒（过去分词）B.reminding提醒（现在分词）

C.toremind提醒（不定式）D.toberemindedof被提醒（不定式）

【答案】C

【考查点】非谓语动词

【解题思路】空格处前后语义为“我必须记得（remember）____约翰花园需要浇水”，选项的动词为“提醒”。根据语义，“提醒”的主语为“我”，应该使用主动语态；由花园需要浇水可知，这件事情还没有发生。Remembertodosth表示记得要做某事；rememberdoingsth表示记得做了某事。原句表达的是记得要做某事，所以应该使用Remembertodosth，C选项toremind“提醒（不定式）”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项reminded“提醒（过去分词）”，非谓语动词形式不符合要求；

B选项reminding“提醒（现在分词）”，非谓语动词形式不符合要求；

D选项toberemindedof“被提醒（不定式）”，语态不对。

【句意】我必须记得提醒约翰花园需要浇水。

9.写作题

Directions:Chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300word.

1.WriteapieceofArgumentationwiththetopic“Exam”.Youressayshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Showyourviewwithathesisstatement;

2)Supportyourviewwithnofewerthan2concretedetails;

3)Andconcludeyouressaywithanechototheintroduction.

2.Inordertoenhanceandcultivatecultureconfidence,theMinisteroftheMinistryofEducationproposedtoinvolvetraditionalcultureinthecurriculumoncampus.

1)Stateyouropinionabouttheproposalwithathesisstatement;

2)Supportyouropinionwithnofewerthan2concretedetail;

3)Andconcludeyouressaywithanechototheintroduction.

【答案】略

10.单选题

Peoplecannotbut（

）puzzled,fortheysimplycannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemadesuchastupidmistake.

问题1选项

A.feel

B.feeling

C.tofeel

D.havingfelt

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定句型。cannotbutdosth.意为“不得不做某事，禁不住做某事”，but后面接动词原形，因此选A。

句意：人们情不自禁地感到困惑，因为他们根本无法理解他怎么会犯这样一个愚蠢的错误。

11.单选题

Herinterestingrowingflowerskepther（

）forthewholeweek.

问题1选项

A.occupational

B.occupant

C.preoccupied

D.occupied

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项occupational“职业的”；B选项occupant“居住者”；C选项preoccupied“全神贯注的”；D选项occupied“忙碌的；已占用的”。由题干“对种花很感兴趣”才会使得她忙碌整个星期，occupied“忙碌的；已占用的”符合题意。句意为：她对种花很有兴趣，这使她整整忙碌了一个星期。故正确答案选D。

12.单选题

Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeteriorates(变坏)astheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquent(犯法的)andsexuallyprecocious(早熟).Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.

Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.

Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises(大楼及附属建筑物).ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporal(肉体的)punishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Nevertheless,banningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremises,atleastnotinfrontofchildren.

1.Inthispassagetheauthorputsanemphasison______.

2.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncharacteristicofyoungsmokers?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Thewriterconcludesthatschoolrulestoforbidsmoking______.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardshiswritingis______.

问题1选项

A.theeffectofsmokingamongchildren

B.thedifficultyinpreventingchildrenfromsmoking

C.thereasonswhychildrenstartsmokingamongchildren

D.themeasurestobansmokingamongchildren

问题2选项

A.Disobedience.

B.Laziness.

C.Lackofintelligence.

D.Vanity.

问题3选项

A.Somechildrenstarttosmokeoutofcuriosity.

B.Manychildrenstarttosmokebecausetheywanttoappearmature.

C.Inordertohavefewerchildrensmokers,parents,teachersandhealthcareworkersshouldnotsmoke.

D.Itisnotasdifficulttopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokeastodissuadeadultsfromsmoking.

问题4选项

A.shouldbeintroduced,foritreallyworksattheschoolwhereheoncestudied

B.shouldnotbeintroduced,foritmaycausedisturbance

C.shouldbeintroducedthoughitmaynotworkeffectively

D.needn’tbeintroducedaslongasteachersdon’tsmokeinfrontofchildren

问题5选项

A.objective

B.emotional

C.critical

D.indifferent

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头介绍了吸烟儿童的特点，接着介绍了导致儿童吸烟的因素，最后指出防止儿童吸烟非常困难，需要各界做出许多努力，结合全文可知文章的重点应该是放在防止儿童吸烟的困难上的。因此B选项“防止儿童吸烟的困难”正确。A选项“儿童吸烟的影响”，C选项“儿童开始吸烟的原因”，D选项“禁止儿童吸烟的措施”均不是文章的重点，需要A,C,D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious（与不吸烟的人相比，他们更叛逆），说明吸烟的儿童更叛逆，更不听话。因此A选项“不听话”正确。B选项“懒惰”，C选项“缺少智慧”，D选项“虚荣”在文中均没有提及，所以B,C,D错误。

3.客观细节题。A选项“有些孩子开始吸烟是出于好奇心”，B选项“许多孩子开始吸烟是因为他们想显得成熟”，由原文Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood（这些因素包括是否有香烟、好奇心、叛逆、显得强硬、对成年的期待）可知，好奇心和想显得成熟属于儿童吸烟的原因，A,B选项表述正确，排除A,B。C选项“为了让更少的儿童吸烟，父母、教师和卫生保健人员不应该吸烟”，由原文Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.（权威人士，特别是父母、卫生保健工作者和教师树立的榜样至关重要。）可知，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“防止儿童开始吸烟并不像劝阻成人吸烟那样困难”，由原文Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.（防止儿童开始吸烟应该比说服成年人戒掉吸烟的习惯要容易得多，但事实证明这是非常困难的。）可知，防止儿童开始吸烟比劝阻成年人吸烟更困难，D选项不符合原文，所以本题选D。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三、四句Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises.ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporalpunishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.（校规应该禁止儿童在校内吸烟。这条规定已被引入夏山学校，在那里我推行了我的规定，甚至在那些试图通过体罚来强制禁止吸烟的学校，吸烟的人数也和其他学校一样多。），说明禁止吸烟的校规可能作用不大，但作者还是坚持引入这条规定。因此C选项“应该引入，尽管它可能不会有效地发挥作用”正确。A选项“应该实行，因为这在他曾经就读的学校里确实有效”，B选项“不应该实行，因为它可能会引起骚乱”，D选项“只要教师不在孩子面前吸烟，就不需要引入”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,D错误。

5.观点态度题。结合全文可知，文章客观分析了吸烟儿童的特点、原因，和为了防止儿童吸烟可以采取的措施，整篇文章的态度是客观的，不带有主观褒贬或个人感情色彩。因此A选项“客观的”正确。B选项“感性的”，C选项“批判的”，D选项“无动于衷的”均不符合题意，所以B,C,D错误。

13.单选题

Thenewsabouttheterriblefloodtheregreatlydiscouraged（）thereforasight-seeing.

问题1选项

A.usfromgoing

B.ustogo

C.ourgoing

D.ourtogo

【答案】A

【解析】句意:关于那个地方的可怕洪水的新闻报道，使我们不想去那蓝观光了。

考查固定搭配。discouragesb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事。

14.单选题

Weagreedtoaccept______theythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.

问题1选项

A.whatever

B.whomever

C.whichever

D.whoever

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我们同意接受他们认为的最好的导游。横线到句尾是跟在谓语动词accept后的宾语从句，横线部分是从句主语，theythought是插入语，was是系动词，thebesttouristguide是表语，主语指的是人，D选项whoever符合题意。A选项whatever和C选项whichever指的是物，B选项whomever是宾格。因此D选项正确。

15.单选题

Ahighlifeexpectancycoupledwithahighcrudebirthrate[A]makesitdifficulttoincreasepercapitaGNP.Finally,peoplehavedifferentviewson[B]whatistheproperrateofpopulation.Somefeelthattheearthistoocrowdedalreadyand[C]thatsocietiesshouldworkforzeropopulationgrowth—theconditioninwhichtheaveragenumberofbirthsanddeaths[D]balancessothatapopulationstopsgrowing.

问题1选项

A.makesitdifficult

B.what

C.that

D.balances

【答案】B

【解析】考查宾语从句。B选项处为宾语从句，如果使用what，主谓应为正序：whattheproperrateofpopulationis。因此此处应将what改为which。

16.单选题

Thecitysigneda/an（

）contractwithItalyinordertomakefulluseoftheirnaturalresourcesandcapital.

问题1选项

A.unusual

B.influential

C.residential

D.reciprocal

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项unusual“不寻常的”；B选项influential“有影响的，有势力的”；C选项residential“住宅的”；D选项reciprocal“互惠的”。句意：为了充分利用其自然资源和资本，该市与意大利签订了互惠合约。选项D符合句意。

17.单选题

Thecountryisnowundergoinganeconomic（

）inwhichbusinessactivityisgreatlyreducedandtheunemploymentrateishigh.

问题1选项

A.flourish

B.accession

C.sanction

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。flourish意为“繁荣，昌盛”；accession意为“增加”；sanction意为“制裁，处罚”；recession意为“经济衰退，不景气”。

句意：这个国家正遭受严重的经济衰退，商业活动大大减少，失业率很高。

18.单选题

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveionsintheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticles,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargerproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorm,earthquakeswhenwindssuchastheMistral,HamsinorSharavareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsetsduplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsoaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes,snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffectofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionisers:smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.Theyclaimthationisersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsbyobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterallitisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexceedingpositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Inaccordancewiththepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Somescientistsbelievethat（）.

问题1选项

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theyfeelratherbad-temperedandshort-fussed.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

问题2选项

A.usinghome-madeelectricalgoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingonartificialfloorcoverings

D.copyingTVprogramsonacomputer

问题3选项

A.nearapoundwithawaterpump

B.closetoaslow-flowingriver

C.highinsomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

问题4选项

A.Ionisers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans

D.Vacuumpumps.

问题5选项

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethandependingonseismography

B.theunusualbehaviorofanimalscannotbetrusted

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographsisreliable

D.earthquake

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“exceedingpositiveionization”可以定位到第二段第一句Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.（当空气中存在大量的正离子时，许多人会产生头痛、疲劳、易怒等不良反应，一些特别敏感的人会感到恶心甚至精神障碍。），说明大量正离子会导致一些人容易脾气暴躁。因此B选项“他们觉得自己脾气相当不好，很暴躁”正确。A选项“他们认为自己疯了”，C选项“他们会变得非常虚弱”，D选项“他们太累了，什么也做不了”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“staticelectricity”可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsetsduplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.（也可能是由于室内地毯、人造纤维衣服、电视机、复印机、电脑屏幕产生的静电积聚造成的。），说明能够引起静电的有地毯、衣物等人造纤维、电视、复印机和电脑等。因此C选项“在人造地板覆盖物上行走”正确。A选项“使用自制的电器产品”，B选项“穿天然材料的衣服”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B错误。D选项“在电脑上录制电视节目”虽然有电视和电脑，但并不属于能够从原文推断的范围，所以D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“negativeion”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.（相反，当大量的负离子出现时，那么人们就会有一种幸福感。产生这些大量负离子的自然条件是靠近大海，靠近瀑布或喷泉，或在任何有水喷出，或形成水花的地方。），说明大量负离子的产生条件是水喷溅形成水花。因此D选项“旋转式喷水器”正确。A选项“在有水泵的地方附近”，B选项“靠近缓流河流的地方”，C选项“在一些荒山上”均不是能产生喷溅水花的地点，所以A，B，C错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“machine”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionisers:smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.（为了增加室内负离子的供应，一些科学家建议使用离子发生器：一种小型便携式设备，可以产生负离子。），说明离子发生器可以产生负离子。因此A选项“离子发生器”正确。B选项“空调”，C选项“排气扇”，D选项“真空泵”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Afterallitisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.（毕竟依靠地震读数来预测地震是否比观察猫更有效，还有待商榷。），说明有些科学家认为通过地震仪来预测地震不一定有效，可能还不如观察动物。因此A选项“观察动物预测地震比依靠地震仪更有效”正确。B选项“动物的异常行为不可信”，C选项“观察和使用地震仪都不可靠”，D选项“地震”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

19.单选题

Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercarisstillthere.She（）bybus.

问题1选项

A.musthavegone

B.shouldhavegone

C.oughttohavegone

D.couldhavegone

【答案】A

【解析】虚拟语气。根据句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，后面应该是肯定的推测，南希一定是坐公交去上班了。A选项musthavegone“一定是”，表示对过去肯定的推测；B选项shouldhavegone和C选项oughttohavegone都表示“本来应该去而未去”；D选项couldhavegone表示“本来能够去而没去”。句意：南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，她一定是坐公交去上班的。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

20.单选题

PitythosewhoaspiretoputtheinitialsPhDaftertheirnames.After16yearsofcloselysupervisededucation,prospectivedoctorsofphilosophyareleftmoreorlessalonetowritetheequivalentofalargebook.Mostsocial-sciencepostgraduateshavestillnotcompletedtheirthesesbythetimetheirgrantrunsoutafterthreeyears.Theymustthengetajobandfinishintheirsparetime,whichcanoftentakeafurtherthreeyears.Bythen,mostnewdoctorsaresicktodeathofthenarrowlydefinedsubjectwhichhasblightedtheirholidaysandruinedtheirevenings.

TheEconomicandSocialResearchCouncil,whichgivesgrantstopostgraduatesocialscientists,wantstogetbettervalueformoneybycuttingshortthisagony.Itwouldliketoseefastercompletionrates:untilrecently,onlyabout25%of