考研考博-英语-唐山职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-唐山职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

It’sageneralpracticeforsmallfactoriesto___moreworkersduringtimesofprosperity,andlayoffsomewhenrecessionhits.

问题1选项

A.takein

B.takeover

C.takeon

D.takeup

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项takein“吸收；领会；欺骗；接待；接受；理解；拘留；欺骗；让……进入；改短”；B选项takeover“接管；接收”；C选项takeon“承担；呈现；具有；流行；接纳；雇用；穿上”；D选项takeup“拿起；开始从事；占据（时间，地方）”。句意：对于小工厂来说，在经济繁荣时期___更多的工人，在经济衰退时裁掉一些工人是普遍做法。根据和后文layoff“解雇；休息；停止工作”对比可知本句表达“在经济繁荣时期雇佣更多的工人”。因此C选项正确。

2.填空题

Who（1）youhowtopreparespecimensforanalysis?Youdoitsowell!I

（2）thatIcoulddoitasskillfullyasyou.UnfortunatelyIwasn’tgivenverygoodtraining（3）labtechniqueswhenIwasastudent.AlthoughIknowyou*retoo（4）tobemyteacher,Iwouldappreciateitifyou’d（5）outanymistakesImake.I’malways（6）toimprove.

大意:是谁教你如何去准备这个分析样本的？你做得这么好！我希望我能和你一样做得精巧。不幸的是，当我是个学生的时候，我在实验技术方面没有受过很好的培训。尽管，我知道你太忙而不能成为我的老师，但是如果你能指出我犯的错误，我会很感激。我总渴望进步。

【答案】1.taught

2.wish

3.in

4.busy

5.point

6.eager

【解析】1.词汇题。根据后面的howtoprepare推测空格处应表示“告诉,教”,且此处应为一般过去时。

2.词汇题。句意:我希望我能和你一样做得精巧。

3.词汇题。In表示“在…方面”。

4.词汇题。句意:我知道你太忙而不能成为我的老师。

5.固定搭配。Pointout指出(错误等)。

6.固定搭配。Beeagerto渴望。

3.单选题

（）aresearchstudent,Iwouldatleastmastertwoforeignlanguages.

问题1选项

A.ShouldIbecome

B.Ishouldbecome

C.WouldIbecome

D.HaveIbecome

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。对将来的虚拟用should+动词原形。这里实际上是if引导的条件句(用了虚拟语气),当省略if时,句子须倒装,所以选项A正确。句意：如果成为一名研究生,我至少会掌握两门外语。

4.单选题

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey（）toviolenceinordertoescape.

问题1选项

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一般来说，动物只有在落入圈套时，为了逃命才会采取暴力行为。

考查动词辨析。proceed继续前进，开始；appeal恳求，呼吁；resort诉诸，凭借某些手段，通常与介词to搭配；incline倾向于。因此无论从搭配还是从语义上来说，C项正确。

5.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishontheAnswerSheet.

时下，在北京的图书馆、博物馆甚至书店里，经常有一些大大小小不同类型的文化讲座，这些讲座，小而言之，只是一次次知识的宣讲，大而言之，则是先进文化的传播。在这方面，中国现代文学馆组织的周末义务讲座无疑是开风气之先、具有示范作用的。这里一时间竟出现了作家学者主动报名讲演，听者以能占有一席之地为荣的局面，可以相信，越来越多的人自觉进入求学殿堂，将大大促进我国国民素质的提升。

【答案】Nowadays,fromlibrariesandmuseumsinBeijingtobookstores,thereareoftenculturallecturesondifferentscalesandvariedsizes.Theselectures,inpracticalterms,arerepeatedknowledgeimpartations.Intheoreticalterms,they’rethedisseminationofadvancedculture.Inthisregard,theweekendlecturesorganizedbytheMuseumofModernChineseLiteratureareundoubtedlypioneeringandexemplary.Here,manywritersandscholarsvolunteertobeenteredforopportunitiestogivelectureswhiletheaudienceishonoredwhengivenaseat.Itcanbebelievedthatmoreandmorepeopleconsciouslyintotheeducationalprograms,whichwillgreatlypromotethenationalqualityofourcitizens.

6.单选题

This（）tothestudyofdiseasesistechnicallyreferredtoasepidemiological.

问题1选项

A.method

B.solution

C.means

D.approach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。由句意可知，tothestudyofdiseases修饰空缺处的名词，A、C、D三个选项都可以表示“方法，方式”，但是只有approach可以与to搭配表示“.…..的方法”，method和means后不接to。solution表示“解决方案”，与句意不符，可排除。因此，本题正确答案为D项。【句意】这种疾病研究方法在技术上称之为流行病学法。

7.填空题

HowMarketersTargetKids

[A]Kidsrepresentanimportantdemographictomarketersbecausetheyhavetheirownpurchasingpower,theyinfluencetheirparents'buyingdecisionsandtheyaretheadultconsumersofthefuture.Industryspendingonadvertisingtochildrenhasexplodedinthepastdecade,increasingfromamere$100millionin1990tomorethan$2billionin2000.

[B]Parentstodayarewillingtobuymorefortheirkidsbecausetrendssuchassmallerfamilysize,dualincomesandpostponingchildrenuntillaterinlifemeanthatfamilieshavemoredisposableincome.Aswell,guiltcanplayaroleinspendingdecisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeirkids.Herearesomeofthestrategiesmarketersemploytotargetkids:

PesterPower

[C]Today’skidshavemoreautonomyanddecision-makingpowerwithinthefamilythaninpreviousgenerations,soitfollowsthatkidsarevocalaboutwhattheywanttheirparentstobuy."Pesterpower"referstochildren’sabilitytonagtheirparentsintopurchasingitemstheymaynototherwisebuy.Marketingtochildrenisallaboutcreatingpesterpower,becauseadvertisersknowwhatapowerfulforceitcanbe.

[D]Accordingtothe2001marketingindustrybookKidfluence,pesteringornaggingcanbedividedintotwocategories—“persistence”and"importance".Persistencenagging（apleathatisrepeatedoverandoveragain）isnotaseffectiveasthemoresophisticate“importancenagging".Thislattermethodappealstoparents'desiretoprovidethebestfortheirchildren,andplaysonanyguilttheymayhaveaboutnothavingenoughtimefortheirkids.

TheMarriageofpsychologyandMarketing

[E]Toeffectivelymarkettochildren,advertisersneedtoknowwhatmakeskidstick.Withthehelpofwell-paidresearchersandpsychologists,advertisersnowhaveaccesstoin-depthknowledgeaboutchildren’sdevelopmental,emotionalandsocialneedsatdifferentages.Usingresearchthatanalyzeschildren’sbehavior,fantasylives,artwork,eventheirdreams,companiesareabletocraftsophisticatedmarketingstrategiestoreachyoungpeople.

[F]Theissueofusingchildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkidsgainedwidespreadpublicattentionin1999,whenagroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsissuedapubliclettertotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation（APA.urgingthemtodeclarethepracticeunethical.TheAPAiscurrentlystudyingtheissue.

BuildingBrandNameLoyalty.

[G]CanadianauthorNaomiKleintracksthebirthof"brand"marketinginher2000bookNoLogo.AccordingtoKlein,themid-1980ssawthebirthofanewkindofcorporation—Nike,CalvinKlein,TommyHilfiger,tonameafew—whichchangedtheirprimarycorporatefocusfromproducingproductstocreatinganimagefortheirbrandname.Bymovingtheirmanufacturingoperationstocountrieswithcheaplabor,theyfreedupmoneytocreatetheirpowerfulmarketingmessages.Ithasbeenatremendouslyprofitableformula,andhasledtothecreationofsomeofthemostwealthyandpowerfulmulti-nationalcorporationstheworldhasseen.

[H]Marketersplanttheseedsofbrandrecognitioninveryyoungchildren,inthehopesthattheseedswillgrowintolifetimerelationships.AccordingtotheCenterforaNewAmericanDream,babiesasyoungassixmonthsofagecanformmentalimagesofcorporatelogosandmascots.Brandloyaltiescanbeestablishedasearlyasagetwo,andbythetimechildrenheadofftoschoolmostcanrecognizehundredsofbrandlogos.Whilefastfoodtoyandclothingcompanieshavebeencultivatingbrandrecognitioninchildrenforyears,adult-orientedbusinessessuchasbanksandautomakersarenowgettinginontheact.

BuzzorStreetMarketing

[T]Thechallengeformarketersistocutthroughtheintenseadvertisingclutter（杂乱）inyoungpeople'slives.Manycompaniesareusing"buzzmarketing"anewtwistonthetried-and-true"wordofmouth"method.TheideaistofindthecoolestkidsinacommunityandhavethemuseorwearyourproductinordertocreateabuzzarounditBuzzor"streetmarketing’’，asit'salsocalled,canhelpacompanytosuccessfullyconnectwiththeelusive（难找的）teenmarketbyusingtrendsetterstogivethemproducts"cool"status.

[J]Buzzmarketingisparticularlywell-suitedtotheInternet,whereyoung"Netpromoters"usechatroomsandblogstospreadthewordaboutmusic,clothesandotherproductsamongunsuspectingusers.

CommercializationinEducation

[K]Schoolusedtobeaplacewherechildrenwereprotectedfromtheadvertisingandconsumermessagesthatpermeatedtheirworld—butnotanymore.Budgetshortfallsareforcingschoolboardstoallowcorporationsaccesstostudentsinexchangeforbadlyneededcash,computersandeducationalmaterials.

[L]Corporationsrealizethepoweroftheschoolenvironmentforpromotingtheirnameandproducts.Aschoolsettingdeliversacaptiveyouthaudienceandimpliestheendorsementofteachersandtheeducationalsystem.Marketersareeagerlyexploitingthismediuminanumberofways,including:1）sponsorededucationalmaterials;2）supplyingschoolswithtechnologyinexchangeforhighcompanyvisibility;3）advertising,postedinclassrooms,schoolbuses,oncomputersinexchangeforfunds;4）contestsandincentiveprograms:forexample,thePizzaHutreadingincentivesprograminwhichchildrenreceivecertificatesforfreepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal;5）sponsoringschoolevents.

TheInternet

[M]TheInternetisanextremelydesirablemediumformarketerswantingtotargetchildren.It’spartofyouthculture.ThisgenerationofyoungpeopleisgrowingupwiththeInternetasadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.Kidsareoftenonlinealone,withoutparentalsupervision.Unlikebroadcastingmedia,whichhavecodesregardingadvertisingtokids,theInternetisunregulated.Sophisticatedtechnologiesmakeiteasytocollectinformationfromyoungpeopleformarketingresearch,andtotargetindividualchildrenwithpersonalizedadvertising.

MarketingAdultEntertainmenttoKids

[N]Childrenareoftenawareofandwanttoseeentertainmentmeantforolderaudiencesbecauseitisactivelymarketedtothem.Inareportreleasedin2000,theU.S.FederalTradeCommission（FTC.revealedhowthemovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesroutinelymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.

[O]TheFTCstudied44filmsrated“Restricted”，anddiscoveredthat80percentweretargetedtochildrenunder17.MarketingplansincludedTVcommercialsrunduringhourswhenyoungviewersweremostlikelytobewatching.TheFTCreportalsohighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.Matureandteenratedvideogamesareadvertisedinyouthmagazines:andtoysbasedon“Restricted”moviesandM-ratedvideogamesaremarketedtochildrenasyoungasfour.

1.Guiltcanaffectparents’spendingdecisionsbecausetheydon’thaveenoughtimefortheirkids.

2.TheCenterforaNewAmericanDreampointedoutthatbrandloyaltiescouldbeformedasearlyasagetwo.

3.Schoolboardsallowcorporationstoaccesstostudentsbecausetheyneedmoneyandeducationalmaterialsbadly.

4.TheFTCreporthighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.

5.Forthisgenerationofyoungpeople,theInternetisadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.

6.AccordingtoKidfluence,“persistencenagging"islesseffectivethanthemoresophisticated“importancenagging”.

7.AccordingtoareportreleasedbytheU.SFederalTradeCommission,themovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesusuallymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.

8.Buzzmarketingiswell-suitedtotheInternetbecausetheinteractiveenvironmentcanspreadmessageseffectively.

9.AgroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsthinkthatitisunethicaltousechildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkids.

10.AccordingtothePizzaHutreadingincentivesprogram,childrenwillreceivecertificatesforfleepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal.

【答案】1.B

2.H

3.K

4.O

5.M

6.D

7.N

8.J

9.F

10.L

【解析】1.题干句意：内疚会影响父母的消费决定，因为他们没有足够的时间照顾孩子。题干中的guilt以及decision定位到B段，并且题干是对“guiltcanplayaroleinspendingdecisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeirkids.当时间紧张的父母用物质产品来替代和孩子在一起的时间时，负罪感会在消费决定中扮演一个角色。”的同义改写。

2.由题干关键词theCenterforaNewAmericanDream,brandloyalties和agetwo。定位到［H］段。该段第三句Brandloyaltiescanbeestablishedasearlyasagetwo.andbythetimechildrenheadofftoschoolmostcanrecognizehundredsofbrandlogos.品牌忠诚可以在两岁的时候就建立起来。到孩子们上学的时候，大多数人都能认出几百个商标。与题干意思一致。

3.关键词schoolboards出现在［K］段。该段第二句Budgetshortfallsareforcingschoolboardstoallowcorporationsaccesstostudentsinexchangeforbadlyneededcash,computersandeducationalmaterials.预算短缺迫使学校董事会允许企业接触学生，以换取急需的现金、电脑和教育材料。与题干意思一致。

4.关键词FTCreport和highlightedthefactthattoysbasedon出现在[O]段。该段第三句TheFTCreportalsohighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.联邦贸易委员会的报告还强调了这样一个事实，即以成人娱乐作品中的人物为原型的玩具通常是面向儿童销售的。与题干意思一致。

5.关键词hisgenerationofyoungpeople和Internet，相关内容出现在［M］段，该段第三句ThisgenerationofyoungpeopleisgrowingupwiththeInternetasadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.互联网伴随着这一代年轻人长大，互联网是他们日常生活的一部分。与题干意思一致。

6.题干的关键词persistencenagging，effective和importancenagging出现在［D］段，pesteringornaggingcanbedividedintotwocategories—“persistence”and"importance".Persistencenagging(apleathatisrepeatedoverandoveragain)isnotaseffectiveasthemoresophisticate“importancenagging".纠缠或唠叨可以分为两类——“坚持”和“重要性”。坚持不懈的唠叨(一遍又一遍重复的请求)不如更老练的“重要性的唠叨”有效。与题干意思一致。

7.题干信息出现在[N]段第二句“Inareportreleasedin2000,theU.S.FederalTradeCommission(FTC.revealedhowthemovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesroutinelymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.在2000年发布的一份报告中，美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)披露了电影、音乐和电子游戏行业是如何向儿童推销暴力娱乐产品的。”与题干信息一致。

8.题干信息出现在[J]段Buzzmarketingisparticularlywell-suitedtotheInternet,whereyoung"Netpromoters"usechatroomsandblogstospreadthewordaboutmusic,clothesandotherproductsamongunsuspectingusers.口碑营销特别适合于互联网，年轻的“网络推手”利用聊天室和博客向毫无戒心的用户传播有关音乐、服装和其他产品的信息。与题干信息一致。

9.题干信息出现在F段Theissueofusingchildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkidsgainedwidespreadpublicattentionin1999,whenagroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsissuedapubliclettertotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA.urgingthemtodeclarethepracticeunethical.1999年，一群美国心理健康专家给美国心理协会(APA)写了一封公开信，敦促他们宣布这种行为是不道德的。与题干信息一致。

10.题干信息出现在L段：contestsandincentiveprograms:forexample,thePizzaHutreadingincentivesprograminwhichchildrenreceivecertificatesforfreepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal;竞赛和奖励计划:例如必胜客阅读奖励计划，如果孩子达到每月阅读目标，就可以获得免费披萨的证书。

8.单选题

Glassthathasbeentemperedmaybeupto（）.

问题1选项

A.fivetimesashardasordinaryglass

B.ashardasordinaryglassfivetimes

C.hardasordinaryglassasfivetimes

D.asfivetimeshardordinaryglass

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。考查倍数表达：倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+其它。句意：钢化玻璃的硬度可能是普通玻璃的五倍。因此A项正确。

9.单选题

Youprobablyknowthatit'sbetterforbothyouandtheenvironmentifyoubuyanorganictomatoinsteadofonethat7sbeendousedinpesticides,buttherearelotsofotherthingstoconsiderbeforeventuringdowntheaisleofyourlocalsupermarket(orfarmer'smarket).

Theexplosionin（1）produceandotherfoodsduringthelastfewyearshasbeenanextremely（2）developmentinthefoodindustry.However,（3）stillexistsaboutexactlywhattheorganic（4）means.

Doyouknowthedifferencebetweenacerealthat's“organic,100%organic”,and“madewithorganic（5）?TheUSDAhasclearlydefinedstandardsthat（6）whichofthoselabelscanlegallygoonyourraisinbran.Youcanlearnmoreaboutthem.

Organicfoodsaregreat,butthejuryisstillverymuchout（7）anothernewdevelopmentinthefoodworld:genetically（8）organisms(GMOs).Nooneknowsforcertaintheshortand（9）effectsoftheseproductsofgeneengineering,（10）there'sachancetheycouldleadtothe（11）creationof“superweeds”or（12）withnaturalplantstocks,formoreinformationonGMOs,werecommendvisiting.

（13）you’reshopping,don’tforgettoconsiderthecompaniesbehindthe（14）names.Onecerealcompanymightbeanenvironmentalchampion,（15）theothermanufacturesitscornflakesvia（16）environmentalpractices.Aneasywaytocomparetwocompaniesistouse（17）suchas.Theypresentboththegoodandbadsidesofeverycompanythey（18）,andtheygradehundredsofcompaniesonsocial,ethicalandenvironmentalissues.

Remember:（19）consciousshoppingisapowerfultoolforeffectingchange.Youcanmakeadifferenceeverytimeyoufillyour（20）cart.

问题1选项

A.green

B.organic

C.healthy

D.optional

问题2选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.active

D.passive

问题3选项

A.controversy

B.contribution

C.conversion

D.confusion

问题4选项

A.label

B.mark

C.word

D.food

问题5选项

A.components

B.genes

C.ingredients

D.compositions

问题6选项

A.determine

B.illustrate

C.recommend

D.demonstrate

问题7选项

A.in

B.to

C.for

D.on

问题8选项

A.moved

B.modified

C.modeled

D.motivated

问题9选项

A.long-run

B.long-term

C.long-day

D.long-distance

问题10选项

A.while

B.and

C.but

D.or

问题11选项

A.unconditional

B.unexceptional

C.unintentional

D.uncontroversial

问题12选项

A.interfere

B.intervene

C.interact

D.intrude

问题13选项

A.Anytime

B.Anytime

C.Sometime

D.Sometime

问题14选项

A.brand

B.code

C.product

D.family

问题15选项

A.when

B.while

C.as

D.because

问题16选项

A.constructive

B.destructive

C.instructive

D.obstructive

问题17选项

A.sights

B.addresses

C.sites

D.webs

问题18选项

A.profit

B.profile

C.propose

D.protect

问题19选项

A.socially

B.conditionally

C.morally

D.environmentally

问题20选项

A.nursery

B.grocery

C.bakery

D.stationery

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:B

第10题:C

第11题:D

第12题:A

第13题:A

第14题:A

第15题:B

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:B

第19题:D

第20题:B

【解析】（1）句意：在过去的几年里，产品和其他食品急剧增长。根据下文多次organic可知选项B符合原文。

（2）根据原文可知，有机物产品和其他食品上的急剧增长对食品业的发展产生的是积极的影响。选项A正确。

（3）controversy论争，论战，辩论；contribution贡献；conversion对话；confusion混淆。上一句提到积极影响，立马转折，说明这里指存在着争议。选项A符合句意。

（4）label标签；mark标志。将organic描述为标签更恰当，指对这一类产品的分类。

（5）components零件，构成要素；genes基因；ingredients成分，因素；compositions写作，作曲。根据原文可知，这里指有机产品的成分。

（6）determine确定，决定；illustrate举例说明，阐明；recommend推荐，劝告；demonstrate证实，证明。句意：美国农业部已经制定了明确的标准，确定哪些标签可以合法地贴在葡萄和麦片上。选项A符合句意。

（7）句意：有机食品是很不错，但是评审委员对食品行业的另外一种创新产品依旧知之甚少。这里的on指对于，关于。选项D正确。

（8）geneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs)是固定搭配，意为转基因生物。

（9）long-run长远的；long-term长期的；long-day搭配错误；long-distance长距离的。句意：没有人确切知道这些基因工程产品的短期和长期的影响。选项B符合原文。

（10）根据上下文句意可知这里表示转折，所以用but。

（11）unconditional无条件的，绝对的，无限制的；unexceptional非例外的，普通的；unintentional无心的，无意识的；uncontroversial不会引起争议的。句意：也有可能生成一种的创新产品“超级种子”。选项D符合原文。

（12）interfere妨碍，抵触，冲突，介入；intervene干涉，调停；internet互相作用，互相影响；intrude强挤入，闯入，侵入。句意：或者会农作物的自然生长。选项A符合原文。

（13）Anytime任何时候，无论何时；Anytime在任何时候；Sometime在某一时候，有时；Sometime一段时间。句意：当你购物的时候，请不要忘了考虑商标背后的生产商。选项A符合原文。

（14）brandname为固定搭配，指商标。

（15）前后两个句子形成对比，所以用while更恰当。

（16）constructive建设性的，有益的；destructive破坏的，消极的，毁灭性的；instructive有益的，教育性的；obstructive阻碍的，妨碍的。两个句子形成对比，上句是环保，下句当然是破坏环境，所以选项B符合原文。

（17）suchas后面的内容是一串网址，所以本题选C。sights见解，看法；addresses地址；sites网址，站点；webs网络。

（18）句意：这些网址展示了它们所描述的每家公司的优缺点。profit获利，有益于；profile扼要描述，描出……的轮廓；propose计划，建议；protect保护。选项B符合原文。

（19）socially在社交方面，在社会地位上；conditionally附有条件地；morally正常地；environmentally有关环境方面。句意：具有意识的消费是实现改变的强大工具。根据上文可知选项D正确。

（20）nursery护士；grocery杂货；bakery面包店；stationery文具。句意：你可以在每次装满购物车的时候都有所作为。grocerycart为常用搭配，指购物车。选项B正确。

10.单选题

Theuseofdeferential（敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly（谨言慎行）intheworld,”elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.

Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic（语言的）ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknownas“men’s.”This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage.Indeed,wedidn'thearabout“men’slanguage’，untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls'appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”ofwomen’slanguagewhichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality-andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.

YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto”—afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls’useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk”or“mothertalk”inroleplay.

ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchangeofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“niasculization”ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine”.KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelationstolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“liberated”or“hip”speech.

1.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail（

）.

2.Whatchangehasbeenobservedintoday’syoungJapanesewomen?

3.Howdosomepeoplereacttowomen’sappropriationofmen’slanguageformsasreportedintheJapanesemedia?

4.AccordingtoYoshikoMatsumoto,thelinguisticbehaviorobservedintoday'syoungwomen

（

）.

5.TheauthorbelievesthattheuseofassertivelanguagebyyoungJapanesewomenis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomen

B.theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan

C.thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamilies

D.thenormsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow

问题2选项

A.Theypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticbehavior.

B.Theusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticforms.

C.Theyconfusemaleandfemaleformsoflanguage.

D.Theyemployverystronglinguisticexpressions.

问题3选项

A.Theycallforacampaigntostopthedefeminization.

B.Theseeitasanexpressionofwomen’ssentiment

C.Theyacceptitasamodemtrend.

D.Theyexpressstrongdisapproval.

问题4选项

A.mayleadtochangesinsocialrelations

B.hasbeentrueofallpastgenerations

C.isviewedasasignoftheirmaturity

D.isaresultofrapidsocialprogress

问题5选项

A.asuresignoftheirdefeminizationandmaturation

B.anindicationoftheirdefianceagainstsocialchange

C.oneoftheirstrategiestocompeteinamale-dominatedsociety

D.aninevitabletrendoflinguisticdevelopmentinJapantoday

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一句就点明主旨:Theuseofdeferential（敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan(使用敬语是儒家理想女性的象征，它主宰着日本保守的性别规范),可知B“儒家思想统治着日本严格的性别规范”正确。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknownas“men’s(她们很少使用恭顺的“女性”用语，却使用为数不多的强势的“男性”用语),可知B“很少使用恭顺的语言表达”正确。

3.细节事实题。第二段指出:This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage(这当然吸引了大量关注，日本媒体强烈抗议女性语言的‘去女性化’)。因此选D“他们强烈反对”。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词YoshikoMatsumoto定位至第三段:YoshikoMatsuniotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen(YoshikoMastumoto指出，年轻女性可能从未使用过老一辈女性使用的高级别敬语)。以及Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto’’-afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell(毫无疑问，人们是期望年轻女性能够使用这种非常礼貌的用语的，毕竟它不仅仅是女性的象征，还是成熟和教养的象征，而且这种语言的使用标志着个人社会关系性质的变化)。因此推断现代年轻女性的用语习惯也是可以导致个人社会关系的改变的,故选A。

5.细节事实题。第四段:KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout(KatsueReynolds曾指出，如今为了能在校内外和男孩竞争，女孩使用更为自信的语言策略),因此选C“是在男权社会竞争的一种策略”。

11.单选题

Fuelscarcities（）automobiledesignerstodevelopsmall-displacementvehiclesforpublicuse.

问题1选项

A.prompted

B.encouraged

C.fomented

D.spotlighted

【答案】A

【解析】句意:燃料短缺促使汽车设计师开发供公众使用的小排量汽车。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。prompt提示，促使，激起；encourage鼓励，激励；foment煽动，挑起；；spotlight聚光照明，使公众注意。因此A符合句意。

12.单选题

Manypeopledreadgoingonforeignassignments一sometimesevenbeforethey’vegoneonone.Theyhearstoriesabouthowexhaustinganddisorientingbusinesstravelcanbe.Theyworryaboutgettingsick,gettinglonely,orgettingkilled.They’reafraidtheywon’tbelikedorthattheywon’tsucceed.Butthefactisthatformanypeopleaforeignassignmentcanbetheopportunityandthrillofalifetime.

TheWallStreetJournalreportsthestoryofJohnAliberti,whohadspenthiscareerworkingtobecomeamidlevelmanagerforUnionSwitchinPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Alibertiseemedlikeanoddchoiceforanoverseasassignment:Hehadnoexperienceininternationaltravelandbusiness.ButwhenhewaschosentorepresentthecompanyastechnicalexpertandrepresentativeinChina,Alibertirespondedwithenthusiasm:“Backhome,theworkwedo,it’sbeendonefordecades.InChinayou’rebreakingnewground.It’samilestoneinthehistoryoftheworld.”

ByviewinghisChinaassignmentasanexcitingadventure,Alibertilargelybypassedthenegativeeffectsofcultureshock.AccordingtotheWallStreetJournal,“Thecrowdsandchaoticlinesdon’tfazehim.Hebecomesanimatedtellingstoriesoflongtraintripstoout-of-the-waycitieslikeNanchang,whereUnionSwitchishelpingtobuildarailroadyard...”

Aliberti’senthusiasticattitudeandhisactiveinterestinlearningaboutthecultureandbusinesspracticesinChinahavehelpedhimbecomeacentralfigureinhiscompany’sChinaoperations.HisjobinPittsburghistworungsbelowvicepresident.InChina,accordingtohisboss,“HeactslikeapresidentorCEO.That’sgottoturnhimon.”

1.JohnAlibertiseemedHkeanoddchoiceforoverseasassignmentbecause（）.

2.“Alibertilargelybypassedthenegativeeffectsofcultureshock.”“Bypass”（Para.3）means

3.ThefollowingstatementsarecorrectaboutJoh