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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林电子信息职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

70年代以来,美国华人社会发生了重大的变化。最显著的是许多来自大陆的中国人不断涌入美国,使美国华人的人数猛增。

【答案】Sincethe1970s,majorchangeshavetakenplaceinChineseAmericansociety.Mostnotably,theinfluxofmanyChinesefrommainlandChinaintotheUnitedStateshasledtoasurgeinthenumberofChineseAmericans.

2.单选题

Homeeconomistsrecommend______inlargequantities.

问题1选项

A.tobuybasicfooditems

B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood

C.buyingbasicfooditems

D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.tobuybasicfooditems购买基本食品B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood购买基本食品

C.buyingbasicfooditems购买基本食品D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood购买基本食品

【答案】C

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】fooditems是常见搭配,表示“食品”,可先排除B、D项;recommend可以和todo搭配,也可以与doing搭配,但是如果后面跟不定式,recommend后面要跟sb.,recommendsb.todosth.表示“建议某人去做某事”;如果后面跟doing,recommend可以直接跟,recommenddoingsth.表示“建议做某事”,所以此处选择C项。

【干扰项排除】

A项要加sb.才符合搭配,故排除;

B、D项不符合固定搭配。

【句意】家庭经济学家建议大量购买基本食品。

3.单选题

Youmayneverexperienceanearthquakeoravolcaniceruptioninyourlife,butyouwill()changesintheland.

问题1选项

A.adapt

B.adopt

C.witness

D.define

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapt“适应,改编”;B选项adopt“采取,接受”;C选项witness“目击,见证”;D选项define“定义,规定”。句意:在你的生命中你可能从来没有经历过地震或火山爆发,但是你将见证这片土地的变化。选项C符合语境。

4.单选题

InpartsoftheArctic,thelandgradesintothelandfasticeso(

)thatyoucanwalkoffthecoastandnotknowyouareoverthehiddensea.

问题1选项

A.permanently

B.imperceptibly

C.irregular

D.precariously

【答案】B

【解析】副词辨析题。A选项permanently“永久地,长期不变地”;B选项imperceptibly“极细微地,察觉不到地”;C选项irregularly“不规则地,不整齐地”;D选项precariously“不安全地,不牢靠地”。根据句意‘在北极的部分地区,陆地逐渐变成固定冰,这一点难以觉察。你可以远离海岸,却不知道自己在隐秘的海洋之上。’B选项正确。

5.翻译题

从一定角度上看,教育的目的实质上就是通过生存知识的获得和生存能力的提高而使受教育者为未来的生活做好准备;而社会教育就是通过社会方式来实现这一目的。对于任何人来说,生活可以有两个目标:一是达到或维持基本的生存水平,二是提高到更高层次。为达到这两个目标——其实生活中它们是融合在一起的,一般不会有人把两者割裂开来——任何时代、任何区域和社会阶层都会对作为社会成员生活在这一时空与社会交叉点上的人有一个基本或起码的知识和能力客观要求。

【答案】Fromacertainpointofview,thepurposeofeducationistomaketheeducatedprepareforthefuturelifethroughtheacquisitionofsurvivalknowledgeandtheimprovementofsurvivalability.Socialeducationistoachievethisgoalthroughsocialmeans.Foranyone,lifecanhavetwogoals.Oneistoachieveormaintainabasiclevelofsurvival,andtheotheristoimprovetoahigherlevel.Inordertoachievethesetwogoals—infact,theyareintegratedinlife,andgenerallynoonewillcutthemapart—anyera,anyregionandsocialclasswillhaveabasicorminimumobjectiverequirementofknowledgeandabilityforpeoplelivingattheintersectionoftime,spaceandsocietyasmembersofthesociety.

6.单选题

Theadoffour-wheeledvehiclegivesviewersafeelingof()thatnomatterwhathappensweatherwise,nomatterhowmuchitsnowsorhowbadthemudslidesare,youcangooutinyourfour-wheeldrive.

问题1选项

A.invulnerability

B.irrationality

C.ambiguity

D.simplicity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项invulnerability“刀枪不入,不会受伤害”;B选项irrationality“不合理,无理性”;C选项ambiguity“含糊,不明确”;D选项simplicity“朴素,简易”。句意:四轮汽车的广告给观众一种无坚不摧的感觉,不管天气如何,不管下多大的雪,不管泥石流有多严重,都可以开着四轮汽车出门。本句表示四轮汽车不会受到伤害。因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

I’djustassoon(

)rudelytoher.

问题1选项

A.thatyouwon’tspeak

B.yournotspeaking

C.younotspeak

D.youdidn’tspeak

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我倒宁愿你没有粗鲁地对她说话。

语法题。考查虛拟语气。由句中关键词“justassoon倒宁愿”的对应知这里应该用一般过去时来表示与现在事实(即你粗鲁地对她说话)相反的虚拟语气,故D项“youdidn’tspeak”正确。

8.单选题

TheFrencheducationsystemisverydifferentfromtheEnglishoneinitsaims,itsorganizationanditsresults.TheFrenchchildtoo,therawmaterialofthiseducationisunliketheEnglishchildanddifferencesintherawmaterialmaywellaccountfordifferencesintheprocessesemployed.

TheFrenchchild,boyorgirl,givesonetheimpressionofbeingintellectuallymoreprecociousthantheproductofthechillierEnglishclimate.Thisisencouragedbyhisupbringingamongadults,notinanursery.Englishparentsreadilyadapttheirconversationtothechild'spointofviewandinterestthemselvesmoreinhisgamesandchildishpreoccupation.TheEnglishare,asregardsnationalcharacter,youngerthantheFrench,or,toputitanotherway,thereisinEnglandnodeepdivisionbetweenthelifeofthechildandthatofthegrownman.TheartoftalkingtochildreninthekindoflanguagetheyunderstandissomuchanEnglishartthatmostoftheFrenchchildren'sfavoritebooksaretranslationsfromtheEnglish.

Frenchparentsontheotherhand,dotheirbesttodevelopthechild'sintelligenceasrapidlyaspossible.Theyhavelittlepatiencewithchildishideaseveniftheydonotgosofarastolookuponchildhoodasanunfortunatebutnecessarypreludetoadultlife.Notthattheyneedtoforcethechild,forheusuallylendshimselfwillinglytotheprocess,andenjoystheeffectofhisunexpectedlycleverremarksandunusualsayingsandofhisbrightjudgmentofmenandthings.ItisnotwithoutsignificancethattheFrenchmotherinsteadofappealingtothechild'sheartbyaskinghimtobegoodappealstohisreasonbyaskinghimtobewise.ReasonablenessislookedforearlyinFrance,andtheageofreasonisfixedatsevenyears.

1.IncomparingFrenchandEnglisheducationtheauthorindicatesthat().

2.ThepassagesuggeststhattheFrenchchild().

3.Theword"prelude"inthephrase"…,butnecessarypreludetoadultlife"(inthe2ndsentenceofParagraph3)probablymeans().

4.IncomparisonwithFrenchchildren,Englishchildren().

5.Frenchmothers().

问题1选项

A.agreatdealcanbelearntbybothcountries

B.differencesshouldnotbelookedforonlyinthemethods

C.theFrenchchildneedsfarmoretraining

D.themaindifferencesareinthechildren

问题2选项

A.isasheisbecauseoftheclimate

B.onlyassociateswithadults

C.isnottreatedasachild

D.isforcedtobehavelikeanadult

问题3选项

A.introductorystage

B.consequentevent

C.inevitableresult

D.acceptablereason

问题4选项

A.arelessintelligent

B.canstandchillierclimate

C.receivemorecarefromtheirparents

D.haveshorterchildhood

问题5选项

A.knowhowtoappealtowhatisbestintheirchildren

B.arethemostsignificantinfluenceintheirchildren'slives

C.theirchildren'sunexpectedlycleverremarks

D.lackpatienceineverything

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第一段的内容可知,英国和法国在教育体系方面有着很大的差别。同时,作为教育的"原材料",两个国家的孩子们也存在着区别。教育所采取的方法不同是因为原材料不同,即因人而异。由此可推断,教育上的差异,不仅是教育方法不同,"原材料"也存在差异。所以选项B正确。

2.细节推断题。根据二三的的内容可知,法国的父母总是以成年人的思维对待和要求孩子,所以选项C符合原文。

3.introductorystage引入时期;consequentevent随之而来的事情;inevitableresult必然结果;acceptablereason可接受的原因。根据上下文的内容,儿童时期是成人生活的前奏,选项A符合原文。

4.细节推断题。根据原文第二段的第三句"Englishparentsreadilyadapttheirconversationtothechild'spointofviewandinterestthemselvesmoreinhisgamesandchildishpreoccupation."英国父母很容易根据孩子的观点调整他们的谈话,并且使自己能够对孩子们的游戏和关注的一些幼稚的东西感兴趣。说明英国的孩子比法国孩子受到父母更多的关爱,选项C正确。

5.细节推断题。根据题干关键词Frenchmothers定位到最后一段的倒数第二句"ItisnotwithoutsignificancethattheFrenchmotherinsteadofappealingtothechild'sheartbyaskinghimtobegoodappealstohisreasonbyaskinghimtobewise."法国母亲不是通过要求孩子做个好人来打动孩子的心,而是通过要求他做个聪明的人来打动他的理智,这并非没有意义。选项A符合原文。

9.单选题

Theabilitytorecognizefacesissoimportantinhumansthatthebrainappearstohaveanareasolelydevotedtothetask:thefusiformgyrus.

Brainimagingstudiesconsistently(1)thatthisregionofthetemporallobebecomesactivewhen

(2)

lookatfaces.Skepticshavecountered,however,thatthesestudiesshowonlya

(3)

,butnotproof,thatactivityinthisareaisessentialforface

(4)

.Now,thankstothewillingnessofanintrepid

(5)

,anewstudyprovidesthefirstcause-and-effect

(6)

thatneuronsinthisareahelphumansrecognizefaces-andonly

(7)

,nototherbodypartsorobjects.

Anunusual

(8)

betweenresearchersandanepilepsypatientledtothe

(9).RonBlackwell,anengineerinSantaClara,California,

(10)StanfordUniversityinPaloAlto,California,in2011seekingbettertreatment

(11)

hisepilepsy.Hehadsufferedseizuressincehewasateenager,andatage47,his

(12)

wasbecominglesseffective.StanfordneurologistJosefParvizi

(13)

someteststolocatethesourceoftheseizures-andalsosuggestedthatitmightbe

(14)

toeliminatetheseizuresbysurgicallydestroyingatiny

(15)

ofbraintissuewheretheyoccurred.

Parviziusedelectrodes

(16)

onBlackwell’sscalptotracetheseizurestothetemporallobe,aboutaninch

(17)

Blackwell’srightear.Then,surgeonsplacedmoreelectrodesonthe

(18)

ofBlackwell’sbrain,nearthesuspectpointoforigininthetemporal

(19).Parvizistimulatedeachelectrodeinturnwithamildcurrent,trying

(20)Blackwell’sseizuresymptomsundersafeconditions.“Ifwegetthosesymptoms,weknowthatweareticklingtheseizurenode,”heexplains.

问题1选项

A.investigate

B.reveal

C.find

D.found

问题2选项

A.researchers

B.people

C.human

D.objects

问题3选项

A.corrosion

B.counterfeit

C.correction

D.objects

问题4选项

A.recognition

B.realization

C.imagination

D.description

问题5选项

A.counterpart

B.fellow

C.sufferer

D.partner

问题6选项

A.evidence

B.source

C.wit

D.facture

问题7选项

A.facets

B.faces

C.facial

D.facile

问题8选项

A.collaboration

B.deliberation

C.matching

D.gathering

问题9选项

A.imagination

B.conclusion

C.combination

D.discovery

问题10选项

A.droveto

B.heldup

C.cameto

D.madewayfor

问题11选项

A.for

B.forth

C.about

D.with

问题12选项

A.treatment

B.medication

C.perception

D.operation

问题13选项

A.pointed

B.managed

C.supplied

D.suggested

问题14选项

A.clear

B.worthy

C.possible

D.certain

问题15选项

A.area

B.segment

C.fragment

D.par

问题16选项

A.installed

B.settled

C.placed

D.distilled

问题17选项

A.around

B.above

C.beneath

D.across

问题18选项

A.surface

B.surficial

C.surfer

D.surfeit

问题19选项

A.scalp

B.section

C.lobe

D.leaf

问题20选项

A.toirrigate

B.totrigger

C.tobarrel

D.toflick

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:C

第11题:A

第12题:B

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:A

第16题:C

第17题:B

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:B

【解析】(1)考查动词词义辨析。investigate调查,研究;reveal揭露,透露;find发现。这里指“通过脑成像研究的发现”,所以C项符合题意。答案C。

(2)考查名词词义辨析。此处意为:当人们看着人脸时,颞叶的这一区域会变得活跃。people这里泛指所有人,故答案为B。

(3)考查名词词义辨析。corrosion腐蚀;counterfeit伪造品;correction改正;objects物体。由后文的“butnotproof没有证据”可知C项正确。答案C。

(4)考查名词词义辨析。recognition识别,承认;realization实现,领悟;imagination想象力;description描述。文章开头就指出“面孔识别能力非常重要”,故A项正确。答案A。

(5)考查名词词义辨析。intrepid勇敢的,无畏的,由于癫痫是一种病,综合上下文,可以知道这里是选择患者。Counterpart配对物;fellow同事;sufferer患者,受害者;partner伙伴,合伙人。答案C。

(6)考查名词词义辨析。evidence证据;source来源;wit智慧;facture制作,发票。通过上下文语境可知,前面还没有有力的证据可以说明两者之间的关系,后面已经找到这种因果证据,所以,可知答案选择A。

(7)考查形近词辨析。facets面状;face脸,表面;facial面部的;facile温和的。神经元只能区别脸部,后面nototherbody

partsorobjects.可知答案为B。

(8)考查名词词义辨析。collaboration合作,勾结;deliberation审议,考虑;matching相配的;gathering聚集。由betweenand可知这里考查的是两者之间的合作,答案A。

(9)考查名词词义辨析。imagination想象;conclusion结论;combination结合;discovery发现。通过上下文的语境可知答案为D。

(10)考查动词词组辨析。droveto驱车前往;heldup举起;cameto前来;madewayfor给······让路此处句意为:布莱克威尔只身来到斯坦福大学参加治疗。只有C项符合语义。答案C。

(11)考查介词词义辨析。for“为,为了;给”,符合题意,答案A。

(12)考查名词词义辨析。treatment“治疗,疗法;medication“药物;药物治疗”,分析上下文可知这里是指药物治疗,所以后面布莱克威尔才来到斯坦福做外科手术。答案B。

(13)考查动词词义辨析。Point指向;supply供应;manage管理;suggest表明。由alsosuggested可以推出此处答案为suggest,答案D。

(14)考查形容词词义辨析。Clear清晰的;worthy值得的;possible可能的;certain肯定的。帕维茨认为是非常可能的,这里只是他的推测,并不是很确定。故答案C。

(15)考查名词词义辨析。area区域,范围;segment段,部分;fragment碎片,片断;par标准,票面价值。由上下文可知答案为A。

(16)考查动词词义辨析。Install安装;settle解决,安排;place放置,任命;distill提取,蒸馏。由“placedmoreelectrodeson加更多电极在···上···”可知C项符合题意。答案C。

(17)考查介词词义辨析。医生将电极放置在布莱克威尔的右耳上一英寸的地方,B项符合句意。答案B。

(18)考查形近词词义辨析。surface表面,表层;surficial地表的;地面的;surfer冲浪运动员,surfeit过度;饮食过度;这里是指将电极放置在大脑的表皮层。答案A。

(19)考查名词词义辨析。Scalp头皮,战利品;section地区;lobe(脑、肺等的)叶,耳垂;leaf叶子。temporallobe表示颞叶,故答案为C。

(20)考查动词词义辨析。trigger引发,触发;irrigate灌溉,冲洗;barrel把······装入桶内;flick轻弹,轻轻拂去。由句意“在安全的条件下尝试了40次去触发布莱克威尔的癫痫症状。”可知答案为B。

10.单选题

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,"wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago."Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline(肾上激素)arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil’sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause"thecarmightbreakdown."Growingupinsuchahome,Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,“ourparticularcreature”refersto(

).

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan

).

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen

).

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat

).

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour(

).

问题1选项

A.fearofsomething

B.publicridicule

C.physicalpain

D.afiercebeast

问题2选项

A.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

B.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves

C.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

D.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream.

问题3选项

A.onecannotstandthedanger

B.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

C.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

D.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis

问题4选项

A.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise

B.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise

C.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger

D.people’sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

问题5选项

A.parents’lifestyle

B.earlyexperiences

C.schooleducation

D.homeeducation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.词义题。文章第一段的首句Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.(在生命的各个阶段,恐惧对每个人来说都几乎是一个问题)是本段的主题句,紧接着HoraceWalpole对所恐惧的东西进行具体的举例,如黑暗、身体疼痛、公开嘲笑、贫困、孤独,破折号后是对恐惧的这些东西的一个总的概括,由本段的主题fear及“forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace(对我们所有人来说,这些特殊的东西藏在一个隐蔽的地方)”可知A选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词usefulemotion定位到文章第二段,由Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.(同样,当危险是心理而不是身体时,恐惧会迫使你采取自我保护措施)可知B选项“帮助我们快速应对危险,保护自己”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词aproblem定位到文章第二段Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.(只有当恐惧与眼前的危险不成比例时,它才会成为一个问题)可知D选项“危险比实际情况更大”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据题干关键词newborn定位到文章第三段,本段的主题句为Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.(有些人比其他人更容易受到恐惧的伤害)。由Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.(从出生起,他或她更容易学会恐惧的反应,因为他或她遗传了一种更敏感的倾向)可知有些人生下来就更容易受到恐惧的影响,举例是为了表明本段的主题句,因此C选项“有些人天生就更容易受到危险的影响”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词psychologists定位到文章第四段,由psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears(心理学家确信我们早期的经历和关系很大程度地塑造和决定了我们日后的恐惧)可知B选项“早期的经历”符合题意。

11.单选题

Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.Often,itprecedesandoccursconcurrentlywithconflict.Stress,asyouhaveseen,canbebroughtonbyphysicalevents,otherpeople’sbehavior,socialsituations,ourownbehavior,feelings,thoughts,oranythingthatresultsinheightenedbodilyawareness.Inmanycases,whenyouexperiencepain,anger,fear,ordepression,theseemotionsarearesponsetoastressfulsituationlikeconflict.

Sometimes,inhighlystressfulconflictsituations,wemustcopewiththestressbeforewecopewiththeconflict.Relievingsomeoftheintensityoftheimmediateemotionalresponsewillallowustobecomemorelogicalandtolerantinresolvingtheconflict.

Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponddifferentlytostress.Somepeoplehandlebothbetterthanothersdo.Individualdifferencesarenotasimportantaslearninghowtomanagethestresswefeel.Thegoalinstressmanagementisself-control,particularlyinthefaceofstressfulevents.

Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.Sitinacomfortablepositioninaquietplacewheretherearenodistractions.Closeyoureyesandpaynoattentiontotheoutsideworld.Concentrateonlyonyourbreathing.Slowlyinhaleandexhale.Now,witheachexhaledbreathsay“relax”gentlyandpassively.Makeitarelaxingexperience.Ifyouusethismethodtohelpyouinconflictsituationsoveraperiodoftime,theword“relax”willbecomeassociatedwithasenseofphysicalcalm;sayingitinastressfulsituationwillhelpinduceasenseofpeace.

Controllingyourthoughtsisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeviews.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Youmustalsokeepfromattachingexaggeratedimportancetoevents.

Everythingseemslife-threateninginamomentofpanic;thingsdiminimportancewhenviewedinretrospect.

1.Themainpointofthisreadingisthat____________.

2.Controllingyourthoughtsalwaysinvolves____________.

3.Humanresponsetostressis____________.

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingtheselectionisto____________.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsincludedintheselectionmostdirectlysupportsthewriter’sviewthatstressiscontrollable?

问题1选项

A.Stressisanimbalanceofinternalandexternaldemands

B.Controllingphysicalreactionsandthoughtsisaneffectivemeansofmanagingstress

C.Relaxationisthekeytosuccessfulstressmanagement

D.Stressmanagementrequiresaproblem-solvingapproach

问题2选项

A.consideringthesituationinalternativeviewpoints

B.visualizingyourselfmanagingthestressful

C.relaxationtechniquestoeliminatephysicalsymptoms

D.asenseofbeingoverwhelmedbythesituation

问题3选项

A.universal

B.variableaccordingtosex

C.unchanging

D.individual

问题4选项

A.explaintherelationshipbetweenstressandconflict

B.instructthereaderhowtocontrolstress

C.describerelaxationtechniques

D.persuadethereadertoreducestressthroughbreathing

问题5选项

A.Thingsdiminimportancewhenviewedinretrospect.

B.Stressisanimbalancebetweendemands.

C.Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflict,justastheyresponddifferentlytostress.

D.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.观点态度题。文章第一二段对压力这个话题进行引入后,第三段最后一句Thegoalinstressmanagementisself-control(压力管理的目标是自我控制)交代下文主要内容,第四段讲述Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.(可以控制压力的身体症状需要放松。),第五段讲述Controllingyourthoughtsisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.(控制思想是压力管理的第二个主要因素),第六段对文章进行结尾,文章用了一半多的篇幅讲述如何管理压力,综上可知,本文的主要观点是B选项“控制身体的反应和思想是管理压力的有效方法”。A选项“压力是内在和外在需求的不平衡”:仅在第一段提到作为引入,没有贯穿全文,故错误。C选项“放松是成功管理压力的关键”:仅仅是主要观点的一个方面,故错误。D选项“压力管理需要一种解决问题的方法”:文章没有提到在解决问题的层面缓解压力,故错误。因此B选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第五段第三句Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeviews.(也就是说,你必须考虑不同的观点。),可知控制思想需要考虑不同观点,所以A选项“用不同的观点来考虑情况”正确。B选项“想象自己管理压力”文章没有提到,故错误。C选项“消除身体症状的放松技巧”:属于身体范畴,不是思想范畴,故错误。D选项“被形势压倒的感觉”:根据第五段最后一句Youmustalsokeepfromattachingexaggeratedimportancetoevents.(你也必须避免夸大事件的重要性),表明要避免被形势压倒的感觉,故错误。因此A选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponddifferentlytostress.(人们对冲突的反应和对压力的反应是不同的。),可知人们对压力的反应因人而异,所以D选项“个人的”正确,A选项“普遍的”错误。B选项“根据性别变化”:文章没有提到男女在面对压力的不同。C选项“不变的”:文章主要内容讲如何调节压力,可知对压力的反应可以改变,故错误。因此D选项正确。

4.作者意图题。根据第一段stressisastateofimbalance(压力是一种失衡的状态)讲述压力是什么,通过Often,itprecedesandoccursconcurrentlywithconflict.(它通常伴随冲突出现,并出现在冲突之前。)讲述为什么产生压力,根据第二段Relievingsomeoftheintensityoftheimmediateemotionalresponsewillallowustobecomemorelogicalandtolerantinresolvingtheconflict.(减轻一些强烈的即时情绪反应将使我们在解决冲突时变得更有逻辑性和宽容)讲为什么要管理压力,在第三到第五段讲怎样管理压力,综上分析,可知作者的主要目的是让读者认识压力和学习管理压力,所以B选项“指导读者如何控制压力”正确。A选项“解释压力和冲突之间的关系”:属于为什么产生压力,不全面,故错误。C选项“描述放松技巧”和D选项“说服读者通过呼吸来减轻压力”:属于怎样管理压力,不全面,故错误。因此B选项正确。

5.推理判断题。A选项“回想起来,事情就不那么重要了”:事情重要与否和压力能否控制不是一回事,不能相提并论,故错误。B选项“压力是需求之间的不平衡”:这里点出为什么会有压力,却没有表示需求和控制压力的关系,故错误。C选项“人们对冲突的反应不同,就像他们对压力的反应不同一样”:只是点出压力因人而异,没有提到能否控制,故错误。D选项“成功地管理压力需要思维上的灵活性”:这里点出了成功地管理压力,表示压力可以通过管理而得到控制,因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Television一thatmostpervasive(遍布的)andpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth—ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.

Theword“television”,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(vision:sight)roots,canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicsimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireoracable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.

Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicssystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.

Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachedthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidedfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.

Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthemostpart,bythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBC,andCBS,whohavebeenthemajorpurveyors(传播者)ofthenews,informationandentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghavenotonlyshapedtelevisionbutourperception(感觉)aswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.

1.Withwhichtopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.Theword“put”(2ndsentenceof2ndPara.)couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasafunctionofelectronicsintelevisiontransmissions?

4.Whatfieldoftelevisionisintendedforspecificgroups?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweentelevisionanditsviewerscanbestbeinferredfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Recentchangesinmodemtechnology.

B.Themarriageofbroadcastinggiants.

C.Theroleoftelevisionintoday’ssociety.

D.Thecontentofbroadcasttelevisionprograms.

问题2选项

A.expressed

B.asked

C.placed

D.inserted

问题3选项

A.Theconversionofimageintoelectronicsimpulses.

B.Thesendingofimpulsesthroughawirecable.

C.Thechangingofoneimageintoanotherimage.

D.Thefeedingofimpulsesintoareceiver.

问题4选项

A.Broad-based.

B.Reconstituted.

C.Traditional.

D.Non-broadcast.

问题5选项

A.Viewersdonottakeanactiveroleinwatchingtelevision.

B.Viewerswouldpreferincreasednewscoverage.

C.Viewersliketousetelevisiontoreachotherhumanbeings.

D.Viewersaregrowntiredoftelevision.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨题。文章第一段讲到电视将改变我们的生活和我们的世界,接下来讲述了电视在当今社会所扮演的角色。所以选项C最能概括全文。

2.语义题。根据前后文可知,verysimplyput可以理解为“简单地说”,这里的put意为“表达”,所以本题选A。

3.细节判断题。根据第二段的第二句“televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicsimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireoracable.”可知选项A和B正确;根据第二段的最后一句“Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.”可知选项D正确,而选项C错误。原文指转换成相同的图像,而不是把一种图像转换成另一种图像。所以本题选C。

4.细节事实题。根据第四段的最后一句“thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidedfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroups”可知选项D正确。

5.细节推断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.”我们的娱乐来源于显像管,在这个静态的媒体面前扮演着被动的观看者的角色。选项A换了一种方式表达,也是符合原文的。

13.单选题

Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroubleinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit’sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.

Unfortunately,banks’lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.

AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America’sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Thesegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstov

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