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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-成都艺术职业大学考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged__21__overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’s,especiallyincreasedattentionhasbeendevotedto__22__thereadingprocess.

__23__specialistsagreethatreading__24__acomplexorganizationofhighermental__25__,theydisagree__26__theexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexperts,whoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds,__27__readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand__28__.Theseauthorities__29__thatmeaning,beingconcernedwiththinking,mustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.

Othersmaintainthatreadingis__30__relatedtothinking,andthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout__31__theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.Thereader,__32__someisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoreadbutonewho__33__reads.

Manyadults,althoughtheyhavetheabilitytoread,haveneverreadabookinits__34__.Bysomeexpertstheywouldnotbe__35__asreaders.Clearly,thephilosophy,objectives,methodsandmaterialsofreadingwilldependonthedefinitiononeuses.Bythemost__36__andsatisfactorydefinition,readingistheabilityto__37__thesound-symbolcodeofthelanguage,tointerpretmeaningforvarious__38__,atvariousrates,andatvariouslevelsofdifficulty,andtodo__39_widelyandenthusiastically.__40__,readingistheinterpretationofideasthroughtheuseofsymbolsrepresentingsoundsandideas.

问题1选项

A.substantively

B.substantially

C.substitutively

D.subjectively

问题2选项

A.defineanddescribe

B.definitionanddescription

C.defininganddescribing

D.havedefinedanddescribed

问题3选项

A.Although

B.If

C.Unless

D.Until

问题4选项

A.involvesto

B.involves

C.isinvolved

D.involvesof

问题5选项

A.opinions

B.effects

C.manners

D.functions

问题6选项

A.of

B.about

C.for

D.into

问题7选项

A.view

B.look

C.reassure

D.agree

问题8选项

A.by

B.to

C.off

D.for

问题9选项

A.content

B.contend

C.contempt

D.contact

问题10选项

A.inexplicably

B.inexpressibly

C.inextricably

D.inexpediently

问题11选项

A.interpreting

B.saying

C.explaining

D.reading

问题12选项

A.like

B.forexample

C.accordingto

D.asto

问题13选项

A.sometimes

B.might

C.practical

D.actually

问题14选项

A.entire

B.entirety

C.entirely

D.entity

问题15选项

A.classed

B.granted

C.classified

D.graded

问题16选项

A.inclusive

B.inclinable

C.conclusive

D.complicated

问题17选项

A.breakup

B.elaborate

C.define

D.unlock

问题18选项

A.purposes

B.degrees

C.stages

D.steps

问题19选项

A.such

B.soas

C.so

D.suchas

问题20选项

A.Bytheway

B.Inshort

C.Sofar

D.Ontheotherhand

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:A

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:D

第14题:B

第15题:C

第16题:C

第17题:D

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A项substantively“实质上”,B项substantially“大量地,重大地”,C项substitutively“代替地”,D项subjectively“主观地”。句意:几个世纪以来,阅读的概念发生了巨大的变化。根据句意,该题选B正确。

22.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查动词词组的用法。to是介词,devotetodoingsth.,因此只有C项符合。A项动词原形错误,B项名词,和后面的“thereadingprocess”不能同时使用;D项时态不正确。句意:在20世纪50年代和60年代,人们对阅读过程的定义和描述给予了更多的关注。因此,该题选C正确。

23.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查句子逻辑。A项although“尽管”表示让步;B项If“如果”表示虚拟或条件;C项unless“除非”表示条件;D项until“直到”表示时间。根据句子…specialistsagreethatreading…theydisagree…中的agree和disagree可知,句首是表示让步关系,所以although更符合句意。因此,该题选A正确。

24.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查involve的用法。involve表示“使卷入,使包括”;被动语态时用beinvolvedin,没有involveto和involveof的用法。本句子主语是reading,与involve形成主动关系。句意:虽然专家们认为阅读涉及一种复杂的高等智力……组织。因此,该题选B正确。

25.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查词语辨析和语义。A项opinion“意见”;B项effect“影响”,C项manner“行为”;D项function“功能,职能”。根据句子Althoughspecialistsagreethatreadinginvolvesacomplexorganizationofhighermental…(虽然专家们认为阅读涉及一种复杂的高等智力……组织)可知,mentalfunction表示“智力活动,心理功能”。其他三个选项与mental搭配不妥。因此,该题选D正确。

26.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查介词用法。A项of“属于”;B项about“关于”,C项for“对于”;D项into“到……里面”。disagreeabout/on固定用法,表示“对……有不同意见”,在这一含义上不能用其他介词。句意:他们对这一过程的确切性质意见不一。因此,该题选B正确。

27.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查词语搭配。A项view“观察,考虑”;B项look“查看,寻找”,C项reassure“使安心,安慰”;D项agree“同意”。根据句子Someexperts,whoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds,…readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesounds(一些专家认为语言主要是一种用符号来表示声音的代码,……阅读仅仅……是把符号解码成声音)可知,view…as…表示“把……看作”。因此,该题选A正确。

28.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查词语搭配。A项by“通过”,standby表示“支持”;B项to“对”,standto表示“遵守”;C项off“离开,结束”,standoff表示“冷淡”;D项for“对于”,standfor表示“代表”。根据句子Someexperts,whoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds,viewreadingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand…可知句意为:一些最初把语言看作是一种用符号来表示声音的代码的专家认为,阅读只是把符号解码成它们所代表的声音。因此,该题选D正确。

29.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查语义和动词辨析。A项content“满意”,B项contend“争论,主张”,C项contempt“轻视,蔑视”,D项contact“联系”。根据句子Theseauthorities…thatmeaning,beingconcernedwiththinking,mustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.(这些权威人士……,意义与思考有关,必须独立于解码过程进行教授),可知,空格处应该填入“主张”。因此,该题选B正确。

30.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查语义和动词辨析。A项inexplicably“无法解释地”,B项inexpressibly“说不出地”,C项inextricably“无法摆脱的”,D项inexpediently“不适当地、不明智地”。根据句子Othersmaintainthatreadingis…relatedtothinking可知,本句句意为:其他人坚持认为阅读无法解释地与思考联系在一起。因此,该题选A正确。

31.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查语义和动词辨析。A项interpreting“理解”,B项saying“说”,C项explaining“解释”,D项reading“读”。根据句子andthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout…theirmeaningisnottrulyreading可知,本句句意为:如果一个孩子在发音的时候没有理解它们的意思,那他就不是真正的阅读。因此,该题选A正确。

32.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项like“喜欢,像”,作介词后面都加sb.或者sth.;B项forexample“举例”,后面接句子,一般用逗号隔开;C项accordingto“根据”后面跟名词;D项asto“至于,关于”,用于争论和做出决定时,后一般接名词、代词、或动名词。根据句子Thereader,…someisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoread(……一些人,读者不仅仅是一个具有理论阅读能力的人)可知,空格处填入accordingto最合适,表示“根据一些人的观点/看法”。因此,该题选C正确。

33.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查上下文语义。A项sometimes“有时”,B项might“或许”,C项practical“实际的”,D项actually“实际上”。根据句子Thereader,accordingtosomeisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoreadbutonewho…reads.(根据一些人的观点,阅读者不仅仅是一个理论上有阅读能力的人,也是一个……阅读的人)可知,上文提到“理论”能力,下文应该表示“实际”,A、B项排除。C项是形容词不能修饰动词read,所以D项副词修饰动词符合题意。因此,该题选D正确。

34.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查形近词辨析。A项entire是形容词,表示“全部的”;B项entirety是名词,表示“全部,完全”;C项entirely是副词,表示“完全地,彻底地”;D项entity是名词,表示“实体,存在,本质”。根据句子Manyadults,althoughtheyhavetheabilitytoread,haveneverreadabookinits…(许多成年人,虽然他们有阅读的能力,但从来没有……读过一本书)可知,its后面接的是名词,所以A项和C项排除。initsentirety表示“全面地,从总体上看”。因此,该题选B正确。

35.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项class“把……分等级,把……归入某等级”,B项grant“授予,允许”,C项classify“分类,分等”,D项grade“评分,分等级”。根据句子Bysomeexpertstheywouldnotbe…asreaders可知,本句句意是:一些专家认为他们不会被归类为读者。beclassifiedas固定用法,表示“被划分,被分类到”。因此,该题选C正确。

36.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项inclusive“包含的,包括的”,B项inclinable“倾向于……的,可倾斜的”,C项conclusive“决定性的,最后的”,D项complicated“难懂的,复杂的”。根据句子Bythemost…andsatisfactorydefinition可知,本句句意为:从最确定和最令人满意的定义来看。themostconclusive是最高级,表示“最确定性的”。因此,该题选C正确。

37.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项breakup“打碎,破碎”,B项elaborate“阐述”,C项define“定义”,D项unlock“解开,解锁”。根据句子readingistheabilityto…thesound-symbolcodeofthelanguage可知,本句句意为:阅读是解开语言的声音符号密码的能力。因此,该题选D正确。

38.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查上下文语义。A项purpose“目的”,B项degree“学位,程度”,C项stage“阶段”,D项step“脚步,步伐”。根据句子readingistheabilitytounlockthesound-symbolcodeofthelanguage,tointerpretmeaningforvarious…,atvariousrates,andatvariouslevelsofdifficulty(阅读是解开语言的声音符号密码的能力,以不同的……,不同的速度和不同的难度来解释不同的意思)可知,空格处应该是表示“不同的目的”。因此,该题选A正确。

39.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查词性辨析。A项such形容词,表示“这样的,如此的”;B项soas连词,表示“以便,为了”;C项so作副词可表示“如此,这么”,作连词表示因果关系;D项suchas短语,表示“比如,诸如”。空格处后面是形容词widely和enthusiastically;只有副词可以修饰形容词,只有so符合。因此,该题选C正确。

40.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A项bytheway“顺便说说,顺便问一下”,B项inshort“总之,总而言之”,C项sofar“到目前为止”,D项ontheotherhand“另一方面”。根据句子readingistheinterpretationofideasthroughtheuseofsymbolsrepresentingsoundsandideas.(阅读是通过使用代表声音和思想的符号来解释思想)可知,此处是文章最后一句话,应该要作总结,所以选inshort符合。因此,该题选B正确。

2.单选题

Idonothavethekey,soIhavetouse(

)toopenthislockeddoor.

问题1选项

A.strength

B.vigor

C.energy

D.force

【答案】D

【解析】近义词辨析题。A选项strength“力量”,侧重于强度;B选项vigor“活力,精力”;C选项energy“能量”;D选项force“力量”,侧重于武力、暴力。句意:我没有钥匙,所以我不得不使用武力打开这扇锁着的门。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Thepresidentexplainedthatthepurposeoftaxationwasto(

)governmentspending.

问题1选项

A.finance

B.expand

C.enlarge

D.budget

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。句意:总统解释说,税收的目的是为政府开支(

)。

Finance为...提供资金;expand扩大;enlarge扩大;budget安排开支,预算。故选A。

4.单选题

ManysocialobserversinChinaareconcernedthatchildrengrowingupinvillagesawayfromtheirmotherandfatherlackofparentalloveandmayhavetroublebecomingresponsibleadultsastheyentertheirtwenties.

问题1选项

A.areconcernedthat

B.lackofparentallove

C.troublebecoming

D.astheyentertheirtwenties

E.没有错误

【答案】B

【解析】动词误用。Lack后面去掉of。动词lack(缺乏)为及物动词,可以直接作谓语动词,不需要加介词of。

5.单选题

Owingtoan()lackoflower-incomehousing,themunicipalgovernmentisembarrassedbytheimpressinghousingissue.

问题1选项

A.alien

B.obscure

C.acute

D.elaborate

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题:alien"外国的,陌生的";obscure"隐蔽的,模糊不清的";acute"敏锐的;剧烈的;急性的";elaborate"复杂的,精心制作的"。句意:由于严重缺乏供给低收人者的住房,市政府对面临严重的住房问题感到尴尬。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit()aswellaswehadhoped.

问题1选项

A.cameoff

B.wentoff

C.broughtout

D.madeout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项comeoff“成功,实现”;B选项gooff“离开,变质”;C选项bringout“出版,生产”;D选项makeout“辨认出,理解”。根据句意:在深谷里建发电站是个大胆的想法,但结果与我们原来所希望的一样。也就说,这个想法得到实现,所以选项A符合语境。

7.单选题

Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;justasourpresentillnesseshavebeenquitedifferentfromthoseofthenineteenthcentury.Althoughourhealthisimprovinginmanywaysandwearelivinglongerthaninpreviousdecades,newdiseasesandconditionsthreatenthequalityofourlives.Wehavealreadyobservedsomesignificantchangesinthe1980sthatforetoldwhathealthproblemslieaheadinthetwenty-firstcentury:

Diseasesoftheimmunesystem,notjustAIDSbutvariousconditionsofadeficientoroveractiveimmunesystem,havereachedepidemicproportions.

Thenumberofpeoplesufferingfromviralconditionsthatareincurablewithconventionaltherapiesisincreasing,andthenumberofnewlydefinedviralconditions,suchastheEpstein-BarrVirusandcytomegalovirus,isalsoincreasingsignificantly.

Moreandmorebacterialinfectionsarebecomingresistanttocommonlyusedantibioticsandarerequiringstrongerantibiotics,whichalsoarenetalwayssuccessfulincuringtheinfections.

Allergiestofoods,tocommonsubstancessuchasanimalhairsandhousedust,andtonewchemicalsarebecomingmoreprevalent.OneinsevenAmericanshadanallergyin1950,asmanyasoneinfivehadanallergyin1970,andapproximately75millionAmericans,ornearlyoneinthree,hadanallergyin1985.

Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,thepercentageofchildrenunder17yearsofagewhoarelimitedinactivityduetochronicconditionsincreasedby86%from1967to1979.

Mentaldiseaseisaffectingmoreandmorepeople.TheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthestimatedin1984thatoneineveryfiveAmericanshadamentaldisorder.Thissamestudyrevealedthat,duringasix-monthperiod,8.3%ofAmericanssufferedfromananxietydisorder,6.4%hadanalcoholordrugproblem,and6%hadamooddisorder.

Inadditiontothesevarioustrends,oneofthemoresignificantfactsthatwillaffectthefutureofhealthcareisthatlargerpercentageofthepopulationwillbeover65yearsold.AccordingtoprojectionsbytheUSBureauoftheCensus,thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationOver65in1985willhavedoubledby2030.

Futuristsgenerallyassumethattwenty-firstcenturymedicinewillincludenewandmore-powerfuldrugsandvariousinnovativetechnologicalinterventions.However,futuriststendtoignoretheseriousproblemspresentlyarisingfromconventionalmedications.Accordingto1986statistics,theaverageAmericanreceives7.5prescriptionsayeahThisisaparticularlyfrighteningnumberbecauseweallknowtherearepeoplewhohavenotbeenprescribedanymedicationsinthepastyear,whichmeansthatsomeoneelseisgettingtheir7.5drugs.

Sincemostdrugshavesideeffects,someofwhicharequiteserious,andsincethesickpersonisoftenprescribedseveraldrugsatthesametime,anyofwhichmayhaveevengreaterpotentialforsideeffects,itisnowonderthat50%ofthetimepeopledonotevengettheirdrugprescriptionsfilled.Additionallyvariousstudieshaveindicatedthat25%to90%ofthetimepatientsmakeerrorsinadministeringthemedicines.Despitetherespectthatpeoplegenerallyshowinwardpresent-dayphysicians,theredoesnotseemtobeequalconfidenceinthetreatmentstheyprescribe.

1.Thatdiseasesofthe21stcenturyaredifferentfromthoseof20thcenturyis().

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdiseasesoftheimmunesystem?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.Wemayinferfromthepassagethat().

5.AccordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth,in1984,().

问题1选项

A.whatscientistsareworriedabout

B.awell-groundedstatement

C.drawnonchangesinthemedicalprofession

D.notnecessarilytrue

问题2选项

A.TheyrefertoAIDSonly.

B.Theybecomeepidemicinthe21stcentury.

C.Theycropupinvariousorgans.

D.Theymakepatientsoveractiveandfeelrestless.

问题3选项

A.Casesofchronicdisabilityincreasedbyanalarmingrateof86%inthelate1980s.

B.Chronicdisabilityusedtoaffectoldpeopleonly.

C.Chronicdisabilitycausessomepeopletobelimitedinactivity.

D.Chronicdisabilityhasincreasedgreatlyamongtheteenagers.

问题4选项

A.manyofthe21stcenturydiseasesarecloselyrelatedtotheenvironment

B.theaveragelifespanwillbecomestilllongerdespiteallthefuturediseases

C.man'sabilitytoresistdiseaseswillnotchangewithtime

D.peopleofthe21stcenturyknowbetterhowtomakefulluseoftheirprescribedmedicine.

问题5选项

A.25%oftheAmericanshadamentaldisorder

B.doctorspredictedthatthementalcaseswouldbedeclininginthe21thcentury

C.thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationover65withmentaldisorderswasdoubled

D.casesofmentaldisordersincreasedquickly

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.本题可采用排除法。选项A在文中没有提及科学家们的担心,所以不正确;根据第一段第一句“Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;”可知选项D错误;结合全文内容可知,本文讲述的是20世纪存在的事实,由此可知是对21世纪的推测,所以选项B表述也不正确;只有选项C正确。

2.根据第二段的内容可知,免疫系统疾病,不仅是艾滋病,甚至包括免疫系统缺陷或过度活跃的各种情况,都已达到流行病的程度。选项B符合原文。

3.根据第六段第一句“Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.”可知,选项B不正确。

4.根据倒数第三段第一句,除了这些不同的趋势之外,影响医疗保健未来的一个更重要的事实是,65岁以上的人口比例将更大。也就是说,尽管未来会有各种疾病,但人类的平均寿命将会变得更长。选项B符合原文。

5.根据关键词“theNationalInstituteofMentalHealth”定位到倒数第四段,根据上下文,精神疾病正在影响越来越多的人,每五个美国人中就有一个患有精神障碍。由此可知,精神疾病的病例迅速增加。选项D符合原文。

8.单选题

Whathesaidjustnowhadlittletodowiththequestiondiscussion().

问题1选项

A.on

B.in

C.under

D.at

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他刚才说的话和正在讨论的问题关系不大。

考查固定搭配。Underdiscussion在讨论中。

9.单选题

Althoughthesestatesandtheirpeopleare___,theysharethecommongoalofeconomicdevelopment.

问题1选项

A.controversial

B.involved

C.diverse

D.visible

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.controversial有争议的;有争论的B.involved有关的;卷入的;复杂的

C.diverse不同的;多样化的D.visible明显的;看得见的;现有的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“共同目标(commongoal)”可知:这些地区经济发展的目标相同。空格处的从句用although连接,表示尽管。这句话的意思为尽管这些地区和人……所以空格处应该填一个与后面“相同”的反义词表示转折。综上所述,C选项diverse“不同的;多样化的”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“不同的”以满足上述条件。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】尽管这些国家及其人民各不相同,但他们都有共同的经济发展目标。

10.单选题

Informationtechnologythathelpsdoctorsandpatientsmakedecisionshasbeenaroundforalongtime.CrudeonlinetoolslikeWebMDgetmillionsofvisitorsaday.ButWatsonisadifferentbeast.AccordingtoIBM,itcandigestinformationandmakerecommendationsmuchmorequickly,andmoreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit—processingupto60millionpagesoftextpersecond,evenwhenthattextisintheformofplainoldprose,orwhatscientistscall“naturallanguage”•

That’snosmallthing,becausesomethinglike80percentofallinformationis“unstructured”.Inmedicine,itconsistsofphysiciannotesdictatedintomedicalrecords,long-windedsentencespublishedinacademicjournals,andrawnumbersstoredonlinebypublic-healthdepartments.Atleastintheory,Watsoncanmakesenseofitall.Itcansitinonpatientexaminations,silentlylistening.Andovertime,itcanlearnandgetbetteratfiguringoutmedicalproblemsandwaysoftreatingthemthemoreitinteractswithrealcases.Watsonevenhastheabilitytoconveydoubt.Whenitmakesdiagnosesandrecommendstreatments,itusuallyissuesaseriesofpossibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached.

Medicinehasneverbeforehadatoolquitelikethis.Andatanunofficialcoming-outpartyinLasVegaslastyear,duringtheannualmeetingoftheHealthcareInformationandManagementSystemSociety,morethan1,000professionalspackedalargehotelconferencehall,andanoverflowroomnearby,tohearapresentationbyMartyKohn,anemergency-roomphysicianandaclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare.Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe,KohndescribedinhishuskyvoicehowWatsoncouldbeagamechanger—notjustinhighlyspecializedfieldslikeoncologybutalsoinprimarycare,giventhatalldoctorscanmakemistakesthatleadtocostly,sometimesdangerous,treatmenterrors.

Drawingonhisownclinicalexperienceandonacademicstudies,Kohnexplainedthataboutone-thirdoftheseerrorsappeartobeproductsofmisdiagnosis,onecauseofwhichis“anchoringbias”:humanbeings,tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation.Thishappensallthetimeindoctors,offices,clinics,andemergencyrooms.Aphysicianhearsabouttwoorthreesymptoms,seizesonadiagnosisconsistentwiththose,andsubconsciouslydiscountsevidencethatpointstosomethingelse.Oraphysicianhitsupontherightdiagnosis,butfailstorealizethatit’sincomplete,andendsuptreatingjustoneconditionwhenthepatientis,infact,sufferingfromseveral.ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings.Assuch,Kohnbelieves,theymayeventuallybecomeasubiquitousindoctors,officesasthestethoscope.

“Watsonfillsinforsomehumanlimitations,”Kohntoldmeinaninterview.“Studiesshowthathumansaregoodattakingarelativelylimitedlistofpossibilitiesandusingthatlist,butarefarlessadeptatusinghugevolumesofinformation.That’swhereWatsonshines;takingahugelistofinformationandwinnowingitdown.”

1.WhatisWatson?

2.WhichofthefollowingisbeyondWatsoifsability?

3.MartyKohn().

4.“Anchoringbias”().

5.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Itisapersonwhoaidsdoctorsinprocessingmedicalrecords.

B.Itisanonlinetoolthatconnectsdoctorsoverdifferentplaces.

C.Itisanintelligentcomputerthathelpsdoctorsmakedecisions.

D.Itisabeastthatgreetsmillionsofvisitorstoamedicalinstitution.

问题2选项

A.Talkwiththepatient.

B.Calculateprobability.

C.Recommendtreatment.

D.Processsophisticateddata.

问题3选项

A.gaveapresentationatanacademicconference

B.worksfortheIBMTrainingDivision

C.isashortpersonwithahuskyvoice

D.expressedoptimismforWatson

问题4选项

A.isadeviceubiquitousindoctors,offices

B.islesslikelytobecommittedbyWatson

C.happensinonethirdofmedicaltreatments

D.isawrongdiagnosiswithincompleteinformation

问题5选项

A.WatsonAsAShiningStar.

B.TheRisksOfMisdiagnosis.

C.TheRobotWillSeeYouNow.

D.IBM’sITSolutionToMedicine.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。题干:Waston是什么?由第一段第三句中“itcandigestinformationandmakerecommendationsmuchmorequickly,andmoreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit”可知Waston是能帮助医生和病人的智能电脑。因此选项C符合题意。

2.细节题。题干:以下哪项超出了Watsoif的能力?由第一段最后一句中“digestinformationandmakerecommendations”可得C和D选项。根据第二段最后一句中“itusuallyissuesaseriesofpossibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached”可得出B选项。因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节题。题干:MartyKohn______。人名定位到第三段。由段尾的“agamechanger”可推出MartyKohn看好Waston。A选项的academicconference与原文不符合,演讲是在一次非正式亮相的聚会上进行的。MartyKohn是“aclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare”,而不是IBM培训部的人,所以排除B选项。由“Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe”可知MartyKohn本身不矮小,是对比出的效果,排除C选项。因此D选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干:“Anchoringbias”________本文第四段提到了“Anchoringbias”,“humanbeings,tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation…”,倒数第二句指出“ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings”,可知Waston不太容易出现这类错误。因此选项B符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。题干:下面哪个可能是这篇文章最好的标题?本文主要讲述了Waston是什么以及它在医学领域的应用。因此选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itignoredthefactthatemotionsarepersonalandsubjective.

B.Itoverlookedthepossibilitythatemotionsmaybecontrolled.

C.Itmeasuredpositiveandnegativeemotionsindependently.

D.Itclassifiedemotionssimplyaseitherpositiveornegative.

问题2选项

A.Sittingalonewithoutdoinganythingseemedreallydistressing.

B.Solitudehadareductiveeffectonhigh-arousalemotions.

C.Sittingalonefor15minutesmadetheparticipantsrestless.

D.Solitudeadverselyaffectedtheparticipants’mentalwell-being.

问题3选项

A.Ittendedtointensifynegativeemotions.

B.Itprovedhardtodepictobjectively.

C.Itwenthandinhandwithsadness.

D.Ithelpedincreaselow-arousalemotions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Psychologyresearchhastendedtoportraysolitudeasanegativeexperience.Studiesconductedinthe1970sand1990ssuggestedthatpeoplefeltlesshappywhenalone,ascomparedtobeingwithothers.However,anewpapershowsanalternativeviewofsolitude,oneinwhichsolitudecanbepositive.

Let’sstartbylookingattheearlierresearch.Ithadacoupleofshortcomings.First,itmeasuredemotiononascalefrompositivetonegative,overlookingthepossibilitythatthepositiveandnegativeemotionscanfluctuateindependently.[16]Also,itcategorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative.Itdidn’tconsiderthatemotionsarousedustodifferentdegrees,andthatbothpositiveandnegativeemotionscanarouseusalotoralittle.Thatis,whetherpositiveornegative,emotionscanbeeitherhigharousalorlowarousal.Higharousalemotionsincludeexcitementonthepositivesideorangeronthenegativeside,whilelowarousalonesincludefeelingcalmonthepositivesideorlonelyonthenegative.

Thisnewresearchattemptedtoovercometheseshortcomings.Researchersbeganwithasimplestudy.Theyaskedparticipantstospend15minutessittingalonewithoutengaginginanyactivityandmeasuredhowthissolitudeinfluencedtheiremotionalstate.[17]Thisexperimentspecificallyaimedtodeterminetheeffectofsolitudeonhigharousalemotions.Itlookedatpositiveemotionssuchasbeingexcitedorinterested,andnegativeemotions,includingbeingscaredordistressed.Theresultswereclear.[17]After15minutesofsolitude,theparticipantsshowedreductionsinbothtypesofemotion.Asecondstudymeasuredtheeffectsofsolitudeonlowarousalemotions.Theseincludedbothpositiveandnegativeemotionssuchasfeelingcalm,relaxed,sadorlonely.[18]Thatexperimentfoundthatalloftheseemotionswereincreasedbytimealone.Thus,itseemspastdepictionsofsolitudewerewrong.Itdoesn’thaveasimpleemotionaleffectthatcanbecharacterizedasgoodorbad.Rather,itchangestheintensityofourinnerexperience.Itamplifiesquieteremotions.Butitdiminishestheintensityofstrongerfeelings.

It’sworthclarifyingthatthesefindingsrelatetorelativelybriefperiodsofsolitude.Thisisdistinctfromprolongedloneliness.Researchhasdemonstratedthatthelatteriscorrelatedwithanassortmentofnegativephysicalandpsychologicaleffects.Howcanpeoplebenefitfrombeingalone?Thefindingsheresuggestthatpeoplecanusesolitudetoregulatetheiremotions.Solitudecanhelpusbecomequietafterexcitement,calmafteranangryepisode,orsimplyfeelatpeace.

16.Whatisoneofthecriticismsdirectedattheearlyresearchonsolitude?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于“独处”的早期研究受到何种批评?录音说,早期的研究存在几个缺点,其中包括把情绪简单地分为积极的和消极的(categorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative),D选项中的classified是对录音原文中categorized的同义替换,因此D选项正确。A选项“它忽略了情绪是个人的和主观的事实”和B项“它忽略了情绪可以被控制的可能性”在录音中均没有信息提及;C选项“它独立测量积极情绪和消极情绪”主要利用measured和independently设置干扰,录音说的是,早期调查在从积极到消极的范围内衡量情绪,忽略了积极和消极情绪可以独立波动的可能性。选项与之表述不相符,因此排除。

17.Whatdowelearnabouttheresultsofthenewresearch?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问我们可以知道哪些关于新研究的结果?录音提到,新研究是为了确定独处对高唤起度情绪的影响,而参与实验的人经过15分钟的独处后,他们的积极与消极两方面的高唤起度情绪都有所减缓(reductionsinbothtypesofemotion),B选项中的reductive与录音原文中的reductions是同根词,都表示“减少,减缓”的意思,因此B选项“独处对高唤起度情绪有减缓作用”正确。A选项“一个人无所事事地坐着似乎很苦恼”和C选项“独自坐15分钟使参与者焦躁不安”在录音中均没有信息提及;D选项“独处会对参与者的心理健康产生不利影响”,主要错在缺乏对独处的修饰词,录音中说的是长期的孤独与负面的生理和心理影响相关,而短暂的独处不会,因此D选项属于以偏概全,表述不正确。

18.Whatdidthesecondexperimentinthenewresearchfindaboutsolitude?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问新研究的第二个实验有何发现?第二个实验测量了独处对低唤起度情绪的影响,并且发现所有这些情绪都会随着时间的推移而增加。D选项“它有助于增强低唤起度情绪”与原文表述相符,因此正确。A选项“它往往会使负面情绪加剧”,这些情绪包括积极和消极的情绪,如平静、放松、悲伤或孤独。因此A选项不正确;B选项“事实证明很难客观描述它”,录音提到,独处改变内在感受的强度,对强烈感觉有安抚作用,这正是描述了独处产生的影响,因此B选项也不正确;C选项“它与悲伤密切相关”在录音中没有信息提及,因此排除。

12.翻译题

1.Librariesotherthanthoselistedaboverequireadditionalregistrationbeforeyoucanaccesstheircollections.

2.Inthepast,heusedtotellusofhisexpeditionsthroughthewoodsandfieldsroundhishome,andhowheexploredthesolitarybrooksandponds;andthenhedescribedthecuriousanimalsandbirdshesaw.

3.七月份中国消费物价指数与去年同期比下降了0.9%,而六月份该指数下降了0.8%。

【答案】1.除了上面列举的图书馆外,使用其他图书馆的藏书,你还需要另行注册。

2.以前他时常对我说关于他在他家周围的森林和原野中探险的事,以及他怎样找到一些偏僻的溪流和池塘的情形,然后他会描述他所见到的珍禽异兽。

3.China'sconsumerpriceindexinJulydroppedby0.9percentcomparedwiththatofthesameperiodinlastyearandtheindexfell0.8%inJune.

13.单选题

You’llhavetochangeyour(

)oflifenowthatyouhavegotababy.

问题1选项

A.form

B.mold

C.mood

D.mode

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。form意为“形状,形式”;mold意为“模型,压模”;mood意为“心情”;mode意为“方式,风格,样式”。由changeyour____oflife(改变你的生活____)可知D选项最符合逻辑,modeoflife表示“生活方式”。

句意:既然你有了孩子,你就必须改变你的生活方式。

14.单选题

Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,anoutgoingandcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspentthe“empty”timelookingatthingsin(1)solitarydelight.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfalling

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