考研考博-英语-山西大学考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Onceyouhaveaddedupthefiguresinthebudgetplan,youwillhaveto（）incometaxtoarriveatthenetspendingamountavailabletoyou.

问题1选项

A.divide

B.deduct

C.multiply

D.add

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。divide“分开”；deduct“扣除;减去”multiply“乘；使增加”；add“增加”，addto“加入，增加”。句意：一旦你把预算计划中的数字加起来，为了得出你可利用的净支出金额，你将不得不加入所得税。D项符合题意。

2.翻译题

Oncampus,youwillquicklydiscoverthatanimportantpartofthecultureisawillingnesstostayengagedwithproblemsandarguments,tokeeppushingforasharedvocabularyandasharedunderstanding.Youwillencounterapost-Enlightenmentsensibility,underwhichmoreandmorecornersofhumanexperiencearesusceptibletocriticalanalysisanddebate.Fewerandfewerdomainsoflifefeellikemattersofpurelypersonaltaste—chocolateorvanilla—thingsthataretruly“just,like,youropinion.”Andyouwillfindyourselfspendingmanyhours,lateatnightandearlyinthemorning,searchingforthatsharedunderstanding.Andhereyouwilldiscoveroneoftheuniversity’sgreatstrengthsasacommunity.Itdoesn’ttakemuchworktosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisprettymuchlikeyou.Butittakesrealefforttosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisdifferent.Themostprofoundoptimismunderlyinghighereducationtodayisthesimultaneousrecognitionthat,ontheoneband,differencesofview,background,andperspectivearerealandimportant,and,ontheotherhand,peoplewhoholdthosedifferencescancometogetherforfouryearsonabeautifulhilltop,listentooneanotherwithtoleranceandrespect,andengage.

【答案】参考译文：

在校园，你将很快发现校园文化的一个重要组成部分，那就是愿意面对问题和争论，为共享的词汇和共享的理解而不断努力。你们将面对后启蒙时代的感性，在这种感性力量下，人类经验中越来越多的角落容易受到批判性分析和辩论的影响。生活中越来越少的领域感觉像纯粹个人品味的事情，例如选择巧克力味或香草味，这些事情才是真正的“只是你的观点”。你将发现自己会为了寻求共享的理解而花很多时间，通宵达旦。你将发现大学作为一个团体的伟大力量之一。和一个与你相似的人达成共同的理解并不需很大的工夫，但是要和一个与你不同的人达成共识就不是什么容易的事了。现今的高等教育最值得乐观的一点是，同时意识到了这两个方面：一是不同的看法、背景和观点很重要；二是那些持有不同观点的人们能相聚在一起，在一个美丽的山顶共处四年，相互容忍，相互尊重和相互影响。

3.单选题

Themostsuccessfulwaytosolvethelanguageproblemwhileaforeignplayisbeingperformedis______translation.

问题1选项

A.homogeneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.spontaneous

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.homogeneous同种类的B.simultaneous同时发生（或进行）的；同步的

C.instantaneous立即的；立刻的D.spontaneous自发的；非筹划安排的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息whileaforeignplayisbeingperformed（在外国戏剧上演时）和translation可推知，在看戏剧时，解决语言问题的办法就是同声传译，simultaneoustranslation表示“同声传译”，该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】在外国戏剧上演时，解决语言问题最成功的方法就是同声传译。

4.写作题

High-speedelectroniccommunicationsmedia,suchaselectronicmail,telephoneandtelevision,tendtopreventmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication.

Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.

Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeandexperienceandsupportyourargumentswithexamplesandrelevantevidence.

【答案】Nowadaysnoonewoulddoubtthatelectroniccommunicationmediareachamuchbiggeraudienceataspeedthatpalesevenforerunnersafewdecadesago.However,whethersuchhighspeedmeansastelevisionande-mailhavehandicappedmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunicationhasbeencalledintodoubt.Infact,oneneedsnottogofartofindthatthesedoubtsaregroundless.

Farfrombeinganimpediment,highspeedelectronicmediastepupthecommunicationofmeaningfulandinsightfulideas.Inprevioustimes,mostofcommunicationwascarriedoutbymaildeliveredbypostmenhurryingincartspulledbyhorses.Thiswasundoubtedlyslowandfullofmistakesinaddressinganddelivery.Thingsbecameworseifweatherwasinclement.In19thcentury,greatwriters,suchasTolstoy,BalzacandMoiposson,spentmonthswaitingforimportantresponsesfromtheirpublishersandpeerfriends.However,whatisneedintheeraofe-mailisaclicktosendaninsightfulreview,abrilliantideaoranenlighteningpapertotheotherhemisphere.

Besides,itinvolvedprohibitivecostsofmoneyandtimetogetthoughtfulworks,whetheraplay,anovelormusicalcomposition,toalargeaudiencethatthegreatnessoftheworksoughttoreach.Bestsellersbyscintillatingnames,forexample,Dickens,Dumas,Hugo,hardlyapproachedthethresholdofamillion.TodayTVsandInternetcanplacenovels,dramaorthoughtsatthefocusofnationalattentionwithinminutes.Neverhasitbeenmoreconvenienttoconductthoughtfulandmeaningfulcommunicationwithhighspeedelectronicmediaastoday.

Notonlydohighspeedelectronicmediacontributemuchtoquicklycommunicatingthoughtfulandmeaningfulideasorworks,theyalsoenhancetheirproduction.TVsandInternetopenupnewfieldsofperceptionandbroadenourhorizon,bringingmyriadsofnewknowledgebeforeourinquiringminds.Withtherichnessandcompletenessofinformationavailable,wearemorereadytocomeupwithmeaningfulandholisticideassinceinsularityhampersperceptionandyieldsbigotry.What'smore,thevividnessofTVsandhighlyinteractivenatureofe-mailhelpdrawcloserthemindsofpeopleofdifferentskincolorsandnationalities,fosteringcuriosityandasenseofunity.Thisinturnpromotesthereadinesstoahigherstageofmeaningfulandin-depthcommunication.IntheHollywoodclassicYou'veGotMail,TomHanksandMegRyandemonstrateswhatanamazingaltitudecommunicationthroughemailcanreach.Meaningfulnessandinsightalwaysresultfromthesamethings—perceptionandloveoftruth,candorandtrust,andreadinesstoshareideasandskillinself-expression.Theeaseandrichnessofhighspeedelectronicmediaaddnewstrengthtothesethingsinbringingforthinsightsincommunication.

Admittedly,therearelotsoftrashadsandunwholesomecontentsinTVshowsande-mails,whichconstituterealthreatstomeaningfulcommunication.ButweshouldnotbalkatpromotingtheusageofemailorwatchingTVprograms.Weshouldseethetremendousjointeffortsbyemailserviceproviders,TVprogramproducersandlegislationtogetridoftrashinformationthatstandsinthewayofcustomerrightsandmeaningfulcommunication.ThehopeforacleanandclearspacebothinTVandcyberspaceisgrowingbigger.

Highspeedelectronicmediaareblessingformeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication,thoughtherearespotsthatmaymartheirperfection.Weshouldembracethemandhelpthemgrowwholesomely.

5.单选题

问题1选项

A.Hestayedupverylateattheparty.

B.Hedidn’tgohomeaftertheparty.

C.Hesuffersfromsleeplessness.

D.Heusedtobeinpoorhealth.

【答案】A

【解析】3.W:Youlooksobad.What’sup?

M:Myheadisspinning.Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.IguessIjustcan’ttakelatenightslikeIusedto.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：有关这个男人，下列哪一项是正确的？由文中“Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.（昨天晚上我和一群朋友玩到很晚，直到三点才散。）”，可知A选项“Hestayedupverylateattheparty.（他熬夜参加聚会到很晚。）”符合原文。B选项“聚会结束后他没有回家”；C选项“他失眠”；D选项“他过去身体不好”不符合原文。

6.单选题

JimFixhadbeenaheavysmokerandweighed214poundswhenhetookuprunninginthe1960s.Hesoon_51_thebenefitsfromrunning.Hisweightdecreasedby60poundsbythetimehisbookTheCompleteBookofRunningwaspublished.Hisbook_52_millionsofpeople.Inhisbookandontelevisiontalkshows.Hepraisedthebenefitsofphysicalexerciseandhowit_53_andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy.Hisreadersandaudiencebecamemorehealth-conscious.However,totheirshock,Fixdiedattheageof52afterhisdailyrun.Manywhoopposedhisbeliefssaidthiswas_54_thatrunningwasharmful.However,hissupporters_55_thattherealcauseofFix’sdeathwasaheartattack.Hecamefromafamilywheremenhadpoorhealthstories.Hisfather_56aheartattackattheageof35anddiedofoneat42.GivenFix’sunhealthylifestyleuntilhetookuprunning,manyarguedthatrunningaddedmanyyearstohislife.

“Runningdoeshaveitsshortcomings,”_57_heartspecialistPaulThomas,inarecentmedicaljournal.“The_58_canbehardonyourknees.Runnersaremoreatriskduringtheirtraining,_59_iftheyrunmarathons._60_,thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad.Evidencesuggestsinspiteofitsshortcomings,moderateamountofrunningexercisecanactuallyresultinalonger,improvedlife.”

问题1选项

A.praised

B.favored

C.reaped

D.applied

问题2选项

A.inspired

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

问题3选项

A.compatibly

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

问题4选项

A.endurance

B.evidence

C.supplement

D.allowance

问题5选项

A.rewrote

B.revised

C.reversed

D.revealed

问题6选项

A.obtained

B.sustained

C.suffered

D.surpassed

问题7选项

A.acknowledges

B.pledges

C.communicates

D.apologizes

问题8选项

A.consequence

B.impact

C.weight

D.press

问题9选项

A.explicitly

B.particularly

C.commonly

D.singularly

问题10选项

A.However

B.Furthermore

C.Moreover

D.Also

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:B

第10题:A

【解析】51.考查逻辑关系。由前面句意“JimFix在20世纪60年代开始跑步时，曾是一名烟民，体重214磅”和后面句意“他的体重减少了60磅”可知此处表示跑步带来的好处，因此填reap（取得（成果），收获）。

52.考查逻辑关系。由前面可知JimFix在出版书时，通过跑步体重减少了60磅，这是一件正面积极的事，可知此处表示他的书鼓励了其他人，因此选A。

53.考查逻辑关系。由空格后的andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy（并提高人的平均寿命）可知D选项最为恰当，表示“运动是怎样回报人的，以及增加人均寿命”。

54.考查名词辨析。endurance意为“忍耐力，耐久力”；evidence意为“证据，迹象”；supplement意为“补充”；allowance意为“津贴，补贴”。此处表示很多反对他的人说他的死是证明跑步有害的证据，因此选B。

55.考查动词辨析。rewrite意为“重写，改写”；revise意为“修改（意见或计划），修订（书刊）”；reverse意为“颠倒，使反转”；reveal意为“揭示，显示”。此处表示“他的支持者揭示出他的真正死因是心脏病”，因此选D。

56.考查动词辨析。obtain意为“获得，得到”；sustain意为“维持，保持”；suffer意为“遭受”；surpass意为“超过”。此处表示“他的父亲在35岁时遭受心脏病”，因此选C。

57.考查动词辨析。acknowledge意为“承认”；pledge意为“保证，誓言”；communicate意为“沟通，交流”；apologize意为“道歉，认错”。此处表示“PaulThomas承认跑步的不足之处”，因此选A。

58.考查名词辨析。consequence意为“结果，成果”；impact意为“影响”；weight意为“重量”；press意为“压，按”。此处表示“对膝盖的影响会比较大”，因此选B。

59.考查副词辨析。explicitly意为“明白地，明确地”；particularly意为“特别，尤其”；commonly意为“通常地”；singularly意为“非常地”。此处表示“跑步的人在训练中的风险更大，尤其是如果他们跑马拉松的话”，因此选B。

60.考查逻辑关系。由空格后的thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad（对于跑步者来说，这个消息并不全是坏消息）以及空格前提到跑步的不好之处，可知此处表示对比，因此选A，however意为“然而”，可表示转折关系。

7.单选题

However,growthinthefabricatedmetalsindustrywasableto________someofthedeclineintheironandsteelindustry.

问题1选项

A.overturn

B.overtake

C.offset

D.oppress

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“推翻”；B选项“超过”；C选项“抵消，弥补”；D选项“压迫”。句意：然而金属制品工业能够（）钢铁工业的衰退。由于金属制成品产业和钢铁工业不存在竞争关系，甚至会存在某种互补关系，所以A，B，D排除，答案选C。

8.单选题

Thesurgicalinstrumentshavetobe（

）beforeusetopreventinfection.

问题1选项

A.heated

B.scalded

C.sterilized

D.burned

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。heat意为“加热，变热”；scald意为“烫伤”；sterilize意为“消毒，灭菌”；burn意为“燃烧”。由句中后面的目的状语topreventinfection（为了预防感染）可知Thesurgicalinstruments（手术器械）应该消毒，因此选C。

句意：手术器械使用前必须消毒，以防感染。

9.单选题

Eventoday,acenturyafterPasteurdevelopedthefirstvaccine,rabiesalmostalwayskills（

）intheearlieststagesofthedisease.

问题1选项

A.itsvictimsunlessinoculated

B.thevictimsunlessthereisaninoculation

C.thevictimsunlessinoculated

D.itsvictimsunlesstheyareinoculated

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法结构。unless后面接条件状语从句，首先排除A、C项，句意要表达的是如果受害者能接种疫苗，而不是狂犬病被接种疫苗。句意：即使在今天，巴斯德开发出第一种疫苗后的一个世纪，狂犬病几乎总能杀死受害者，除非在疾病的早期阶段接种疫苗。故B项正确。

10.单选题

Theeffectofelectrictechnologyhadatfirstbeenanxiety.Nowitappearstocreate（）_.

问题1选项

A.bore

B.bored

C.boredom

D.bordom

【答案】C

【解析】考查词语辨析。A、B、C个选项属于同根词。空格前是create动词，因此应填入名词。bore“孔；令人讨厌的人”；bored“无聊的；烦扰”，没有名词用法；boredom“厌倦；令人厌烦的事物”；bordom属于错词。句意：电子技术的影响最初是给人带来焦虑。现在它似乎在制造……。因此C选项符合题意。

11.单选题

9.

问题1选项

A.Togoshopping.

B.Togobacktowork.

C.Tochangetheirtopic.

D.Toentertaintheirguests.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Here,youtwoguy,youarefuckingshotagain.It’snotveryentertainingorwise.

M:Yes,thanksforadvisingus.It’stimetoenjoylife.

Q:Whatmightthemendoaccordingly?

【解析】对话中女士说：youarefuckingshotagain，意思是并没有那么有意思。因此男士可能会“改变话题”从而“享受生活”。

12.单选题

Therain（）ourspiritsbecausewewereplanningtogoforapicnic.

问题1选项

A.decreased

B.dampened

C.moistened

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:下雨我们的热情，因为我们本来要去野餐。Decreased降低，减少；dampened使...受挫；moistened弄湿；hampered妨碍。我们本来想去野餐，但是下雨妨碍了我们去野餐的热情。故选D。

13.写作题

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonCellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow.

1.Thepresentsituation;

2.Itsadvantages;

3.Itsdisadvantages;

4.Yoursuggestions.

【答案】CellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?

Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandinformationindustry,cellphonesplayanimportantroleinpeople’s,especiallytownspeople’slife.But,likeeverythingelse,theyareamixedblessing.

First,it’suseful.Asawirelesstelephone,itcanbecarriedanywhereonewantstogoandcanbeusedtocallthecalleehoweverfarawayheorsheis.Therefore,itgreatlyfacilitatespeople’slife.Second,it’sconvenient.Wheneveronegetsintotroubleormeetssomethingurgent,onecanaskforhelpbymakingaphonecallimmediately.Mostimportantofall,it’saveryhelpfulcompanion.Withamultifunctionalcellphoneinhand,onecaneasilylogon,browsingusefulinformation,conductingE-commerceanddoingwhateveronecandoviatheInternet.

However,justaseverythinghastwosides,thecellphonealsohasmanydisadvantages.First,itmayaffectothers’attention.Forexample,somepeopleusetheircellphoneswhilelisteningtoalectureorattendingameeting,whichundoubtedlydistractstheattentionofothers,thusseriouslyaffectingtheatmosphereofthelectureorthemeeting.Second,itdoesmoreharmtoprimaryschoolstudentsandevenjuniormiddleschoolstudents.Manyofthemdonotknowhowdifficultitisfortheirparentstoearnmoney,theywastealotofmoneychattingwiththeirfriendsorgettingontheNetbymeansoftheircellphones.Worstofall,quiteanumberofadulttesteescheatontheirtestsbyusingtheircellphones.

Inmyview,itisunreasonableandimpossibletobantheuseofcellphonesamongyoungstudents.Whatreallycountsistousecellphonesontherightoccasions.SoIstronglysuggestforbiddingturningonthecellphoneinclass,ontestsoratmeetings.Anothersuggestionistoforbidprimaryschoolstudentsandjuniormiddlestudentstousecellphonesintheirschoolsonweekdays.Ofcoursetheycanusetheirsathomeorelsewhereonweekends.

14.单选题

Sheputanextrablanketoverthebabyforfearthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.hecatchescold

B.heshouldcatchcold

C.hecaughtcold

D.becatchingcold

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Forfearthat后面要用虚拟语气，表示“唯恐”，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

Theunrulycrowdbecameevenmore____whenthenegotiatortriedtoquietthem.

问题1选项

A.boisterous

B.bombastic

C.boorish

D.bloated

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.boisterous喧闹的B.bombastic浮夸的

C.boorish粗俗的D.bloated肿胀的

【答案】A

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】该句主语为“没有规矩的人群”，空格处所填词受more“更加”修饰，指“不守规矩的人群更加____”。根据后文“当谈判代表试图让他们安静下来（quietthem）时”可知，人群很吵闹，因此，人群应该是变得更加“吵闹”，A选项boisterous“喧闹的”符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】当谈判代表试图让这群不守规矩的人安静下来时，他们变得更喧闹了。

16.单选题

Wehavenotyetbeeninformed（）.

问题1选项

A.concerningtheonewhobrokethewindow

B.abouttheidentityoftheindividualwhoisresponsibleforbreakingthewindow

C.ofthewindow-breaker

D.astowhobrokethewindow

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词inform的用法，inform一般和介词of或about构成搭配，informsb.(of/aboutsth.)表示“知会；通知；通告”，因此C项正确。句意：关于谁是破窗而入者，我们还未接到通知。

17.翻译题

Whileithasgraduallybeenintegratedintotheglobalsupplychain,China’smanufacturingsectorhashadtoconfrontenormouschallenges.Intermsofcapacityforscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,Chinaranks28thoutof49majorcountriesaroundtheglobe.WiththatrankingChinaisnotonlybehindthedevelopedworld,butalsobehindBrazil,Indiaandsomeotherdevelopingcountries.Inrecentyears,withgrowingamountsofdirectforeigninvestmentandtheadventofglobalization,multinationalshavequickenedthepaceoftechnologytransfers,affordingthecountryanopportunitytolearnthelatesttechnologies.

【答案】虽然中国已经逐渐进入全球供应链，但其制造业不得不面对巨大的挑战。就科技创新能力而言，中国在全球49个主要国家中排名第28位。按照这样的排名，中国不仅落后于发达国家，而且落后于巴西、印度和其他一些发展中国家。近年来，随着外商直接投资的增加和全球化的到来，跨国公司加快了技术转让步伐，为中国提供了学习最新技术的机会。

18.单选题

ForitsfirstLondontour,Moscow’sSovrenmenniktheatercompany（）offwiththeplayitwasfirstallowedtostageaftercensorshipwaseasedinthecountry.

问题1选项

A.turned

B.kicked

C.made

D.switched

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。turnoff“关闭”；kickoff“开始干某事”；madeoff“逃走”；switchoff“关掉”。句意：在审查制度放松后，第一次伦敦巡演，莫斯科苏维瑞门尼克剧院第一次开始被允许在舞台上表演。选项B符合题意。

19.单选题

Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkills________peopleeachyearthanautomobileaccident.

问题1选项

A.sevenmoretimes

B.seventimesmore

C.overseventimes

D.seventimes

【答案】B

【解析】考查倍数的用法。根据关键词than，我们可以知道答案选“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”的变形。more和over一般是放在倍数后面，所以A，C选项排除。D选项不符合语法。

20.单选题

WhatyouoverheardthatdaydidhavesomethingtodowithMartin（

）.

问题1选项

A.inaway

B.intheway

C.ontheway

D.outoftheway

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。inaway意为“在某种程度上”；intheway意为“妨碍”；ontheway意为“在途中，接近”；outoftheway意为“偏远”。句意：你那天无意中听到的事确实与马丁在某种程度上有关。

21.单选题

Itisreportedthatthegovernmentisgoingtoimposeataxonfuelswhich______globalwarming.

问题1选项

A.attributeto

B.tributeto

C.contributeto

D.relateto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。attributeto“把……归因于”；tributeto“向……致敬”；contributeto“有助于”；relateto“涉及，有关”。句意：据报道，由于全球变暖，政府将征收燃料税。选项A符合题意。

22.单选题

Theyhadto________theirfailuretoalackofpreparation.

问题1选项

A.blame

B.dedicate

C.attribute

D.conclude

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.blame责怪，指责B.dedicate奉献，投身

C.attribute归因，归于D.conclude推定，得出结论

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】空格处和下文的“failure（失败）”构成动宾逻辑，表示他们不得不怎么样自己的失败，并且要能够和to搭配。由“alackofpreparation（准备不足）”可知，这是他们失败的原因，所以空格处应该是表达将失败的原因归于准备不足。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意为“把……归因于，认为……是由于”，因此C选项attribute“归因，归于”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项blame“责怪，指责”，blamesth.onsth.指将不好的事归罪、归咎于某事物，不能和to进行搭配；

B选项dedicate“奉献，投身”，dedicatesth.tosth.指在某一特定活动或目标上投入大量的时间和精力，不能和“failure（失败）”进行搭配；

D选项conclude“推定，得出结论”指根据所见所闻做出决定或相信某事，不能和to进行搭配。

【句意】他们不得不把失败归咎于准备不足。

23.单选题

Theydenouncedeficitspending,declaringthatyoucan’tsolvedebtproblemwithmoredebt.

问题1选项

A.condemn

B.dispute

C.contend

D.neglect

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项condemn“谴责；声讨”；B选项dispute“辩论；怀疑”；C选项contend“主张；为……斗争”；D选项neglect“疏忽；忽视；忽略”。句意：他们……赤字开支，宣称用更多的债务解决不了债务问题。根据名词deficitspending“赤字开支”即支出大于收入，也就是超前消费。对这一消费行为有人赞成，也有人否定。根据后面的关键信息youcan’tsolvedebtproblemwithmoredebt.“你不能用更多的债务来解决债务问题”由此看来，这里是不赞成超前消费的，有反对的意味。因此A选项符合题意。

24.单选题

Thisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（）.

问题1选项

A.presentation

B.instruction

C.conviction

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项presentation“展示，描述”，B项instruction“指令，命令，教导”，C项conviction“定罪，确信”，D项obligation“义务，职责”；根据句子语境“这所学校承诺缩小班级规模，提供更个性化的……”可知，只有B项符合。句意：这所学校承诺要缩小班级规模，提供更加个性化的教学。因此，该题选择B项正确。

25.单选题

TourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystemsliketheAlps,thewinterskiingplaygroundofEurope,andthetrekkingareasoftheHimalayas.Worldwide,itposesaseriousthreattocoastalhabitatslikedunes,mangroveforestsandcoralreefs.Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife,fromtortoiseshellandcoraltoivory.Its“consumers”inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.IntheHimalayas,showersfortrekkersoftenmeanfirewood,whichmeansdeforestation.InHawaiiandBarbados,itwasfoundthateachtouristusedbetweensixandtentimesasmuchwaterandelectricityasalocal.InGoa,villagersforcedtowalktowellsfortheirwaterhadtowatchasapipelinetoanewluxuryhotelwasbuiltthroughtheirland.Overthepastdecade,golf,becauseofitsappetiteforland,waterandherbicides,hasemergedasoneofthebiggestculprits,somuchsothat“golfwars”havebrokenoutinpartsofSoutheastAsia:campaignersinJapan,oneofthechiefexponentsofgolftourism,havelaunchedanannualWorldNoGolfDay.

Someobserversnowarguethattourismcanstrengthenlocalculturesbyencouraginganawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.Butwhat’sthevalueoftraditionifit’skeptaliveself-consciously,forprofit,andbearslittlerelationtoreallife—which,today,acrosstheworld,growsevermoreuniform?Hencethedismissivereferencesto“humanzoos,”“airportart”andthetrinketizationofcultures.ThesearequestionsthatapplyasmuchtofoxhuntinginBritainandCarnivalinRiodeJaneiroastoso-calledcannibaltoursinThailand.What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.

Partoftheproblemisthattourismiscolonialisminanotherguise—economicratherthanpolitical.Henceitrubshardagainstthegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.Buttherearealsosomeprofoundandoftenirreconcilabledifferencesinperception.

Whatmakespeoplewanttotravel?Theshortanswercentersontheconceptofescape.AccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause“theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive.Theyfeelthemonotonyofthedailyroutine,thecoldrationalityoffactories,offices,apartmentblocksandtransport,shrinkinghumancontact...thelossofnatureandnaturalness.”MacCannellarguesthatmasstourismisaproductofthe“mostdepersonalized”epochinhistory.Well,maybe.It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.It’sprobablyalsotruethatwhatwecasuallyrefertoasthe“pressuresofdailylife”―work,family,commuting—aremoreintense,insomerespects,thaneverbefore.Yetpeoplehavealwaysfeltadesireforsomethingmorethantheirliferoutinelyofferthem—something,well,different.It’spartlybecausehumansarenaturallyinquisitiveandexploratorybutalso,andmoresignificant,becauseweneedtheunknown,whathistoriansofreligioncall“otherness,”tolendourlivessignificance.Soweconceiveofidealworlds—Paradise,theGoldenAge,Heaven,Atlantis,andShangri-La—anddream,sometimes,ofattainingthem.

1.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,（）

3.Peopletravelbecause（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

问题1选项

A.tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems

B.tourismposesaseriousthreattopeople’smentalsystem

C.tourismblocksaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife

D.tourisminevitablybringsitshabitsandexpectationstoits“consumers”

问题2选项

A.tourismcanstrengthenlocalcultures.

B.tourismcanencourageanawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.

C.tourisminonewayoranother,changestradition,particularlyintheThirdWorld.

D.tourismcanpromotethegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.

问题3选项

A.theyfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

B.theydonotfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

C.theyfeelsickofthepeopleinthecommunity

D.theywanttoescapefromtheplacewheretheyliveandworkduetounhappiness

问题4选项

A.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

B.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinbigcities.

C.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavemuchmorepressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

D.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavelesspressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinbigcities.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由A选项可以定位到文章中“Tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems...”，中文翻译为：旅游业已经严重损害了脆弱的生态系统。可知A选项正确；文章中没有涉及B选项；由C选项“旅游业阻碍了濒危野生动物产品的繁荣和非法贸易”可以定位到文章中“Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife...”，中文翻译为旅游业助长了贸易蓬勃发展，而通常是非法的贸易，可知C选项错误，与文章意思相反；根据原文“Its‘consumers’inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.”，中文翻译为：“消费者”不可避免地带来他们的习惯和期望——无论是热水淋浴和冲洗厕所或为高尔夫球手提供浇灌的绿地。可以得知D选项“旅游不可避免地给消费者带来其习惯和期望”是错误的。因此答案为A。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由C选项可以定位到文章“What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.”，中文翻译为：不可否认的是，旅游业以这样或那样的方式改变传统，而且对许多人来说，尤其是在第三世界，这种改变看起来、感觉是退化。因此C选项“旅游业以这样或那样的方式改变传统，尤其是在第三世界”符合题意。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。可以定位到文章第四段中“AccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause‘theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive…’”，中文翻译为：现代旅游的主要权威者之一的瑞士学者JostKrippendorf称，人们旅行，因为“他们不再感到高兴——他们工作的地方，他们住的地方……”。可知D选项“由于不满，他们想逃离他们的生活和工作的地方”是正确的。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段中“It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.”，中文翻译为：的确，住在带花园的地方或那些生活在小城镇的人们，比公寓的居民和城市居民更少去度假。可以推测出B选项“生活在小城镇的人比那些生活在大城市的人有更少的假期”正确。

26.单选题

Therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesintheschemeproposed,but（）Ithinkweshouldbenefitbyadoptingit.

问题1选项

A.inbalance

B.offbalance

C.onbalance

D.outofbalance

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定结构。inbalance“保持”；onbalance“总的来说”；outofbalance“失去平衡”。本句意为“总的来说，我认为采用它对我们有好处”，用“总的来说”顺承“提出的方案有优点也有缺点”。C选项符合题意。

27.单选题

Everymemberofthesocietyhastomakea（）struggleforthefreedomofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.pledge

B.warranty

C.resolve

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定结构。makeapledge“宣誓”，本句意为“社会每个成员都必须宣誓为国家自由而奋斗”。因此选项A正确。

28.单选题

AsbefitsanationmadeupofimmigrantsfromallovertheChristianworld,AmericanshavenodistinctiveChristmassymbols;butwehavetakenthesymbolsofallthenationsandmadethemourown.TheChristmastree,thehollyandtheivy,themistletoe,theexchangeofgifts,themythofSantaClaus,andthecarolsofallnations,theplumpuddingandthewassailbowlareallelementsintheAmericanChristmasofthemid-twentiethcentury.ThoughwehavenoChristmassymbolsofourown,theAmericanChristmasstillhasadistinctiveaurabyvirtueoftwocharacteristicelements.

Thefirstoftheseisthat,asmightbeexpectedinanationasdedicatedtothecarryingonofbusinessastheAmericannation,thedominantroleoftheChristmasfestivitieshasbecometoserveasastimulustoretailbusiness.ThethemesofChristmasadvertisingbegintoappearasearlyasSeptember,andtheopenseasononChristmasshoppingbeginsinNove