考研考博-英语-惠州卫生职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-惠州卫生职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Allstudents（）aloudlaughwhenProfessorHenryFordtoldthemthejoke. 

问题1选项

A.letoff

B.letdown

C.letout

D.letup

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项letoff“宽恕，准许”；B选项letdown“使失望”；C选项letout“发出，泄露”；D选项letup“停止，放松”。根据句意“当HenryFord教授讲这个笑话时，所有学生都大笑起来。”这里是指发出笑声，所以选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Thesoilispartoftheearth,（）theatmosphere.

问题1选项

A.asitis

B.thesameis

C.sois

D.andsois

【答案】D

【解析】asitis

实际上,

事实上,

既然如此；same常用搭配是thesameas；选项C缺少连词，所以本题选项D。句意：土地是地球的一部分,

大气也是。

3.单选题

______mapthatdatedbacktoabout3,000B.C.

问题1选项

A.Theoldestknown

B.Itwastheoldestknown

C.Knownastheoldest

D.Knowntobetheoldest

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子结构。根据句子结构可知此处缺少主语。It做主语，was是谓语动词，theoldestknownmap是表语，datedbacktoabout3000B.C.做map的后置定语。句意：这是已知最古老的地图，大约可以追溯到公元前3000年。因此只有B项正确。

4.单选题

Itwouldbeenormouslyconvenienttohaveasingle,generallyacceptedindexoftheeconomicandsocialwelfareofthepeopleoftheUnitedStates.Aglanceatitwouldtellushowmuchbetterorworseoffwehadbecomeeachyear,andwewouldjudgethedesirabilityofanyproposedactionbyaskingwhetheritwouldraiseorlowerthisindex.Somerecentdiscussionimpliesthatsuchanindexcouldbeconstructed.ArticlesinthepopularpressevencriticizetheGrossNationalProductionbecauseitisnotsuchacompleteindexofwelfare,ignoring,ontheonehand,thatitwasneverintendedtobe,andsuggesting,ontheotherhand,thatwithappropriatechangesitcouldbeconvertedintoone.

Theoutputavailabletosatisfyourwantsandneedsisoneimportantdeterminantofwelfare.Whateverwant,need,orsocialproblemengagesourattention,weordinarilycanmoreeasilyfindresourcestodealwithitwhenoutputislargeandgrowingthanwhenitisnot.GNPmeasuresoutputfairlywell,buttoevaluatewelfarewewouldneedadditionalmeasureswhichwouldbefarmoredifficulttoconstruct.Wewouldneedanindexofrealcostsincurredinproduction,becausewearebetteroffifwegetthesameoutputatlesscost.Useofjustman-hoursforwelfareevaluationwouldunreasonablyimplythattoincreasetotalhoursbyraisingthehoursofeightwomenfrom60to65aweekimposesnomoreburdenthanraisingthehoursofeightmenfrom40to45aweek,oreventhanhiringoneinvoluntarilyunemployedpersonfor40hoursaweek.Ameasureofrealcostsoflaborwouldalsohavetoconsiderworkingconditions.Mostofusspendalmosthalfourwakinghoursonthejobandourwelfareisvitallyaffectedbythecircumstancesinwhichwespendthosehours.

Tomeasurewelfarewewouldneedameasureofchangesintheneedouroutputmustsatisfy.Oneaspect,populationchange,isnowhandledbyconvertingoutputtoapercapitabasisontheassumptionthat,otherthingsequal,twiceasmanypeopleneedtwiceasmanygoodsandservicestobeequallywelloff.Butanindexofneedswouldalsoaccountfordifferencesintherequirementsforlivingasthepopulationbecomesmoreurbanizedandsuburbanized;forthechangesinnationaldefenserequirements;andforchangesintheeffectofweatheronourneeds.Theindexwouldhavetotellusthecostofmeetingourneedsinabaseyearcomparedwiththecostofmeetingthemequallywellunderthecircumstancesprevailingineveryotheryear.

Measuresofneedsshadeintomeasureofthehumanandphysicalenvironmentinwhichwelive.Weallareenormouslyaffectedbythepeoplearoundus.Canwegowherewelikewithoutfearofattack?Wearealsoaffectedbythephysicalenvironment—purityofwaterandair,accessibilityofparklandandotherconditions.Tomeasurethisrequiresaccuratedata,butsuchdataaregenerallydeficient.Moreover,weightingisrequired:tocombinerobberiesandmurdersinacrimeindex;tocombinepollutionofthePotomacandpollutionofLakeErieintoawaterpollutionindex;andthentocombinecrimeandwaterpollutionintosomegeneralindex.Butthereisnobasisforweightingthesebeyondindividualpreference.

Therearefurtherproblems.Tomeasurewelfarewewouldneedanindexofthegoodnessofthedistributionofincome.Thereissurelyconsensusthatgiventhesametotalincomeandoutput,adistributionwithfewerfamiliesinpovertywouldbethebetter,butwhatistheidealdistribution?Evenifwecouldconstructindexesofoutput,realcosts,needs,stateoftheenvironment,wecouldnotcomputeawelfareindexbecausewehavenosystemofweightstocombinethem.

1.Theauthor’sprimaryconcernisto______.

2.Theauthorimpliesthatman-hoursisnotanappropriatemeasureofrealcostbecauseit______.

3.Themostimportantreasonwhyasingleindexofwelfarecannotbedesignedisthat______.

4.AnadequatemeasureofneedmusttakeintoaccountallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

5.Theauthorregardstheideaofageneralindexofwelfareas______.

问题1选项

A.refuteargumentsforaposition

B.makeaproposalanddefendit

C.showdefectsinaproposal

D.reviewliteraturerelevanttoaproblem

问题2选项

A.ignorestheconditionsunderwhichtheoutputisgenerated

B.failstotakeintoconsiderationtheenvironmentalcostsofproduction

C.isnotaneffectivemethodforreducingunemployment

D.wasneverintendedtobeageneralmeasureofwelfare

问题3选项

A.thecostassociatedwithproducingtheindexwouldbeprohibitive

B.considerableempiricalresearchwouldhavetobedoneregardingoutputandneeds

C.anyweightingofvariousmeasuresintoageneralindexwouldbeinherentlysubjective

D.accuratestatisticsoncrimeandpollutionarenotyetavailable

问题4选项

A.changeeffectsonpeopleoftheweather

B.differencesinneedsofurbanandsuburbanpopulations

C.changingrequirementsforgovernmentalprogramssuchasdefense

D.accessibilityofparklandandotherpremises

问题5选项

A.anunrealisticdream

B.animportantcontribution

C.afuturenecessity

D.adesirablechange

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一句即本文的主旨句“Itwouldbeenormouslyconvenienttohaveasingle,generallyacceptedindexoftheeconomicandsocialwelfareofthepeopleoftheUnitedStates.（如果有一个单一的、普遍接受的指标，用以衡量美国人的经济和社会福利，那将是极其方便的。）”，作者在文章中主要分析的是该论点的不可行性，所以A选项“反驳某一立场的论点”符合题意。B选项“提出建议并为之辩护”；C选项“显示提案中的缺陷”；D选项“回顾与问题相关的文献”。因此A选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Wewouldneedanindexofrealcostsincurredinproduction,becausewearebetteroffifwegetthesameoutputatlesscost.Useofjustman-hoursforwelfareevaluationwouldunreasonablyimplythattoincreasetotalhoursbyraisingthehoursofeightwomenfrom60to65aweekimposesnomoreburdenthanraisingthehoursofeightmenfrom40to45aweek,oreventhanhiringoneinvoluntarilyunemployedpersonfor40hoursaweek.Ameasureofrealcostsoflaborwouldalsohavetoconsiderworkingconditions.（我们需要一个指数，用于测量生产涉及的实际成本，因为如果我们用较低成本获取同样的产值，这说明我们更富有。用工时来衡量福利状况是不合理的，这意味着：将8名妇女每周的总工时从60小时提高到65小时，与将8个男人每周的工时从40小时提高到45小时，或甚至雇用一个非自愿失业的人每周工作40小时，增加的负担是一样的。要计算实际的劳动力成本，还要考虑工作条件。）”由此可知作者认为工时不是衡量实际成本的适当方法，因为工作条件也应该被考虑到，所以A选项“忽略了输出生成的条件”符合题意。B选项“没有考虑生产的环境成本”；C选项“不是减少失业的有效方法”；D选项“从来不是用来衡量福利的一般标准”。因此A选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“Measuresofneedsshadeintomeasureofthehumanandphysicalenvironmentinwhichwelive...Butthereisnobasisforweightingthesebeyondindividualpreference.（测量‘需求’最终会转化为测量我们生活的人类环境和自然环境……但是，这些测算结果除个人的偏好以外没有其他基础。）”由此可知，我们可以分别测量各种指标，并最终将这些测算结果合成一个综合指标，但是，作者在本段最后一句指出，这些测算结果除个人的偏好以外没有其他基础，所以C选项“任何将各种衡量方法纳入一个综合指数的权重本身都是主观的”符合题意。A选项“与生产指数相关的成本将是令人望而却步的”；B选项“必须对产出和需求进行大量的实证研究”；D选项“关于犯罪和污染的准确统计数字尚未可用”。因此C选项正确。

24.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Butanindexofneedswouldalsoaccountfordifferencesintherequirementsforlivingasthepopulationbecomesmoreurbanizedandsuburbanized;forthechangesinnationaldefenserequirements;andforchangesintheeffectofweatheronourneeds.（但测量‘需求’要考虑下列因素：随着人口的城市化和市郊化，人们对生活的不同要求；国防需要的变化；天气变化对我们的需求的影响。）”，由此可知A选项“天气变化对人们的影响”；B选项“城市和郊区人口需求的差异”；C选项“政府项目（如国防）需求的变化”都正确，第四段提到“Wearealsoaffectedbythephysicalenvironment—purityofwaterandair,accessibilityofparklandandotherconditions.Tomeasurethisrequiresaccuratedata,butsuchdataaregenerallydeficient.（我们还受到物理环境的影响，水和空气的纯度，公园土地的可达性等条件。要衡量这一点需要准确的数据，但这些数据通常是不足的。）”，所以D选项“公园用地和其他场所的可达性”不正确，因此该题应选D选项。

5.作者意图题。最后一段指出“Evenifwecouldconstructindexesofoutput,realcosts,needs,stateoftheenvironment,wecouldnotcomputeawelfareindexbecausewehavenosystemofweightstocombinethem.（即使我们能设计出测量产量、实际成本、需求、环境状况的各种指数，我们也计算不出福利指数，因为我们缺乏把它们综合在一起的权重体系。）”，由此可知作者认为福利总指数的概念并不能被实现，因此A选项“不切实际的梦”符合题意。B选项“是一项重要贡献”；C选项“未来的必需品”；D选项“理想的变化”。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

TheAmericansdifferfromtheChineseintheirabilityto________conversationswithstrangers.

问题1选项

A.holdback

B.enterinto

C.pickup

D.turndown

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“隐瞒，退缩，抑制，阻止”；B选项“进入”；C选项“捡起，获得，收拾”；D选项“调小，拒绝”。句意：美国人和中国人在与（）陌生人交谈的能力上有所不同。根据关键词：conversationswithstrangers，搭配最准确的是enterinto所以答案选B。

6.单选题

Thecat’shappyexpressionboretestimonythatithadeatenthecream.

问题1选项

A.doubt

B.proof

C.experience

D.revelation

【答案】B

【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项doubt“怀疑，质疑”；B选项proof“证明，验证”；C选项experience“经验，经历，体验”；D选项revelation“启示，揭示”。句意：那只猫快乐的表情证明它吃了奶油。Testimony“证据，证词”，由此可知B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Mr.Smithhadanunusual（）:hewasfirstanofficeclerk,thenasailor,andendedupasaschoolteacher.

问题1选项

A.profession

B.occupation

C.position

D.career

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项profession“职业；专业”，一般是指需要经过专业培训的职业，尤指需要较高的受教育水平的职业；B选项occupation“职业；占有”，泛指任何一种工作，多用于表格填写或正式书面语中；C选项position“位置；职位”，多指所处的方位；D选项career“生涯；职业”，指从事的职业或希望毕生从事的事业。句意：史密斯先生有一个不同寻常的职业生涯：他最初是一名办公室职员，然后是一名水手，最后成为一所学校的老师。他的职业从职员到水手，最后到老师，是一段任职经历，而不单单指一份职业，故选D。

8.单选题

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

问题1选项

A.confirms

B.declares

C.confesses

D.claims

【答案】D

【解析】近义词辨析。confirm确认，证实;declare宣布，声明;选项A和B都是后接名词短语或that从句;confess承认，坦白，confess(to)doingsth.承认做过某事;claim声称，断言，后可接名词短语、that从句,也可接不定式短语,不定式中的动作发生在claim之前,则用不定式完成式。所以选项D正确。

9.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Itisfast.

B.Itisslow.

C.Itworkswell.

D.Itisnotworking.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Canthatclockberight,10:30?

M:Thatclockisalwaysoff.It’s11:05.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheclock?

【解析】细节题。从对话两个时间点可知，这个钟慢了。

10.单选题

Peoplewillbelookingintoseehowgoodwearenowandwhetheroursuccesshasjustbeena（）inthepan.

问题1选项

A.flare

B.glitter

C.spark

D.flash

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项flare“闪耀”；B选项glitter“灿烂”；C选项spark“火花”；D选项flash“闪光”。句意：人们会来看看我们现在有多好，我们的成功是否只是昙花一现。flashinthepan，固定搭配，“昙花一现”。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationsshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepers,andbecauseofthis,canclaimhumanity’slongestcontinuous（

）ofnaturalevents.

问题1选项

A.defiance

B.documentation

C.maintenance

D.domination

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。A选项“挑衅，蔑视”；B选项“文件编制，文档”；C选项“维持，保养”；D选项“支配，统治”；根据句意‘继古埃及人之后旋即展开了有系统的天文与气候观察的中国人可谓是勤勉不辍的文献记录者，并且基于这一原因，中国人可声称拥有人类历史上对自然事件最悠久连续的文献记载。’确定B选项正确。

12.单选题

Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendofthe1920smarks,sofar,themostimportanttransformationinmotionpicturehistory.Despiteallthehighlyvisibletechnologicaldevelopmentsintheatricalandhomedeliveryofthemovingimagethathaveoccurredoverthedecadessincethen,nosingleinnovationhascomeclosetobeingregardedasasimilarkindofwatershed.Innearlyeverylanguage,howeverthewordsarephrased,themostbasicdivisionincinemahistoryliesbetweenfilmsthataremuteandfilmsthatspeak.

Yetthismostfundamentalstandardofhistoricalperiodizationconcealsahostofparadoxes.Nearlyeverymovietheater,howevermodest,hadapianoororgantoprovidemusicalaccompanimenttosilentpictures.Inmanyinstances,spectatorsintheerabeforerecordedsoundexperiencedelaborateauralpresentationsalongsidemovies’visualimages,fromtheJapanesebenshi(narrators)craftingmultivoiceddialoguenarrativestooriginalmusicalcompositionsperformedbysymphony-sizeorchestrasinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InBerlin,forthepremiereperformanceoutsidetheSovietUnionofTheBattleshipPotemkin,filmdirectorSergeiEisensteinworkedwithAustriancomposerEdmundMeisel(1874-1930)onamusicalscorematchingsoundtoimage;theBerlinscreeningswithlivemusichelpedtobringthefilmitswideinternationalfame.

Beyondthat,thetriumphofrecordedsoundhasovershadowedtherichdiversityoftechnologicalandaestheticexperimentswiththevisualimagethatweregoingforwardsimultaneouslyinthe1920s.Newcolorprocesses,largerordifferentlyshapedscreensizes,multiple-screenprojections,eventelevision,wereamongthedevelopmentsinventedortriedoutduringtheperiod,sometimeswithstartlingsuccess.Thehighcostsofconvertingtosoundandtheearlylimitationsofsoundtechnologywereamongthefactorsthatsuppressedinnovationsorretardedadvancementintheseotherareas.Theintroductionofnewscreenformatswasputoffforaquartercentury,andcolor,thoughutilizedoverthenexttwodecadesforspecialproductions,alsodidnotbecomeanormuntilthe1950s.

Thoughitmaybedifficulttoimaginefromalaterperspective,astrainofcriticalopinioninthe1920spredictedthatsoundfilmwouldbeatechnicalnoveltythatwouldsoonfadefromsight,justashadmanypreviousattempts,datingwellbackbeforetheFirstWorldWar,tolinkimageswithrecordedsound.Thesecriticsweremakingacommonassumption—thatthetechnologicalinadequaciesofearlierefforts(poorsynchronization,weaksoundamplification,fragilesoundrecordings)wouldinvariablyoccuragain.Tobesure,theirevaluationofthetechnicalflawsin1920ssoundexperimentswasnotsofaroffthemark,yettheyneglectedtotakeintoaccountimportantnewforcesinthemotionpicturefieldthat,inasense,wouldnottakenoforananswer.

Theseforcesweretherapidlyexpandingelectronicsandtelecommunicationscompaniesthatweredevelopingandlinkingtelephoneandwirelesstechnologiesinthe1920s.IntheUnitedStates,theyincludedsuchfirmsasAmericanTelephoneandTelegraph,GeneralElectric,andWestinghouse.Theywereinterestedinallformsofsoundtechnologyandallpotentialrevenuesforcommercialexploitation.TheircompetitionandcollaborationwerecreatingthebroadcastingindustryintheUnitedStates,beginningwiththeintroductionofcommercialradioprogrammingintheearly1920s.Withfinancialassetsconsiderablygreaterthanthoseinthemotionpictureindustry,andperhapsawidervisionoftherelationshipsamongentertainmentandcommunicationsmedia,theyrevitalizedresearchintorecordingsoundformotionpictures.

In1929theUnitedStatesmotionpictureindustryreleasedmorethan300soundfilms—aroughfigure,sinceanumberweresilentfilmswithmusictracks,orfilmspreparedindualversions,totakeaccountofthemanycinemasnotyetwiredforsound.Attheproductionlevel,intheUnitedStatestheconversionwasvirtuallycompleteby1930.InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive,andinotherpartsoftheworldproblemswithrightsoraccesstoequipmentdelayedtheshifttosoundproductionforafewmoreyears(thoughcinemasinmajorcitiesmayhavebeenwiredinordertoplayforeignsoundfilms).Thetriumphofsoundcinemawasswift,complete,andenormouslypopular.

46.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingisthemostsignificantdevelopmentinthehistoryoffilm?

47.Whydoestheauthormention“Japanesebenshi”and“originalmusicalcompositions”?

48.Theunderlinedword“overshadowed”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.

49.WhichofthefollowingaccountsforthedelayintheconversiontosoundfilmsinEurope?

问题1选项

A.Thetechnologicalinnovationofsoundfilmduringthe1920’s.

B.Theinventionofamethodfordeliveringmoviestopeople’shome.

C.Thedevelopmentofatechnologyfortranslatingfilmsintootherlanguages.

D.Thetechnologicalimprovementsallowingclearerimagesinfilms.

问题2选项

A.Tosuggestthataudiencespreferredotherformsofentertainmenttofilmbeforethetransitiontosoundinthe1920’s.

B.Toprovideexamplesofsomeofthefirstsoundsthatwererecordedforfilm.

C.Toindicatesomewaysinwhichsoundaccompaniedfilmbeforetheinnovationofsoundinthelate1920’s.

D.Toshowhowtheuseofsoundinfilmschangedduringdifferenthistoricalperiods.

问题3选项

A.distractedfrom

B.explained

C.conducted

D.coordinatedwith

问题4选项

A.Europeanproducersoftenlackedknowledgeaboutthenecessaryequipmentforthetransitiontosoundfilms.

B.SmallerEuropeanproducerswereoftenunabletoaffordtoaddsoundtotheirfilms.

C.Itwasoftendifficulttowireoldercinemasinthemajorcitiestoplaysoundfilms.

D.SmallerEuropeanproducersbelievedthatsilentfilmswithmusicaccompanimentwereaestheticallysuperiortosoundfilms.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】46.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第一段，下面哪个是电影史上最重要的发展？”。根据第一段第一句Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendofthe1920smarks,sofar,themostimportanttransformationinmotionpicturehistory.（20世纪20年代末，无声电影向有声电影的转变标志着电影史上迄今为止最重要的转变。）可知，电影史上最重要的发展是从无声电影到有声电影的转变，A项“20世纪20年代有声电影的技术革新”正确。由第二句话Despiteallthehighlyvisibletechnologicaldevelopmentsintheatricalandhomedeliveryofthemovingimagethathaveoccurredoverthedecadessincethen,nosingleinnovationhascomeclosetobeingregardedasasimilarkindofwatershed.（尽管从那以后的几十年里，在戏剧和家庭中移动影像的传输方面出现了所有高度可见的技术发展，但没有任何一项创新能够被视为类似的分水岭。）可知，B项“一种把电影送到人们家里的方法的发明”、C项“将电影翻译成其他语言的技术的发展”和D项“技术的改进使电影中的图像更加清晰”都不是。因此，该题选择A项正确。

47.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“为什么作者提及‘日本配音师’和‘原创音乐作品’？”。根据题干关键词定位到文章第二段第三句Inmanyinstances,spectatorsintheerabeforerecordedsoundexperiencedelaborateauralpresentationsalongsidemovies’visualimages,fromtheJapanesebenshi(narrators)craftingmultivoiceddialoguenarrativestooriginalmusicalcompositionsperformedbysymphony-sizeorchestrasinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.（在许多情况下，在有声电影出现之前的时代，观众在体验电影视觉图像的同时，也体验了精心制作的听觉呈现，从日本配音师，即叙述者，制作的多声音对话叙事到欧美交响乐团演奏的原创音乐作品。），从中我们可以推断，在有声电影出现之前，观众在观看无声电影时，也能够体验到精心制作的听觉呈现，包括对话叙事和原创音乐，这是说明声音陪伴电影的方式，C项“指出在20世纪20年代后期声音发明之前，声音陪伴电影的一些方式”符合题意，由此也可知A项“暗示在20世纪20年代向有声电影过渡之前，观众更喜欢其他形式的娱乐”错误。B项“提供一些为电影录制的最初声音的例子”，提供例子的目的本身就是为了说明有声电影之前，声音陪伴电影的一些方式，该项不正确；D项“展示电影中声音的使用在不同的历史时期是如何变化的”，第二段并没有论述历史时期的变化，D项错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。

48.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第三段中下划线的单词overshadowed的意思与……最接近”。根据题干定位到第三段第一句Beyondthat,thetriumphofrecordedsoundhasovershadowedtherichdiversityoftechnologicalandaestheticexperimentswiththevisualimagethatweregoingforwardsimultaneouslyinthe1920s.（除此之外，录制声音的胜利已经……20世纪20年代同时发展的视觉图像技术和美学实验的丰富多样性），第一段提到20世纪20年代发生了电影史上最大的转变，即从无声电影向有声电影转变，那么可以推测，这里的overshadowed指的是：录制声音的胜利已经盖过/超过了20世纪20年代同时发展的一些技术，那么四个选项中意思与之相近的是A项“转移，使从……分心”。B项“解释”、C项“引导，指挥”和D项“使协调，配合”都不符合。因此，该题选择A项正确。

49.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪项解释了欧洲电影向有声电影转变的延迟？”。根据最后一段中的InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive（在欧洲花的时间要长一些，主要是因为有更多的小制作者，对他们来说声音成本高得令人望而却步）可知，欧洲电影向有声电影转变的推迟是因为声音成本太高，小的制片人负担不起，B项“较小的欧洲制片人往往无力为他们的电影添加声音”正确。A项“欧洲制片人往往缺乏向有声电影过渡所需设备的知识”和D项“较小的欧洲制片人认为有音乐伴奏的无声电影在美学上优于有声电影”没有提到；由andinotherpartsoftheworldproblemswithrightsoraccesstoequipmentdelayedtheshifttosoundproductionforafewmoreyears(thoughcinemasinmajorcitiesmayhavebeenwiredinordertoplayforeignsoundfilms)（在世界的其他地方，由于权利和设备的问题，声音制作的转变又推迟了几年，尽管大城市的电影院可能已经安装了设备以播放外国有声电影。）可知，C项“给大城市里的老电影院安装电线播放有声电影常常是困难的”并不符合原文。因此，该题选择B项正确。

13.单选题

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

问题1选项

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

问题2选项

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

问题3选项

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

问题4选项

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

问题5选项

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”两种戏剧都使用音乐。最初，男性在能剧和歌舞伎剧中同时扮演男性和女性角色。选项A和C均正确，所以本题选D。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知选项A错误；选项B和C都是描述能剧的，所以只有选项D正确。

3.推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容可知，选项C和D是描述歌舞伎剧，首先排除；选项B在文中没有提及；选项A符合原文，所以正确。

4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎剧清楚地展现了这些商人的品味和思想。选项B符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后几句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知选项A和B都有提及，所以选项D正确。

14.单选题

1.Theprogrammeaimstomakethecountry（

）infoodandtocutenergyimports.

问题1选项

A.self-confident

B.self-sufficient

C.self-satisfied

D.self-restrained

【答案】B

【解析】题干中cutenergyimports“减少能源进口”可推断出前文是在粮食上自给自足，选项B符合题意。self-sufficient“自给自足的”；self-confident“自信的”；self-satisfied“自满的”；self-restrained“自我克制的”。

15.单选题

Hamlet______hisfather’sdeathonhisuncle.

问题1选项

A.reserved

B.reverted

C.revenged

D.revealed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项reverse“颠倒、撤销、反转”；B项revert“回复、重提”；C项revenge“报复、复仇”；D项reveal“显示、透露、揭露”；句意：哈姆雷特向叔叔报了杀父之仇。revengeon“向……报复”；因此该题C项正确。

16.翻译题

Thiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields.

【答案】

这种情况将是确定无疑的，能源匮乏将使高能量消耗这种美国生产方式将很难在农业继续下去，而这种耕种方式使少量农民联合起来获得高产量成为可能。

17.单选题

Firstbornchildreninafamilyseemtohaveastrongerdesiretosucceed（）.

问题1选项

A.thandolater-bornchildren

B.butlater-born-childrendo

C.aschildrenbornlater

D.iflater-bornchildrendo

【答案】A

【解析】考查句型结构辨析。dolater-born从句等于later-bornchildrenseemtohaveastrongdesiretosucceed。简化使句子简洁流畅，因为从句主语长，故do在前。句意：一个家庭中第一个孩子似乎有更强烈的成功愿望……。结合句意可知，A选项符合题意。因此答案为A选项。

18.单选题

1.（

）

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

2.（

）

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

3.（

）

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityofl