高中英语语法

语法-*=====从旬从句的做题思路===》判定是什么从句一、关于定语从句（前提：懂得判断是哪一种从句）.修饰某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。.连 接 词that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/asWhat/howx既起连接作用/有充当句子成分.先行词n./pron—被定语从句修饰的根据先行词选择连接词物：which/that//whose人：who/whom/that/whose时间：when/which/that地点：where/which/thatReason:从句完整why/forwhich；从句不完整which/that/-Way:从句完整inwhich/that/-;从句不完整which/that/-Idon'tlikethewayinwhich/that/--youspeaktoyourparents.Hefoundthewaywhich/thatwasreasonabletosolvetheproblem.当先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（…的）物：whose+n.=ofwhich+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhich人：whose+n.=ofwhom+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhomTheroom,ofwhichthewindowfacessouthismine.Thegirl,whosefatherdiedisourmonitor..只能用that不能用which（重点前5种情况）（1）当先行词是不定代词,如all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,theone寺。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.（2）先行词被all,few,little,no,every等词修饰时。Thereisnodifficultythatwecan'tovercome.（3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。ThisisthefirstletterthatI'vewritteninJapanese.（4）先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.（5）当先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.（6）当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或连接词本身是从句的表语时。Chinaisn'tthecountrythatsheusedtobe50yearsago.(7)当主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?.永远不用that ====:介词/逗号之后.当先行词是时间/地点时when/where/that/which/—When二介词+which二介词+时间Where二介词+which=介词+地点Which/that=时间/地点当从句完整时，用亚11©11/\\1同句介词+\¥11近11当从句不完整时，用which/that/-e.g.Istillrememberthedaysthat/which/-- wespentattheseasidelastsummer.Thisisthefactoryinwhich/wherehisparentsusedtowork.Thelibrarywhere/inwhich_studentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.Thelibrary,_which/thatwasbuiltinthe1930s,needsrepairing.Thelibrary_which/that/—youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.rilneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichwefirstmetinthepark.rilneverforgetthetime_that/which/—Ispentoncampus.rilneverforgetthetimethat/whichwasspentwithyou..as与which的比较：(1)在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句.如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用asoTheyfailedintheexam,as/whichisnatural.Asisknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.as"正如……，就像……”Which"这一点/这个/这件事”HepassedtheCollegeEntranceExamination,madehisparentsveryhappy.A.asB.whichC.thatD.itHeiscareless,whichcausedtheaccident.Heislateagain,as/whichweexpected.8.当先行词被thesame,such,so修饰时,Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.同一类 一 that 同一个Thiswassodifficultaproblemaswecouldn'tworkout.（后面句子不完整）Thiswassodifficultaproblemthatwecouldn'tworkitout.（后面句子完整）Thiswassuchadifficultproblem TheoldmanreturnedtoChina,heleft20yearsago.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.how-Whenisyourhusband'sbirthday?—Thesamedayofmybirthday,Ican'tforget.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.itLet'sputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,—theweathermaybebetter.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.ifMrGreendrovehiscarveryslowlyuntilhecametothefreeway,—thespeedlimitwas60milesanhour.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where.Thehoursthechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipwithreal-lifepeople.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.onwhichIknowtheboyyougavethebook.A.whom；to B.which；toC.towhom；to D.that；tohimHarbinistheveryplaceI'manxioustopayavisit.A.that B.whichC.onwhich D.towhichHaveyoubeentoHangzhou,WestLakeisthemostbeautifulinourcountry?A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.whereIknowthestudentyouborrowedthepen.A.that B.fromwhomC.fromwhich D.whomHereareplayersfromJapan,areouroldfriends.A.that B.where C.theyD.whoTheyarrivedatthefarmhouse,infrontofsatasmallboy.A.theplaceB.it C.which D.thatThatisthedayFilneverforget.A./ B.onwhichC.inwhich D.whenTheletterisfrommysister,isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.she.1lostabook,Ican'tremembernow.A.itstitle B.whosetitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat15.Iwanttousethesamedictionarywasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whatC.likeD.as16.HeisgoodatEnglish,weallknow.A.thatB.as C.thisD.whatrilneverforgetthedayswespenttogetherinthecountryside.A.whenB.onwhich C.which D.inwhichThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.A.that B.which C.nowthatD.ifHeistheonlyoneofthestudentsfromShanghai.A.whois B.whoareC.theyare D.thatcomeMrScottisoneoftheforeignexpertswho inChina.A.works B.isworkingC.areworking D.hasbeenworkingI,whoinAmerica,feelproudofbeingaChinese.A.is B./ C.amD.beingTheboyfailedintheexamagain,madehisparentsdisappointed.A.that B.which C.itD.whatThedoctorsandnursesdidtheycouldtohelpthewounded.A.allwhatB.allwhich C.everythingwhatD.allthatTheydidall(thattheycoulddo)tohelptheboy.He'llneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaceshevisitedinBeijinglastyear.A.thatB.whichC.whomD.where25.Doyouknowthereasonhewaslate?A.forwhat B.which C.forwhichD.thatDoyoubelievethereasonhegaveforhisbeinglate?ACBDAADABDCACBDBCAACCBDAC定语从句练习I.MultiplechoicesGuilinisthemostbeautifulplaceeveryoneallovertheworldwantstovisit?A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whereHaseverythingcanbedonebeendone?A.thatB.whichC.whatD./3.1don'tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.A.whichB.inwhichC.inthatD.ofwhichSheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.thatC.this D.whichTheSmithswillmoveintotheirnewhousenextWednesday,itwillbecompletelyfinished.A.bywhichtimeB.bythetimeC.thatD.whichInthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhomMrs.Brown,departmentIwork,isafriendlywoman.A.whoseB.whichC.inwhoseD.inwhichCouldyousuggestatimeitwouldfityoutovisitusandtryoutthemachine?A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inthatNextwinter,—youwillspendinHongKong,Iamsure,willbeanotherexcitingholiday.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.inwhichIsthistheresearchcenteryouvisitedthemodernequipmentlastmonth?A.whichB.whereC.thatD.theonethatIsthistheresearchcenteryouvisitedlastmonth?A.inwhichB.whereC.thatD.theonethat例1.Isthismuseumyouvisitedafewdaysago?例2.Isthisthemuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?例3.Isthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone变为肯定句：Thismuseumisyouvisitedafewdaysago.Thisisthemuseumyouvisitedafewdaysago.Thisisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.Canyoutellmethereasonyouwantedtobreakthewindow?A.whichB.thatC.becauseD.WhyIdon'tbelievethereasonyoutoldmeyesterday.A.forwhichB.thatC.becauseD.whyisexpected,theFrenchteamwonthefootballmatch.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.WhatDon'treadsuchbooksarenotworthreading.A.thatB.whichC.asD./16.isreportedinthenewspaper,DoctorLiwillvisitourtownnextweek.Heislateforschoolagain, isoftenthecase.weknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,_isveryimportanttous.A.asBwhichC.thatD.ItHeisbraveamaneverlived.Don'treadbooksarenotworthreading.Heisanhonestmanwerespecthim.Heisanhonestmanwerespect.A.such...as B.such.,that.1wanttobuythesameTVsethebought.ThisisthesamebookIlost.A.asB.thatA.asItwasinthesmallhousewasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfatherhespenthischildhood.A.which;thatB.that;whereC.which;whichD.where;thatThemeetingwasputoff,wasexactlywewanted.A.which;whichB.as;thatC.which;whatD.it;thatItissuchagoodplaceeverybodywantstovisititiswell-knownallovertheworld.A.which;thatB.as;asC.as;thatD.that;as29.——“Wheredidyoumeetyouroldfriend?^^——“ItwasinthehotelIwasstaying.”A.thatB.whenC.whereD.WhichFindoutmistakesinthefollowingsentences:Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoarepraised.Isthisschooltheonethatyouworkedlastyear?Isthistheschoolwhereyouvisitedlastyear?Hefailedintheexamination,itmadehismotherangry.)Therich,forwhosemoneyisnotaproblem,alwaysbuybighousesandexpensivecars.)IllneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountry.Witheverythingsheneededbuying,shewenthome.Itwassodifficultaproblemthatnoonecanworkout.ItisthishousethatIwasbroughtup.Itisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclassThanksforyourgift.ThisisexactlythatIwanted.JackisamanwhomIbelieveishonest.、名词性从句陈述语序主语从句WhatIsayistrue宾语从句Hewon'tbelievewhatIsay.表语从句ThatiswhatIsaid.同位语从句ItoldthemthenewsthatRocketswonthegametoday.区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。Ihaveforgottenwherewewentyesterday.Wherewewentyesterdayiscoveredwithallkindsofflowers.Oh!Thisiswherewecameyesterday.Thisistheplacewherewecameyesterday.Here,hemadethepromisethathewouldcomehere10yearslater.Iwillmakeamarkwherehemadethepromise.需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词；缺名词性成份时，指人用who/whom,指物用what;不缺意思和成份时用that。That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。theOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingtheOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisknown.A.不填B.WheneverC.WhatD.WhenThereisacommonbeliefamongthemrubbishcanandshouldbeputtogooduse.A.whichB.ifC.whetherD.thatHe'sboughtacottageforheretires,withthemoneyhesaved.A.WhenB.whereC.whatD.which（哪一个、哪一些）—ItisknowntoallthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.—DoyouthinkitpossiblethatwetakeoverTaiwan?—Ofcourse.It经常在句中当形式主语、宾语，代替真正的主语、宾语，以避免头重脚轻。Itisprettywellunderstoodcontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandoutoftheatmospheretoday.A.ThatB.whenC.whatD.howWhydon'tyoubringtohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?A.ThisB.whatC.thatD.it表“是否”时只用whether不用if:Whetherthepresidentwillcomeisnotknownyet.住从）Theproblemiswhetherweneedit.（表从）Theproblemwhetherwewillbuildanotherschoolhasn'tbeensettled.（同位语从句）HewasworriedaboutwhetherhepassedtheEnglishexamination.（介词之后）Itdoesn'tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.（whether...or/ornot）6.1don'tknowwhethertogo.（动词不定式之前）三、状语从句（主句完整，从句和主句之I用不存在修饰关系的，一般就是状从）1.关于when/while/as都有“当…时”WhenIarrived,hehadalreadyleft.Maryaskedmetocareforherpetwhileshewasaway.（当...时）Asthesunsetinthewest,itbecamedarkeranddarker.Astimegoesby//astheeconomydevelopsWhen（正在这时）Beabouttodo....When...Bedoing...when...Hadjustdone...when...Beonthepointofdoing...when...When==sincewhileHelikespopmusicwhileIamfondofclassicalmusic.（n*D）Maryaskedmetocareforherpetwhileshewasaway.（当...时）WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican'tagreewithyou.（虽然）asA.随着十句子astimewentbyastheeconomydevelopsWiththeexamcoming/drawingnear/approachingB.像十句子Itlooksalittleuglyasitis.C.作为+短语treat/regard/consider/thinkof/lookon as（把…作为…来对待）D.因为十句子because/since/forAsyouareSenior3students,youshouldsparenoeffort/painstostudy.E.正如/就像Asisknowntoall/weallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.Asanoldsayinggoes,it'snotuntiltheDragonBoatFestivalthatwecanputawaywarmclothes.F.虽然+句子（倒装）=though放句首a.表语提前Youngas/thoughheis,hespeaksEnglishfluently.Childasheis,heknowsalot.（冠词去掉）b.副词提前Muchashelikesher,hedarenottellher.=Although(xthough)helikesherverymuch,hedarenottellher.=Hedarenottellher,thoughhelikesherverymuch.though(放主句后面不倒装)c.动词提前Tryasshemay,shestillcouldn'tconvinceherparentsthatshewasmoresuitableforalawyerthanateacher.d.补语提前Pleasantastheymadeittotravel,wefelttiredafterthelongjourney.Althoughtheymadeitpleasanttotravel,.关于since/before/untilItis/hasbeenseveralmonthssincewelastspenttheholidayinthecountrytogether.Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.BeforeHeleftbeforeIcouldsay“thankyou“tohim.来不及ThreeyearspassedbeforeIknewit. 才Itwon'tbelongbeforewehaveamonthlyexam.Itwillbetenyearsbeforewemeetagain.Itwastenyearsbeforetheymetagain.Until/till（主句谓语持续性）Not...untiL・.（主句谓语短暂性）GeorgeworkedforIBMuntil/till2000.直到靠近，我才认出他。Untilhecameuptome,Irecognizedhim.（此句错误）==》Ididn'trecognizehimuntilhecameuptome..关于“一…就”Hardly...when...Nosooner...than...AssoonasThemoment/time/minute/second+句子Immediately/instantly/directly+句子Ondoing/名词Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.Themomentshesawtherobber,shescreamed.Instantlyhesawthedrowninggirl,hejumpedintotheriver.Uponarrival/Onarrival/Onarriving,Iwillpayavisittoyoufirst.Itis/was+时间点+when与强调句型的区另UItwasmidnight_Ifellasleep.A.whenB.thatC.whileD.becauseItwasatnoonwearrivedinthevillage.A.beforeB.whileC.whenD.thatUnless如果不(除非)/if如果yougoallouttodothework,Idon'tthinkyoucanachieveyourgoalasplanned.A.UnlessB.EvenC.SinceD.TillHeneverspeaksheisspokento,forheisnotmuchofaspeaker.

A.whenB.ifC.unless D.untilA.whenB.ifC.unless D.untilasif(though)似乎/仿佛/好像+真实/虚拟evenif/though即使incase/forfearthat以防/惟恐What/whatever/nomatterwhat;how/however/nomatterhowWhat(ever)+名词How(ever)+形容词/副词Whateverdifficultieswemeetwith,itisbesttofacethemandtrytosolvethem.Howeverlateitis,I'llwaitforyou.Nomatterhowbusyheis,heisreadytohelpothers.Nomatter+疑问词=引导状从疑问词+©丫©1==引导名从/状从Whateveryousay,Iwon'tbelieveyou.=Nomatterwhat(状语从句)Iwon'tbelievewhateveryousay.二anythingthat(宾语从句)Whoever/Nomatterwhocomes,don'tlethimin.(状语从句)Whoever/Anyonewholeaveslastshouldturnoffthelights.（主语从句）Where+句子（特别是引导地点状从和定从的区别）Ihaveforgottenwherewewentyesterday.Wherewewentyesterdayiscoveredwithallkindsofflowers.Oh!Thisiswherewecameyesterday.Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichwecameyesterday.Iwillmakeamarkwheretheteacheremphasizes.nowthat-since-when;inthat=because;notthat...butthat=notbecause...butbecause当先行词被thesame,such,so修饰时，Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.同 that 同一个Thiswassodifficultaproblemaswecouldn'tworkout.（后面句子不完整）Thiswassodifficultaproblemthatwecouldn'tworkitout.（后面句子完整）Thiswassuchadifficultproblem Thefamousscientistgrewuphewasbomandin1930hewenttoShanghai.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.whereverThephotowastakenstoodafamoushightower.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.thereYoumustbefirmyouthinkyourselftoberight.A.inwhichB.whereC.whatD.nomatterhowThewriterhaswrittenmanyEnglishpoems,histeachersandfriendshadn'texpected.A.asB.whichC.ofwhichD.thatSuchthingsyoudescribedarerarenow.A.likeB.as C.that D.which6.lifepacecontinuestospeedup,wearequicklylosinguptheartofenjoyment.A.WithB.AsC.when D.Whilethedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As8.Afterthewar,anewschoolwasputuptherehadbeenatheater.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what9.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethingsyoucanfindthemagain.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which10.itistruethatasuccessfulbusinessmanorinventorwillusuallybecomerich,manyotherpeoplewhoareoutstandingintheirfieldstakelittlenoticeofpersonalpossessions.A.WhileB.SinceC.UnlessD.If11.Asweallknow,itwasthatresultedtheterribleaccident.A.becauseofhercarelessnessB.herbeingcarelessC.becauseshewascarelessD.shewascarelessThewholecountrycheeredonNov.15thChinacompletedacleansweepforthefirstvictoryin18yearsinregainingtheWomen'sVolleyballWorldCuptitle.A.thatB.whenC.untilD.whichHehadtoberemindedtwoorthreetimeshecouldavoidmakingthesamemistakeA.beforeB.whenC.untilD.asyoudon'thavemyphonenumber,it's780-7842.1lookforwardtomeetingyousoon.AIncaseB.OnpurposeC.AslongasD.BythewayTakethisbaggageandhangityoucanfindenoughspace.A.whichB.inwhichC.attheplaceD.whereWeshallnevergiveintheymightdoorsayaboutourplan.A.nomatterhowB.whatC.whateverD.although语法二二==非谓语非谓语做题思路.判断主被动.判断时间（要发生/正在进行/已完成）非谓语====不能做谓语的动词形式Doing主动正在进行eg.Themanstandingthereismyteacher.beingdone被动正在进行eg.Ithinkthebookbeingwrittenbyhimwillsellwell.havingdone主动已经完成只能做状语egHavingfinishedhishomework,hewentouttoplay.havingbeendone被动 已经完成只能做状语egHavingbeentakencareofwell,theoldmanrecoveredsoon.done被动已经完成fallenleaves（这里表完成，不表被动）Thehousebrokenintoismysister's.（only\just）todo主动将来tobedoing主动正在进行tobedone被动将来tohavedone主动完成(tohavebeen)done被动完成非谓语Havingdone所表达的动作在谓语动作之前完成，一般放句首做状语。非谓语doing所表达的动作发生和谓语动作几乎同时进行。Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn'ttakemuchnotice.Havingstudiedvolcanoesnowformanyyears,Iamstillamazedattheirbeautyaswellastheirpotentialtocausegreatdamage.Walkinginthewayofbackhome,suddenlyIsawastorecoveredwithsmoke.配套练习someofthisjuice,perhapsyou'lllikeit.A.TryingB.TryC.TotryD.HavingtriedHesentmeanemail,togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hopein1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding4Tonywasveryunhappyfortotheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvited D.nothavingbeeninvited5lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept6.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandthem.A.correctB.correctingC.correctsD.tocorrectsuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedWithalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledDoletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearseverything.A.tohavehadknownB.havingknownC.tohaveknownD.tohavingknownatthedoorbeforeenteringplease.A.KnockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.KnockABCDABACCD不定式表意料之外的结果，现在分词表自然而然的结果。Ihurriedhome,onlytofindnobodyin.Hewokeup,onlytofindhimselfinthehospital.Hisparentsdiedearly,leavinghimalone.Itrainednon-stopfortendays,completelyruiningourholidays.Hewasadmittedtoakeyuniversitythisyear,thusrealizinghisdream.*onlytodo与doing作结果状语的用法“onlytodo”做结果状语表意料之外的结果，尤指不愉快的结果。“doing”做结果状语表示必然结果与主句之间含有逻辑上的因果关系。(l)Thiskindoffishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leaving_(leave)onlythebones.Footballisplayedinmorethan80countries,_making_(make)itoneofthemostpopularsportsintheworld.Itrainednonstopfortendays,completely_ruining_(ruin)ourholidays.Lily'smobilephonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,never_tobefound(find)again.Hisfatherdisappeared,never_tobeheard_(hear)fromagain.有宾语主动，无宾语被动e.g.Heseatshimselfatthebackoftheclassroom.(做谓语)Seatinghimselfatthebackoftheclassroom,hecan'tseethewordsontheblackboardclearly.(做状语)Heisseatedatthebackoftheclassroom.(做谓语)Seatedatthebackoftheclassroom,hecan'tseethewordsontheblackboardclearly.(做状语)Dressed(dress)inanewbeautifuldress,shefeelsmoreconfident.Hehidhimself/ishiddenbehindthedoor.Hidden(hide)behindthetree,thefathercouldn'tbefoundbyhislittleson.Comparedto/withcars,bicycleshavesomeadvantages.Judgingfromhisexpression/lookonhisface,heisfarfromsatisfactory.Judgedthebestinarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshiptotaling27000dollars.Seenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.Tastinggood,thefoodwassoonsoldout.语法三二=虚拟语气(-)if虚拟1/^ I主句

与现在相反be—weredo—didWould/should/could/migl与过去相反Be—hadbeendo-haddoneWould/should/could/migldone/been与将来相反l.Befwere;do—did2.wereto+V原3.shoulddoWould/should/could/migl注：1>iflwereyou—WereIyouifIhadfinisheditfHadIfinisheditifitshouldrain—Shoulditrain2、句型==（要不是）Ifitwerenotfor....Would/should/could/might+do/be=WereitnotforIfithadnotbeenfor....Would/should/could/might+havedone/beenHaditnotbeenforIfitwerenotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoItaly.Ifithadn'tbeenfortheexpense,IwouldhavegonetoItaly.I'vediscoveredIpossessalargenumberofdifferenttalentsandskillsthatIneverwouldhavethoughtwerewithinmehaditnotbeenformybeingopentotryingnewopportunities.3、Without/butfor==（要不是）Withoutyou,Iwouldn'thavegotfullmark.4、真，or/orelse/otherwise假Iambusy,otherwiseIwouldhelpyou.Iwasbusy,otherwiseIwouldhavehelpedyou.假，but真Iwouldhelpyou,butIambusy.Iwouldhavehelpedyou,butIwasbusy.5、错综时间IfIhadfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldn'tbeintroublenow.（二）、Ifonly/Wish+现在：beweredo—didIfonly/Wish+过去：be—hadbeendofhaddoneIfonly/Wish+将来：could/should/would+doAsif/though也适用Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.Itseemsasifitweretorain.注：mayyou+V原（三）动词：Insist/suggest/advise/recommend/propose/order/command/demand/require/request/desire+（should）do注：动词对应的名词和句型也用（should）do表虚拟suggestion/order/adviceIt'ssuggested/orderedthat+（四）It'snecessary/important/vitalthat...（should）do（五）It's（high/about）timethat...shoulddo/did（六）wouldrather+句子1、对现在/将来虚拟用did2、对过去虚拟用haddoneItseemsasifthesunroundtheearthsinceitrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.A.circlesB.iscirclingC.hasbeencirclingd.werecirclingAllthedoctorsinthehospitalinsistedthathebadlywoundedandthatheatonce.A.shouldbe;beoperatedonB.were;mustbeoperatedonC.was;shouldbeoperatedD.was;beoperatedon3.forthedoctor'scarefultreatment,hetilllastyear.A.Ifitisnot;can'tliveB.Wereitnot;couldn'tliveC.Haditnotbeen;couldn'thavelivedD.Iftheywerenot;couldn'tliveWelastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudiedD.wouldstudyWithalittlemorecare,youthistrafficaccident.A.couldavoid B.wouldavoidC.could/wouldhaveavoidedD.musthaveavoided语法四二=情态动词表猜测must只用于肯定句/表示很有把握的猜测/翻译成“肯定/一定”;can/could用于疑问句和否定句；may/might用于肯定句/表示没有把握的猜测/翻译成“可能也许”mustn'thavedone绝对错/是无效选项must必须,“不必”用needn,t/don,thavetomustn't禁止/不准一、情态动词+do/be表示对觇在行为或动作进行猜测You'vebeenworkingallday.Youmustbeverytired.—Someoneisknockingonthedoor.—Itcan'tbeLucy.She'sstillinthelibraryatthistime.二、情态动词+havedone/havebeen表示对过去行为或动作进行猜测musthavedone表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用can(could)来表示.Sincetheroadiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.Hecan'thavemissedtheway.Idrewhimamap.“ThedictionaryhasdisappearedWhocould/canhavetakenit?”may/mighthavedonemay/mighthavedone表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.Ican'tfindmykeys.Imay/mighthaveleftthemattheschoolyesterday.couldhavedone在肯定句型中，往往用作委婉的批评.本可以做什么，而没做；有时也用作猜测.Youcouldhavedoneitbetter.Tomcouldhavetakenthedictionary.oughtto/shouldhavedone和oughtnotto/shouldn'thavedone本该做而事实上没做 本不该做而事实上做Tneedn'thavedone本不必做却做了Theusageof“shall”表征求(用在第一、三人称) Theroomissodirty.wecleanit?”A.Will B.shallC.Would D.DoIaskedMissJonesifIclosethewindow.A.shall B.willC.would D.shouldIaskedMissJones,“ShallIclosethewindow?”(3)——Wewantsomeonetodesignthenewartmuseumforus.——theyoungfellowhaveatry?A.May B.ShallC.Will D.NeedShallmydaughterdoyourshoppingforyou?表承诺（用在第二、三人称）HerfatherpromisedthatheshallbuyheracomputerifshepassedtheNationalCollegeEntranceExam.表命令(正式文件/场合)Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesshallremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.IthasbeenannouncedthatallthestudentsshallputonmasksbeforegoingtoschoolincasetheyareinfectedwithSARSvirus.Youshallobeymyorders.Heshallleavethecountryatonce.Foreigncountriesshallnotinterfereinourinternalaffairs.Itshallsnowtonight.(表警告)语法五====Grammar省略Ellipse1)省略主语+be状语从句+主从句主语一致+从句中含有be动词While(weare)developingtheeconomy,weshouldprotecttheenvironment.Youmustbecarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.When(shewas)toldofthenews,shegotveryexcited.Once(itis)seen,itcanneverbeforgotten.If(youare)bittenbyasnake,youshouldsendforhelpanddon'twalk.Iwillnotgoevenif(Iam)invited.Youshouldn'tkeepsilentwhen(youare)spokento.Though(hewas)exhausted,hestayeduplate.Shehurriedoutoftheroom,asif(shewas)angry.2)省略itis/wasIfpossible/ifnecessary//ifso//ifnot//whennecessary3)不定式to之后的省略Wedonotvisitmyparentsasmuchasweoughtto(visitmyparents).Idon'tlikecoffee,butIusedto(likecoffee).Be/have不能省略的情况：Myhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.—Whydidn'tyoucometothemeeting?—Iwouldhave(come),butIgotaterriblestomachache.IfIhadn'tgotaterriblestomachache,Iwouldhavecome.——Aren'tyouthewaitressinthisrestaurant?——No,(Iamnot).AndIdon't.A.wanttobeB.wanttoC.want D.liketo——Didyoudrinkanywineattheparty?——rdlovemuch,butIhadastomachachethatday.A.tohavedrunkB.todrinkC.drinking D.havingdrunkWouldlike/lovetodo/havedone4)Thefirefightersdidall(that)theycould(do)toputoutthefire. did whattheycouldtoputoutthefire.Theboydidwhathecouldtohelpsupporthisfamily.Theboydidall(that)hecould(do)tohelpsupporthisfamily.尽力/竭尽所能语法六====Grammar反意疑问句.动词think/believe/suppose/guess主语第一人称时，依从句IAVethinkheshouldhavearest,shouldn'thn?I/wedon'tthinktheyareright,arethey?主语第二、三人称时，依主句Hebelievesthatnothingisimpossible,doesn'the?Youdon'tbelievethathedaregotherebyhimself,doyou?.情态动词must/can/could/may/might表猜测时，不依情态动词Hemustbeathomenow,isn'the?Hemusthaveknownit,hasn'the?Hemusthaveknownityesterday,didn'the?.祈使句—Pleasebequiet,willyou?—Yes,Iwill.//No,Iwon't.---Don'tbelateagain,willyou?—Yes,Iwill.//No,Iwon't.Let'ssingtogether,shallwe?Letusgo,willyou?.刖否后肯—HewenttoXiamenyesterday,didn'the?—Yes,hedid.//No,hedidn't.—Hedidn'tgotoXiamenyesterday,didhe?—Yes,hedid.//No,hedidn't.——Aren'tyouthewaitressinthisrestaurant?——No,(Iamnot).AndIdon't.A.wanttobeB.wanttoC.want D.liketo语法七二===代词部分否定与完全否定Bothofusdon'tagreewithyou.=Notbothofusagreewithyou.Neitherofusagreewithyou.Allthestudentsarenottiredofdoingmorningexercises.=Notallthestudentsaretiredofdoingmorningexercises.Noneofthestudentsare/istiredofdoingmorningexercises.All,both,each,every-与not连用都表示部分否定：All...not=notall...:Noteverystudentpassedtheexam.不是每个学生都通过了考试。=everystudentdidn'tpass