2022年4月自考00012英语一试题及答案

2022年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（一）试卷(课程代码00012)第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分)下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题纸相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。WhyILoveMyJobRossisapublicschoolteacher.Sheteachesagroupof,mostly,seniorsandsheloveswhatshedoes.

"Myjobisgreat,"shesaid."Thatistheonlywaytodescribeit.Asteachers,wehavetheopportunitytocompletelychangesomeone'slifebyprovidinghimorherwithagoodeducation."

RossmovedtoAustinin1981toattendtheUniversityofTexas.Sheearnedadegreeinmath.Sincehergraduation,shehasenjoyedteachinghighschoolstudentsinTexasfornearly30years.Overtheyears,shehastaughteverylevelofhighschoolmath.

"I'vealwaystaughthighschoolstudents,"shesaid."Iliketheirenergy,andIenjoyteachingseniorsbecausetheyaregettingreadytomoveon."

Rossalsobelievesteachinghelpsherkeepabalancebetweenworkandlife.Ithasallowedhertohavethesameworkscheduleasherchildren'sschoolschedule.Whenhersonswereyounger,sheworkedduringthedaywhilehermusicianhusbandworkedatnight.Sodaycarewasneveraproblem.Todayhertwoboyssharethesamedailyscheduleandthesamewinter,springandsummervacationswithher.

Teachingbringsotherbenefits,too.Entry-levelsalariesofteachersarecompetitivewithotherfields.Teachersarealsoofferedgoodretirementbenefitsandinsurance.“Duetobadeconomy,veryfewplacesofferapensionnowandteachingisoneofthem,"shesaid.1.Rossbelievesthatgoodeducationcanchangeaperson'slife.（A）A、trueB、falseC、NotGiven2.RosshasbeenteachinginAustinsince1981.（B）A、trueB、falseC、NotGiven3.Rossisabletoteacheverylevelofhighschoolmath.（A）A、trueB、falseC、NotGiven4.Rossisoneofthemostpopularteachersinherhighschool.（C）A、trueB、falseC、NotGiven5.Rossenjoysteachinghighschoolstudents.（A）A、trueB、falseC、NotGiven6.Ross'husbandusedtohaveaday-timejobwhentheirsonswereyounger.（B）A、trueB、falseC、NotGiven7.Ross'twosonsareinterestedinmusic.(C)A、trueB、falseC、NotGiven8.Rossoftengoestravelingwithhersonsduringtheirvacations.(C)A、trueB、falseC、NotGiven9.Newteachersearnmuchlessthanbeginnersinotherfields.(B)A、trueB、falseC、NotGiven10.Becauseofbadeconomy,teachersarelosingtheirpensions,too.(B)A、trueB、falseC、NotGiven第二部分:阅读选择（第11～15题，每题2分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题纸相应位置上将该项涂黑。AlbertEinsteinAlbertEinsteinwasafamousscientist.Hecreatedmanytheoriesthatcompletelychangedthewaypeoplesawourworldandtheuniverse.Atfirst,veryfewscientistscouldunderstandhistheories.Astimepassed,otherscientistscametoacceptthem.

EinsteinwasborninUlm,Germanyin1879andgrewupinMunich.Hewasnotagoodstudentatschool.Heonlydidthingshewasinterestedin,likescienceandmath.

Afterschool，EinsteinwenttoSwitzerlandandworkedattheSwisspatent（专利）officeinBern.Hestudiedwhatotherpeoplehadinvented.LaterhemovedtoBerlin,Germany.Helivedthereforalongtimeanddevelopedmanyofhisscientifictheories.HewontheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1921.

In1933,HitlerandtheNaziscametopowerinGermany.EinsteinwasagainsttheNazisandtheirideas.HedecidedtoleaveGermanyandgotoAmerica.WhenWorldWarⅡbrokeoutin1939,EinsteindiscoveredthatGermanscientistswereworkingonabomb.Thebombcouldkillthousandsofpeople.HewrotealettertotheAmericanpresidenttowarnhim.HealsosuggestedthattheAmericansstartbuildingone,too.

In1942,theAmericangovernmentstartedaprojecttobuildtheatomicbomb.TwoofthesebombsweredroppedtoendthewaragainstJapan.Einsteinwasshockedwhenheheardthenews.Hewantedatomicenergytobringpeacetotheworld.

Forthelasttwentyyearsofhislife,EinsteinlivedinPrinceton.Hecontinuedhisscientificworkthere.HediedonApril18,1955.

11.WhatcanweknowaboutEinsteininhischildhood?(D)A、HewasborninMunich,Germany.B、Hewasastraight-Astudentatschool.C、Hewasaskedtoleaveschool.D、Hewasinterestedinsciencesubjects.12.InwhichcountrydidEinsteindevelopmanyofhistheories?(C)A、Switzerland.B、America.C、Germany.D、Japan.13.EinsteindecidedtoleavefortheUnitedStatesbecausehe___A___.A、wasopposedtotheNazisB、couldfindabetterjobthereC、wantedtogetawayfromwarsD、wasinvitedbytheUSgovernment14.WhenEinsteinlearnedaboutthebombsdroppedonJapan,hefelt___B___.A、excitedB、surprisedC、satisfiedD、confused15.WhatcanbeinferredaboutEinsteinfromthepassage?(D)A、HehadmanyfollowerswhenhewasinSwitzerland.B、HeearnedaNobelPrizeafterWorldWarII.C、HespenthislatedaysinGermany.D、Hewasapeace-lovingperson.第三部分∶概括段落大意和补全句子（第16～25题，每题1分，共10分）

阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务∶（1）从第16～20题后所给的6个选项中为第①～⑥段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

JungleHighway

①CentralBrazilhasbeeninvaded（入侵）byengineersandconstructionworkers.TheyhavecutthroughtheAmazonjungletobuildanewroadacrossBrazil.

②ThenewroadiscalledtheTrans-AmazonHighway.ItlinksthecitiesofBrazil'seastcoastwithanotherhighwaythatstretchestothePacific.ThehighwayconnectscitiesalloverBrazilwithnewsettlementsincentralBrazil.

③Braziliansarebothhopefulandanxiousaboutthehighwayproject.ThelandofnortheasternBrazilisdry.Itisdifficultforthepeopletogrowenoughfoodormakeenoughmoney.Theyexpectthenewhighwaytoprovidenewfarmlandandmanyjobs.Theyalsoexpectnewtownsandcitiestodevelopalongthehighway.TheybelievepeoplewillmovefromthecoastalcitiesandhelpdevelopcentralBrazil.

④ThehighwayisagreatchallengetoBrazilianengineering.Hugecuttingmachinesareusedtoclearawaythickjunglegrowth.Thereareotherchallenges,too.Workershavetodealwithheavyrains,bitinginsects,diseasesandloneliness.Theydonotbringtheirfamilieswiththem.Theyoftenmisstheirfamiliesandfriendsathome.

⑤Ecologists（生态学家）areworriedaboutproblemsthenewhighwayhasbrought.Therainforesthasonlyathinlayer（层）ofrichsoil.Thislayerhasbeenprotectedbytalltreesandfedbydeadleavesandplants.Butconstructionisdestroyingtheforest.Thetreeshavebeenclearedawaytomakeroomfortheroadandnewsettlements.Ecologistsbelievetherewillbenogoodfarmland.Already,someareasofthejunglehaveturnedintodryanddustydeserts.

Task1

16.Paragraph①：

17.Paragraph②：

18.Paragraph③：

19.Paragraph④：

20.Paragraph⑤：

A.Descriptionofthehighway

B.Difficultiesoftheproject

C.InvasionoftheAmazonjungle

D.Lifeinthejungle

E.Ecologists'worries

F.Brazilians'expectations

Task2

21.Treesinthejunglehavebeencut_____.

22.PeopleinnortheasternBrazilexpectthehighway_____.

23.Brazilianshopethat_____.

24.Roadworkersoftenfeellonelybecause_____.

25.Ecologistsareworriedthat_____.

A.tomakeroomforahighwayproject

B.centralBrazilwillbedeveloped

C.theyleavetheirfamiliesbehind

D.theforestisdestroyed

E.peoplewillsufferfrommorediseases

F.tobringthemmoremoney答案：C

17.A

18.F

19.B

20.E

21.A

22.F

23.B

24.C

25.D第四部分∶填句补文（第26～30题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。First-bornChildrenHowdofirst-bornchildrendifferfromlater-bornchildren?Hundredsofexperimentshaveshownthattheeldestchildtendstobemorecareful,moreeagerforsuccess,andmoreanxious.26_______Heavoidsdangeroussportslikefootballandsoccer.

Onethingseemscertain:first-bornshaveagoodstartinlife.Theyarenomoreintelligent.Buttheyarebetterreadersaschildren.Theydobetterinhighschool.Theygetbettergradesonschooltests.Morefirst-bornsgotocollegesandgraduateschools.27_______Theydominate（占优势）ingraduateschools.Theyaccountformorethanathirdofdoctors,lawyersandcollegeprofessors.Morefirst-bornsbecomefamouspeopleintheworld.

Onereasonfordifferencesbetweenolderandyoungerchildrenisthatparentstreatthemdifferently.Manyparentsusuallyfavortheeldestbecauseeverythinghedoesisanovelty（新奇）.First-bornstendtobebreast-fedlonger.Theyarephotographedendlessly.28_______First-bornsarealsogivenmoreresponsibilitybecausethemotherneedsthemtohelpwiththeyoungerones.

29_______Sometimesitissimplybecausefamiliescannotaffordtosendmorethanonechildtocollege.

30_______Thefirst-bornchildprovidesthefirstvehiclebywhichparentscancontinuetheirownidentitiesandrealizetheirhopesanddreams.Allinall,itseemsthatfirst-bornsarenotonlyteachers'pets,butparents'petsaswell.

A.Heisalsomoresensitivetopain.

B.Manyparentssimplyexpectmoreofthefirstchild.

C.Theyaccountfor66%ofthestudentsintopUSuniversities.

D.Later-bornshavevaluablequalitiesthatmanyfirst-bornslack.

E.Butlater-bornsareluckytoappearingrouppictures.

F.Incertaincultures,theeldestshouldenjoyspecialeducationaladvantages.答案A

27.C

28.E

29.F

30.B第五部分∶填词补文（第31～40题，每题1.5分，共15分）

下面的短文有10处空白，短文后列出12个词，其中10个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。BuildingTrustinTeamworkTrustisimportantforteamwork.Teensmustlearntotrusteachothertoworktowardsacommon31_______.

Foroneactivity，puttheteensinto32_______.Oneisblindfolded（蒙住眼睛）.Useringsto33_______mines（地雷）inacertainarea.Theseeingpartnerstandsonthe34_______sideofthefield.Hemustdirecthispartneracrosstheminefieldsafely.Thepointistoseehow35_______theirchosenformofcommunicationis.

Foranotheractivity，36_______thewholegroupanun-assembled（未组装的）tent.TellthemtheyareinAntarcticaand37_______survivedasnowstorm.Theteamleaderhashishandshurtandcannot38_______.Halftheteamhavebeenblindedby39_______andtheotherhalfhavelosttheirvoices.Theymustwork40_______,listentotheirleaderandtrusteachothertoquicklyputthetenttogetherforsurvival.

A.barely

B.Effective

C.effot

Dgive

E.goal

F.help

G.opposite

H.pairs

I.represent

J.snow

K.difficult

L.together答案E

32.H

33.I

34.G

35.B

36.D

37.A

38.F

39.J

40.L第六部分∶完形补文（第41～50题，每题1.5分，共15分）

下面的短文有10处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌。

TheOriginofBirthdayCake

Thewordsfor"cake"and"bread"werepractically(practical)thesameinearlyEurope.Theonly41_______________(differ)wasthatcakesweresweet.Inthe15thcentury,42_______________(baker)cameupwiththeideaof43_______________(sell)cakesforpeople'sbirthdaysandtheirweddings.Sincethecakeswere44_______________(usual)usedforthebirthdaysofyoungchildren,thesecelebrationswere45_______________(refer)toaschildren'sfestival.Duringthisperiod,peoplebegantoputnewingredients（成分）intocakestomakethem46_______________（sweet）andlessbread-like.

Duringthe17thcentury，birthdaycakeswerealuxury（奢侈品）.Onlythevery47_______