土木工程专业英语常用词汇

PartIVCommonlyUsedProfessionalTermsofCiviloakum麻刀，麻丝

Engineeringtee三通管developmentorganization建设单位tap存水弯designorganization设计单位esthetics美学

constructionorganization施工单位formwork模板（工程）

reinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土shoring支撑pile桩batching配料

steelstructure钢结构slipformconstruction(slipforming)滑模施工

aluminiumalloy铝合金lfit-slabconstruction升板法施工

masonry砌体（工程）reinforced~配筋砌体massconcrete大体积混凝土

load-bearing~承重砌体unreinforced非配筋terrazzo水磨石

砌体constructionjoint施工缝

permissiblestress(allowablestress)容许应力honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面

plywood胶合板piledfoundation桩基

retainingwall挡土墙deepfoundation深基础

finish装修shallowfoundation浅基础

finishingmaterial装修材料foundationdepth基础埋深

ventilation通风padfoundation独立基础

natural~自然通风stripfoundation条形基础

mechanical~机械通风raftfoundation筏基

diaphragmwall(continuousconcretewall)地下连boxfoundation箱形基础

续墙BSMT=basement地下室

villa别墅lift电梯electricelevator

momentofinertia惯性矩liftwell电梯井

torque扭矩escalator自动扶梯

stress应力normal~法向应力shear~剪应Poisson’sratio松比μ

力Young’smodulus,modulusofelasticity杨氏模strain应变量，弹性模量Eagehardening时效硬化safetycoefficient安全系数air-conditioningsystem空调系统fatiguefailure疲劳破坏(air)voidration（土）空隙比bearingcapacityoffoundations地基承载力

albery壁厨，壁龛bearingcapacityofapile单桩承载力lmery壁厨，贮藏室two-way-reinforcement双向配筋anchoragelength锚固长度reinforcedconcretetwo-wayslabs钢筋混凝土双向

antiseismicjoint防震缝板architecturalappearance建筑外观singlewayslab单向板architecturalarea建筑面积windowblind窗帘sunblind

architecturaldesign建筑设计windload风荷载fiashing泛水curing养护workability(placeability)和易性watertightconcrete防水混凝土safetyglass安全玻璃whitecement白水泥temperedglass(reinforcedglass)钢化玻璃separatingofconcrete混凝土离折segregationfoamed泡沫玻璃ofconcreteasphalt沥青mortar砂浆~joint灰缝

felt(malthoid)油毡pilaster壁柱rivetedconnection铆接firerating耐火等级welding焊接firebrick耐火砖

screwedconnection螺栓连接standardbrick标准砖terracotta琉璃瓦thermalinsulation隔热mosaic马赛克throughventilation穿堂风ceramicmosaic陶瓷锦砖，马赛克，ceramictimberstructure木结构woodstructuremosaictiletoilet盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池

ceramictile瓷砖tracingpaper描图纸rubblewall毛石墙lawn草坪marbleXX石,XX岩treatmentofelevation立面处理

granite花岗石,花岗岩drawingboard绘图板ready-mixedconcrete商品混凝土，预拌混凝土triaxialcompressiontest三轴压缩试验real房地产tubularsteelscaffolding钢管脚手架

reinforcementbar钢筋veinforcementmeal,uniformlydistributedload均布荷载reinforcingbar,reinforcingsteelunnotchedbar光面钢;threadbar螺纹钢筋reinforcementcover混凝土保护层urinal小便池，小便斗，小便槽reinforcementmat钢筋网,reinforcingmeshvalley天沟reinforcingratio配筋率reinforcementventilatingskylight通风天窗percentagewaterproofbarrier防水层aquatardreinforcingwork钢筋工程Terzaghibearingcapacitytheory太沙基承载力理

residentialbuilding居住建筑论rigidfoundation刚性基础Terzaghiconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论roof屋顶，屋盖，屋面;roofboard屋面板;rooffoundationtreatment地基处理

garden屋顶花园foundationpressure基底压力roofliveload屋面活荷载span跨度rusticterrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石specificgravity比重sand砂垫层quicklime生石灰,氧化钙

saw-toothskylight锯齿形天窗hydratedlime熟石灰,消石灰scaffold脚手架hydration水化作用sill窗台plasterofParis熟石膏siltysoil粉质土portlandcement波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水singledoor单扇门泥doubledoor双扇门portlandblastfurnaceslagt渣水泥singlereinforcemen单筋tportlandfly-ashcement粉煤灰(硅酸盐)水泥

slidingdoor推拉门portland-pozzolanacement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥slidingwindow水平推拉窗gas-foamingadmixture发泡剂楼梯间retardingadmixture缓凝剂

stairrail(ing)楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手water-reducing减水剂stairstep楼梯踏步air-entrainedagent加气剂stairstring楼梯梁slump坍落度stairclearance楼梯净空高度stairheadroomwater-cementratio水灰比w/csteelforms钢模板architecturallighting建筑采光,建筑照明storeroom贮藏室architectural建筑透视图structuraldrawings结构图architecturalsection建筑剖面图

softsubstratum软弱下卧层architecturalspecifications建筑规Xsunlouver遮阳板architecturalworkingdrawing建筑施工图supportingblock支座architecture建筑草图

supportinglayer持力层arcwelding电弧焊tensilereinforcement受拉钢筋tensilesteel,stressconcentration应力集中tensionreinforcementmultistoriedbuilding多层建筑

terraceroof平屋顶settlementoffoundation地基沉降tensilestrength抗拉强度buildingrubble建筑垃圾compressivestrength抗压强度buildingstormsewer房屋雨水管bendingstrength抗弯强度builtincupboard壁厨constructionmaterial建筑材料buildingmaterialcablestructure悬索结构continuous连续梁cable-supportedconstruction悬索结构towercrane塔式起重机,塔吊canopy雨篷SPT=standardpenetrationtest标准贯入度试验cast-in-placeconcrete现浇混凝土

wallbetweentwowindows窗间墙cast-in-situconcrete现浇混凝土stability稳定性caterpillarcrane履带式起重机stress-straincurve应力-应变曲线cavitybrick空心砖

stress-straindiagram应力-应变图cavitywall空心墙damp-proofcoating防潮层ceiling顶棚，吊顶，天花板osmosis渗透cementfloor水泥地面osmoticco-efficient渗透系数cementmortar水泥砂浆osmoticpressure渗透压力中心距(中到中间距)finiteelementmethod有限单无法chain-pullswitch拉线开关finite-differencemethod有限差分法cromatics色彩学

finiteslicemethod条分法cityplanning城市规划deformation变形civilarchitecture民用建筑displacement位移civilbuilding民用建筑

allowablebearingcapacity容许承载力civilengineering土木工程totalanddifferentialsettlement总沉降量和沉降差claybrick粘土砖’scircleofstress摩尔应力圆clerestory天窗snowlaod雪(荷)载clerestorywindows高侧窗

bentreinforcementbar弯起钢筋closet盥洗室，厕所，卫生间bentsteel弯起钢筋coatedglass玻璃幕墙glasscurtainwallbent-upbar弯起钢筋collapsibleloess湿陷性黄土slumpingloess

bid投标，标书collartiebeam圈梁bidcall招标combinationbeam组合梁bidopening开标combinationconstruction混合结构biddingsheet标价单shearwall剪力墙

bidprice出价，投标价格shearstrength抗剪强度bindingreinforcement绑扎钢筋transom（门上的）亮子blockingcourse檐口墙，女儿墙parapet(wall)bar棒，条，杆件，（粗）钢筋

bloodwood红木redwoodbeam梁bricklintel砖砌过梁framework框架brickmasonrystructure砖石结构truss桁架BRKT=bracket牛腿staticallydeterminate~静定桁架buildingheight建筑高度staticallyindeterminate~超静定桁架buildingindustrialization建筑工业化elasticity弹性building-infitting预埋件plasticity塑性

buildinglaw建筑法stiffness刚度buildingline建筑红线fiexibility挠度buildingmodule建筑模数bendingmoment弯矩~diagram弯矩图~

buildingorientation建筑物朝向envelope弯矩包络线buildingpermitsforconstruction建筑施工执照influenceline影响线buildingequipment建筑设备aggregate骨料

buildingphysics建筑物理coarse~粗骨料fine~细骨料completiondate竣工日期admixture外加剂compressionbar受压钢筋concretemixer混凝土搅拌机compressionsteel受压钢筋paint油漆concealedwork隐蔽工程

density密度conductor水落管viscosity粘度，粘滞性constructionadministration施工管理geology地质constructionaldrawing施工图,构造图earthpressure土压力active~主动土压力constructionandinstallationwork建筑安装工程coarsesand粗砂;mediumsand中砂;finesand细constructioncompany建筑公司砂construction建筑经济

artificialdaylight人工采光constructionindustry建筑(工)业artificialillumination人工照明constructioninprocess在建工程artofarchitecture建筑艺术constructionmanagement施工组织设计seismaticdesign抗震设计constructionperiod施工工期

backview背立面constructionsite施工现场balcony阳台creep徐变蠕变balustrade栏杆，扶手crosswall横墙

bambooscaffolding竹脚手架darkroom暗室bandiron扁铁，扁钢designdevelopmentphase技术设计阶段barcutter钢筋切断机designscheme设计方案barlist钢筋表detaildrawing详图,大样图细部图barspacing钢筋间距developmentarea开发区baseboard踢脚板digestiontank化粪池septictank,sewagetankbasicmodule基本模数distributedload分布荷载

BC=buildingcode建筑法规distributingbars分布钢筋beam-and-column梁柱结构（框架结distributionreinforcement分布钢筋构）BL=deadload恒载,自重

beam-and-girder主次梁梁格结构doglegstair双折楼梯halfturnbeam-and-slabconstruction梁板结构domesticbuilding居住房屋住宅beamwithoneoverhangingend悬臂梁cantileverdoorwindow落地窗beam,overhangingbeamdormitory宿舍beamwithsimplysupportedends简支梁simpledownspout雨水管落水管drainspout,fallpipe,beam,simple-supportedbeam,simplysupportedleaderpipe,rainconductor,rainleader,rain-waterbeamleaderbeamwithfixedends固端梁dripline滴水线bendingstiffness弯曲刚度dunny厕所,盥洗室bendingstrength抗弯强度earthquakeintensity地震烈度

bendingstress弯曲应力earthquakeload地震荷载bendbar弯起钢筋，弯筋earthquakeresistantdesign抗震设计commemorativearchitecture纪念性建筑earthwork土石方工程commercialbuildings商业建筑物,商业房屋earthworkquantity土方工程量

compactedfill压实填土,夯实填土eave屋檐compactedsoil压实土effectivedepth有效高度,有效深度有效厚度compactionbylayers分层填土夯实enameledtile琉璃瓦,釉面砖compactionbyrolling碾压engineeringgeologicalprospecting工程地质勘探compactionbyvibration振动压实expandedjoint伸缩缝温度缝shrinkagejoint,compartmentation隔断temperaturejoint

completionacceptance竣工验收factorybuilding厂房figuredglass图案玻璃,压花玻璃patternedglassaccordionshades折叠式活动隔断，屏风fixedwindow固定窗acid酸flatskylight平天窗alkali碱flexiblefoundation柔性基础acousticalinsulation隔声

floorload楼面荷载redcray红粘土adamicearthfloorplan楼屋平面图adhesivebitumen冷底子油floor-to-ceilingheight楼面至顶棚高度,室内净高administrationoftheconstructioncontract施工合

floor-to-floorheight楼面至楼面高度同管理storyheight层高aerialledder消防梯farmedsteel型钢shape(d)steelnon-bearingwall非承重墙non-loadbearingwall

foundationbeam基础梁normfordetailedestimates预算定额foundationbed基础垫层normforpreliminaryestimates概算定额gable出墙~wallnormforestimatinglabor劳动定额galvanizediron镀锌铁皮,白铁皮normforestimatingmaterialrequirements材料定额

generalarrangementdrawing总体布置图,总平面图openditch明沟opentrenchgenerallayout总平面图,总体布置outsidefinish外装修glassfiberreinforcedplastics玻璃纤维增强塑料,partion隔壁,~screen隔断

玻璃钢peashingle豆砾石，绿豆砂gluedboard胶合板pipelinegas管道煤气gravel砾石;~cobble卵石pebblegravel,pebbleplastichinge塑性铰

stoneplinth(wall)勒脚groundengineering地基工程pointing(joints)勾缝groundfloorplan底层平面图pointingmasonry勾缝砌体,清水墙groundwatersurface地下水位phreatic(water)porch门廊走廊

surfaceporewater孔隙水gutter明沟,天沟post-tensioning后X法rain-gutter檐沟,天沟precastconcretelintel预制混凝土过梁hair麻刀hempprecastreinforcedconcretebuilding预制钢筋混凝mixedsand混合砂土房屋mechanicsofmaterials材料力学monolithicreinforcedconcretebuilding整体式钢筋theoreticalmechanics理论力学混凝土房屋elastic弹性力学prestressedconcrete预应力混凝土structural结构力学pretensioning先X法architectural建筑力学protectingcap安全帽prot