(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课件第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions (含详解)

Unit4HistoryandTraditions基础知识排查核心考点突破写作能力提升基础知识排查1.mansion

n.公馆；宅第2.cemetery

n.墓地；公墓3.philosophy

n.哲学4.descendant

n.后裔；后代；子孙5.heel

n.足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟6.Achilles’

heel (喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致

命的弱点Ⅰ.认阅读单词词汇句型知识速记[单元词汇要记牢]7.kingdom

n.王国；领域8.currency

n.通货；货币9.military

adj.军事的；军用的10.landscape

n.(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景11.ancestor

n.祖宗；祖先12.courtyard

n.庭院；院子13.cattle

n.牛14.scent

n.气味；气息15.stew

n.炖菜(有肉和蔬菜)

vt.&vi.炖；煨16.sensory

adj.感觉的；感官的17.transition

n.过渡；转变；变迁18.Wales 威尔士(英国)19.Scotland 苏格兰(英国)20.NorthernIreland 北爱尔兰(英国)21.Viking

n.维京人；北欧海盗22.Norman

adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的theNormans 诺曼人23.Roman

adj.古罗马的；罗马的

n.古罗马人；罗马市民24.Irish

adj.爱尔兰的；爱尔兰人(或语)的Ⅱ.记重点单词1.Confucius

n.孔子2.individual

adj.单独的；个别的

n.个人3.chief

adj.最重要的；最高级别的

n.(公司或机构的)首领；酋长4.nearby

adj.附近的；邻近的

adv.在附近5.conquer

vt.占领；征服；控制6.battle

n.战役；搏斗

vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗7.port

n.港口(城市)8.charge

n.收费；指控；主管

vt.收费；控告；充电9.amount

n.金额；数量10.gallery

n.(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊11.approach

n.方法；途径；接近

vt.接近；接洽；着手处理

vi.靠近12.ensure

vt.保证；确保；担保13.butter

n.黄油；奶油

vt.涂黄油于14.honey

n.蜂蜜15.position

n.位置；姿态；职位16.snack

n.点心；小吃17.county

n.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县18.feast

n.盛宴；宴会；节日19.roll

vi.&vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动

n.卷(轴)；翻滚20.dot

n.点；小(圆)点

vt.加点；遍布21.roar

vi.&n.吼叫；咆哮22.ocean

n.大海；海洋23.pub

n.酒吧；酒馆24.wine

n.葡萄酒；果酒25.beer

n.(一杯)啤酒Ⅲ.知拓展单词1.puzzlen.谜；智力游戏；疑问

vt.迷惑；使困惑

→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的

→puzzledadj.感到困惑的2.belongvi.应在(某处)；适应

→belongingn.(U)归属；(pl.)所有物，财产3.defencen.防御；保卫

→defendv.防御；保卫

→defensiveadj.防御的；保护的4.legaladj.法律的；合法的

→illegaladj.不合法的

→legallyadv.法律上地5.surroundvt.围绕；包围

→surroundingadj.周围的；附近的

→surroundingsn.环境6.evidencen.证据；证明

→evidentadj.明显的7.achievementn.成就；成绩；达到

→achievevt.达到；实现8.locationn.地方；地点；位置

→locatevt.确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置

→locatedadj.坐落于；位于9.fascinatingadj.极有吸引力的；迷人的

→fascinatev.使……入迷，迷住

→fascinatedadj.着迷的10.announcevt.宣布；通知；声称

→announcementn.宣布；通知

→announcern.广播员；解说员11.generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的

→generosityn.慷慨；大方12.eageradj.热切的；渴望的

→eagerlyadv.热心地；急切地

→eagernessn.热切；渴望13.poetn.诗人→poemn.诗歌

→poetryn.诗歌(总称)14.greetvt.问候；迎接

→greetingn.问候；致意15.customn.风俗；习俗；习惯

→customern.顾客

→customsn.海关16.strikingadj.引人注目的；显著的

→strikevt.打击；攻击；打动

n.罢工17.crowdn.人群；一群人；民众

vt.挤满；使……拥挤

→crowdedadj.拥挤的Ⅳ.背核心短语1.join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来2.breakaway(fromsb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱3.belongto 属于4.aswellas 同(一样也)；和；还5.keepyoureyesopen(for) 留心；留意6.add...to... 把……添加到……中7.referto 谈到；查阅；指的是8.takeover 接收；接管9.leavebehind 把……抛在后面；留下；遗留10.haveagreatinfluenceon 对……有极大影响[增加词汇来助力]1.carpenter

n.木匠2.casual

adj.随意的；不定期的3.cautious

adj.谨慎的；小心的4.ceremony

n.仪式；典礼5.certificate

n.证明；证明书

6.challenging

adj.具有挑战性的7.changeable

adj.易变的；变化无常的8.characteristic

adj.典型的；特有的

n.特征；特点词汇句型[经典句式需悟通]1.TheUnitedKingdom，GreatBritain，Britain，England—manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.(what引导的宾语从句)联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。2.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany？(if的省略结构)如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？词汇句型3.Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(过去分词短语作后置定语)像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。4.TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.(havesth.done)他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行改革。5.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.(if引导的条件状语从句)如果留心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。6.Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.(with的复合结构)“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。7.Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancing，anddining.(Itis＋adj.＋that...)乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓厚的传统包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。WhenstudyingintheUnitedKingdom，IwasnolongerpuzzledaboutwhenEnglandgotWales，ScotlandandIreland1.

itorwhenthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromit.Thefourcountries2.______________

theUKusethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence，词汇串记语境填词joinedtobelongingtocharge，belongto，eager，greet，join...to...，surroundbuttheyhavedifferentlegal

systems.IsawmuchevidencethatshowedtheRomans，theVikingsaswellastheNormansinvadedandconqueredtheGreatBritain，leavingtheirso-calledachievementsandinfluencedthenamesoflocationsandvocabulary.Thereweremanyfascinatingplaces，soIhadtokeepmyeyesopen.LaterItraveledtoIrelandwhereIfoundmyselffascinatedbythelandscape.ItwasafeastformyeyesasifIwereapproachingagalleryinwhichIwas3.____________

withbeautifulpictures.EverydayIwas4.

withtherollingmountainsdottedwithsheepandcattle，theroarofsurroundedgreetedcharge，belongto，eager，greet，join...to...，surroundtheocean

andthescentofflowers.Ioftenhadasipofwineorbeer

innearby

pubswhich5.

asmallamountofmoneyfortheirservice.OnceItalkedabouttheircustomswithacrowdofIrishpeoplewhowereinterestedinourConfuciusphilosophy，poemscreatedbypoetsintheTangDynastyandourancestors’chief

achievements.Theyweregenerousandsharedwithmeasnackcookedwithbutterandhoneyandamouth-wateringstew.ThejourneyissostrikingthatI’m6.______

togothereagain.charged返回charge，belongto，eager，greet，join...to...，surroundeager0533.0核心考点突破提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇surround...with...用……包围……besurroundedby/with被……包围vt.包围；围绕(surroundingadj.周围的；附近的surroundingsn.环境)1surround(1)The

(surround)fascinatinglandscapenearlytookmybreathaway.surrounding(2)您可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的有益的建议吗？(应用文写作之求助信)Wouldyoupleaseoffermesomebeneficialadviceon_________________

?(3)绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)

，thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.Thereisasmallriverflowingthroughthefarm.unfamiliarsurroundingshowtoadapttotheSurroundedbygreentrees•

chargesb.with(doing)sth.＝accusesb.of(doing)sth.指控某人

犯……罪chargesb.moneyforsth.因某事/物收某人钱chargeat向……发起冲锋，扑向•

freeofcharge＝forfree免费inchargeof掌管(表状态)takechargeof掌管(表动作)inthechargeof被……掌管；由……负责vt.收费；控告；充电；(向……)冲

n.收费；指控；主管2charge(1)Wehaveenoughevidenceandconfidencetochargeyou

abuseofpower.(2)Thegenerousownerofthepubchargedusonlyasmallamountofmoney

wineandbeer.(3)上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。(议论文写作)Lastweekwehadaheateddebateabout____________________________

.withforwhethercitizenscanaccesstheScienceMuseumfreeofcharge/forfree(4)张着血盆大口，这只凶猛的饿狼突然跳起来，冲向我，就快要一口把我吃掉。(读后续写之动作链描写)Openingitsbloodymouth，thefiercehungrywolfsprangtoitsfeetsuddenly，

andwasabouttoeatmeupinonegulp.(5)我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)Iwill

designedtointroducetraditionalChineseculturestoforeigners.chargedatmebeinchargeof/takechargeofathemeclassmeeting•

theamountof...……的数量“大量/少量的”表达：alarge/smallamountof＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)large/smallamountsof＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)•

amountto共计，总计；等于，相当于n.金额；数量

v.总计，共计；相当于，等于3amount(1)Yesterdaylargeamountsofhoneyandbutter

(be)usedtomakethiskindofsnack.(2)Alargeamountofmoney

(be)spentontheconstructionoftheschoollastyear.(3)青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨，这逐渐损害了他们的健康。

，whichgraduallyruinstheirhealth.werewasTheamountofjunkfoodteenagerseatgoesupyearbyyear(4)为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。(应用文写作之建议信)Inordertokeephealthy，________________________________________

.(5)暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。(2021·6月浙江，读后续写)ThemoneyIearnedduringthesummerholiday

，whichcouldhelpsupportmyfamily.aproperamountofregularexerciseisquitenecessaryamountedto300dollars•

anapproachto(doing)sth.(做某事的)方法/途径；接近，靠近attheapproachof在快到……的时候•

beapproaching正在/将要接近with...approaching在……快到的时候approachsth./sb.接近某物/某人n.接近；方法；途径

vt.接近；接洽；着手处理

vi.靠近4approach(1)WiththeSpringFestival

(approach)，webecamemoreandmoreexcited.(2)我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他总是为我们提供不同的解决困难的方法。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)ThepersonIrespectmostismyheadteacherwho____________________

.(3)随着汽车靠近Brunswick，Vingo浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。(读后续写之心理描写)(with的复合结构)

，Vingoshookallover，feelinglikesittingonpinsandneedles.approachingalwaysoffersusdifferentapproachestohandlingourdifficultiesWiththebusapproachingBrunswick(4)简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。(读后续写之动作链描写)Janegottoherfeetshakily，

andthrewherselfintohisarms，sobbinguncontrollablyonhisshoulders.approachedherhusband•

beeagertodosth.渴望做某事beeagerforsth.渴望得到某物•

witheagerness热切地；急切地hideone’seagerness掩饰某人的渴望adj.渴望的；热切的(eagerlyadv.热心地；急切地eagernessn.热切；渴望)5eager(1)Ilookedatthepoetstraightintheeyesandwantedtoknowthetruthwith

(eager).eagerness(2)Assoonaswecametothenewcity，wefoundourselveseager_______(have)atasteoflocalsnacks.(3)Theyoungmanwaseager

agoodpositioninthatcompanyafterhegraduated.(4)当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。(读后续写之心理描写)Whenaskedwhetherhewantedagiftforhisbirthday，___________

.tohavefortheboycouldn’thidehiseagernessbreakup打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂breakdown垮掉；分解；出故障breakinto破门而入breakin破门而入；打断；插话breakout(战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱6breakaway(fromsb./sth.)用break短语的适当形式填空(1)Mydogsuddenly

me，chargedatthedoorandbegantobarkfiercely.(读后续写之动作链描写)(2)Fredhasgivenmenogoodreasonforbeingeagerto

ourmarriage.(3)FinallyI

，sheddingtearswithmyfacecovered.(读后续写之心理描写)(4)WhenIgothome，Ifoundmyhouse

andsomemoneystolen.(5)Hewascharginghismobilephonewhenthefire

.brokeawayfrombreakupbrokedownbrokenintobrokeoutasenseofbelonging归属感注意：belongto没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时要使用doing形式。属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分[belongvi.应在(某处)；适应，合得来belongingn.(U)归属；(pl.)所有物；财产]7belongto(1)Havingsoldmostofhis

(belong)，thepoetalmosthadnothingleftinthehouse.belongings(2)Thepub

(belong)tomeisbeingdecoratednow.(3)正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们我才有了归属感。Itisbecauseofmygenerousandkind-heartedclassmates_____________

.belongingthatIfeelasenseofbelonging•

aswellas常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，

通常不位于句首。作“也，还”解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数

与aswellas前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。•

用作介词时，aswellas相当于besides，inadditionto，意思为

“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。同(一样也)；和；还8aswellas(1)Yourwifeaswellasyou

(be)friendlyandgenerous，forwhichIamverygrateful.(2)Aswellas

(eat)afive-coursemeal，theydranksevenbottlesofwine.(3)我们的班主任和五名学生代表被邀请在昨天的成人礼上发表演讲。(2020·天津，书面表达)_______________________________________________________________

atyesterday’scoming-of-ageceremony.iseatingOurheadteacheraswellasfivestudentrepresentativeswasinvitedtodeliveraspeechThepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。9with的复合结构with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语，主要包括：•

with＋宾语＋todo(表示将来的动作)•

with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)•

with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)•

with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.(1)Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarmsandtearsofshameandembarrassmentwelledupinhiseyes.(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)→Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，______________________

.(用with的复合结构改写)→Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，__________________

.(用独立主格结构改写)withtearsofshameandembarrassmentwellingupinhiseyestearsofshameandembarrassmentwellingupinhiseyes(2)随着时间的推移，我能够分辨善恶了。

，Icandistinguishbetweengoodandevil.(3)有如此多的工作要做，我焦虑不堪，难以入眠。

，IwassoanxiousthatIhadtroublesleeping.(4)完成了所有的准备工作，他高兴地跳了起来，眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)

，hejumpedwithjoy，hiseyesglitteringwithexcitement.WithtimegoingbyWithsomuchworktodoWithallthepreparationsmadeifany(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if(thereis/are)any...。ifnot如果不是这样的话ifso如果是这样的话ifever如果曾有的话ifnecessary如果有必要的话ifpossible如果可能的话Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany？如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？10if的省略结构(1)如果有人要来的话，请让我知道有多少，我好做准备。Pleaseletmeknowhowmanypeoplearecoming，

，sothatIcanmakepreparations.(2)如果是这样的话，就没有什么可遗憾的了。

，thereisnothingtoregret.(3)如果可能的话，请提前告诉我你所需要的东西。

，pleasetellmewhatyouneedinadvance.ifanyIfsoIfpossible(4)Ifitisnecessary，ourschoolwillprovidethestudentswiththelanguagetrainingcourses.→

，ourschoolwillprovidethestudentswiththelanguagetrainingcourses.Ifnecessary基础达标巩固落实提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1.chargeA.掌管B.控告C.收费D.充电E.进攻(1)Theyoungmanwaschargedwithabusingdrugs.__

(2)Myfathertookchargeofthecompanyfiveyearsago.__

(3)Haveyougotyourphonecharged？Itwaspoweredoffjustnow.__

(4)Luckily，thewolfdidn’tchargeagainafterIusedwolfspray.__

(5)Theoldmanchargedme10dollarsforabottleofhoney.__

BDAEC2.approachA.vt.&vi.靠近；临近B.vt.与……商量

C.vt.处理D.n.方法；途径(1)Thestudentsapproachtheirteacherforadvice.___

(2)Shedecidedtoadoptadifferentapproachtotheproblem.__

(3)Asthesummerbreakisapproaching，Iwillbefreeforalmostthreemonths.__

(4)What’sthebestwaytoapproachthisproblem？

__

BDAC3.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加颜色词汇的汉语意思(1)IamwritingtoapplyforthepositionofChiefEditor.____(2)Afterreadingthebook，youmustputitwhereitbelongs._________职位应在(某处)1.Aprovinceattemptedtobreak

fromthecountry，whichaccountedforwhythepresidentwasupset.2.Theidentitycarddoesn’tbelong

me，thoughthepicturelooksparticularlysimilartome.3.Aswellas

(tell)interestingstories，theauthorgavesometipstoprotectourprivacy.4.

(surround)byfamiliarcolleagues，hefeltastrongsenseofbelonging.Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识awaytotellingSurrounded5.Charged

copyingotherpoets’poems，thepoetwasfined.6.Theonlyapproachto

(solve)theproblemisdiscussingitattheconference.7.Iameager

(keep)myselfupdatedwiththelatestnewsbysurfingtheInternet.8.Thesupermarketwascrowded

peoplewhowantedtobuygoodsatadiscount.withsolvingtokeepwith9.It

(announce)thattheblogpostedbythetrollcontainsmuchfalseinformation.10.Seeingthepoetmadethegirlexcited.Shestillrememberedtheguidelines

(give)byhim.isannouncedgiven返回0533.0写作能力提升(参考词汇：新冠COVID-19；感染affect；传染的infectious；抗击battleagainst)话题写作——武汉抗击新冠疫情1.在2020年初，武汉的医生们对他们的发现感到震惊——很多人感染了一种传染性疾病。(what引导宾语从句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练Atthebeginningof2020，doctorsinWuhanwereshockedatwhattheyfound—manypeoplewereaffectedwithaninfectiousdisease.2.当得知武汉需要援助时，许多医护人员热切地冒着生命危险前往武汉。(beeagertodo)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.他们夜以继日地工作，采用了各种救助感染新冠的病人的方法。(approach；过去分词短语作后置定语)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________WhenknowingWuhanwasinneedofhelp，manymedicalworkerswereeagertogotoWuhanattheriskoftheirlives.Theyworkeddayandnight，adoptingvariousapproachestosavingthepatientsinfectedwithCOVID-19.4.由于采取了许多有效措施，武汉重新开始了呼吸。(with的复合结构)__________________________