考研考博-英语-广西幼儿师范高等专科学校押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西幼儿师范高等专科学校押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationshadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking*'intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous(一妻多夫制)societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe“unusualtraitsorsituations”referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor’sknowledgeofTibetisprobably

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

问题1选项

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth.

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题2选项

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas

问题3选项

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

问题4选项

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures.

B.someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

问题5选项

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘第一句中提到的“不寻常的特征或情况”是什么？’根据第三段第一句“..thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.青藏高原地带是干燥的大陆性气候，动物和植被与同纬度的相似，但是与更北的地区有些不同，那里更干燥。”可以推知A项动植物生长模式‘’符合其特征。根据第三段倒数第二句“Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.这种植物的品种也同样有限，一些观察人士发现，即使是相对肥沃的东部藏谷，也不超过70种植物。只有不到10种粮食作物。藏文“茶”是主要的主食，也许可以取代不可缺少的蔬菜。”可知B项‘高原藏人的食物和食物制作模式’符合。根据第四段中“Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.这些困难肯定对当地后来不同寻常的一妻多夫制的出现产生了影响”可知，可知C选项‘典型的藏族社会家庭组织’符合。所以ABC选项都谈及到了这种不寻常的特征，所以D选项正确。

2.主旨大意题。题目提问‘这篇文章的目的是什么？’文章第一段最后一句‘Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.一个地区的生态只造成该地区居民所面临的一些问题，而一种文化所面临的问题虽然对其发展很重要，但并不能决定它的发展。’指出生态会影响但不决定人文风气。最后一段尾句“Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.总而言之，尽管可以提出论点说，由于土地的严酷条件，已经存在的一妻多夫制得到了加强和保护(就目前而言)，但在这种情况下，把任何性质更强的原因因素都归罪于生态影响，那肯定是言过其实了。”谈及当地一妻多夫制的社会组织结构可能受到生态该环境的影响。因此，可推知A选项“分析青藏地区生态和社会之间的可能因果联系”正确。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者对西藏的了解可能是什么？’本文并未谈及作者自己的经历和研究，而是分别引述了Montesquieu’sview和Armand的描述，以及Lattimore和Kawakita的观点，因此，作者对青藏高原的了解是C选项‘源于书本’。

推理判断题。题目提问‘根据文章，下列哪项最可能是Montesquieu同意的？’文章第一段介绍了青藏高原的地理特征和文化，然后提出“HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.然而，不打算采用孟德斯鸠关于气候和土壤的观点作为文化决定因素。”因此，可以推知‘孟德斯鸠是环境决定论支持者，即外部环境决定人文风气’，C选项“在共享土地和气候的同一个地方，文化基本上是相同的”符合他的观点。

4.细节事实题。题目提问‘更新世冰蚀以后，仍然存在于西藏的动植物群可以成为大陆性的动植物群，是因为什么？’根据第三段中“Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰川期结束后，原始大陆物种中仅存少数种类的生物。”所以，它们被称为大陆性动植物群是因为A选项‘它们原来是在大陆性气候中被发现的’。

2.单选题

Thegoodnewsisthatcreativitytrainingthatalignswiththenewscienceworkssurprisinglywell.TheUniversityofOklahoma,theUniversityofGeorgia,andTaiwan’sNationalChengchiUniversityeachindependentlyconductedalarge-scaleanalysisofsuchprograms.Allthreeteamsofscholarsconcludedthatcreativitytrainingcanhaveastrongeffect.“Creativitycanbetaught.”saysJamesC.Kaufman,professoratCaliforniaStateUniversity,SanBernardino.

What’scommonaboutsuccessfulprogramsistheyalternatemaximumdivergentthinkingwithboutsofintenseconvergentthinking,throughseveralstages.Realimprovementdoesn’thappeninaweekendworkshop.Butwhenappliedtotheeverydayprocessofworkorschool,brainfunctionimproves.

SowhatdoesthismeanforAmerica’sstandards-obsessedschools?Thekeyisinhowkidsworkthroughthevastcatalogofinformation.ConsidertheNationalInventorsHallofFameSchool,anewpublicmiddleschoolinAkron,Ohio.MindfulofOhio’scurriculumrequirements,theschool’steacherscameupwithaprojectforthefifthgraders:figureouthowtoreducethenoiseinthelibrary.Itswindowsfacedapublicspaceand,evenwhenclosed,letthroughtoomuchnoise.Thestudentshadfourweekstodesignproposals.

Workinginsmallteams,thefifthgradersfirstengagedinwhatcreativitytheoristDonaldTreffingerdescribesasfact-finding.Howdoessoundtravelthroughmaterials?Whatmaterialsreducenoisethemost?Then,problemfinding—anticipatingallpotentialpitfallssotheirdesignsaremorelikelytowork.Next,idea-findinggenerateasmanyideasaspossible.Drapes,plants,orlargekiteshungfromtheceilingwouldallbafflesound.Or,insteadofreducingthesound,maybemaskitbyplayingthesoundofgentlewaterfall?Aproposalfordouble-panedglassevolvedintoanideatofillthespacebetweenpaneswithwater.Next,solution-finding:whichideaswerethemosteffective,cheapest,andaestheticallypleasing?Fiberglassabsorbedsoundthebestbutwouldn’tbesafe.Wouldanaquariumwithfishbeeasierthanwater-filledpanes?

Thenteamsdevelopedaplanofaction.Theybuiltscalemodelsandchosefabricsamples.Theyrealizedthey’dneedtopersuadeajanitortocarefortheplantsandfishduringvacation.Teamspersuadedotherstosupportthem—sometimessowell,teamsdecidedtocombineprojects.Finally,theypresenteddesignstoteachers,parents,andJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone.

51.Thegoodnewsaboutthethreeteams’conclusionisthat______.

52.Accordingtothepassagetheimprovementofdivergentandconvergentthinkingtakeplace______.

53.ThesubjectsoftheprojectinanAmerica’sstandards-obsessedschoolare______.

54.Accordingtotheauthor,theteamsintheschoolprojecthavegonethroughthefollowingstepsexcept______.

55.WhatwasindicatedfromthetactthattheteamspresenteddesignstoJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone?

问题1选项

A.large-scaleanalysishasbeenconducted

B.threeuniversitiesallreachedtheirconclusions

C.creativetrainingcoincidewithnewscienceworks

D.creativetrainingcanbestronglyaffected

问题2选项

A.indifferentstages

B.duringexperiment

C.onweekendworkshop

D.inroutineworkorschool

问题3选项

A.thefifthgraders

B.thescientists

C.thewindows

D.theproposals

问题4选项

A.findingfacts

B.findingplans

C.findingideas

D.findingsolutions

问题5选项

A.Theteamsneedtomakeaconsultation.

B.Theteamswouldliketopersuadehim.

C.Thedesignsoftheteamsreachedahighlevel.

D.Thedesignsoftheteamsgothissupport.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】51.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“关于这三个团队的结论，好消息是什么？”。从第一段Thegoodnewsisthatcreativitytrainingthatalignswiththenewscienceworkssurprisinglywell.（好消息是与技术学结盟的创造性训练效果出乎意料的好）和后面三个研究团队得出的结论Creativitycanbetaught.（创造力可以被教授），可以得出关于这三个团队的结论的好消息是创造性训练与新的科技相吻合；A选项“进行了大规模分析”和B选项“三个团队都得出了结论”不是关于结论的好消息，D选项“创造力能够被强烈的影响”不够具体，因此C选项正确。

52.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“分散和聚合思维发生在哪里？”。第二段提到Realimprovementdoesn’thappeninaweekendworkshop.Butwhenappliedtotheeverydayprocessofworkorschool,brainfunctionimproves.（真正的进步不会发生在周末的研讨会上。但如果应用到日常工作或学习过程中，大脑功能就会得到提高）；由此推断分散和聚合思维发生在日常工作和学习中，A项“不同阶段”没有提到；B项“实验中”包括在学校工作里面；C项“周末研讨会”错误。因此D项正确。

53.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干的意思是“课题的主题是什么？”。第三段提到theschool’steacherscameupwithaprojectforthefifthgraders:figureouthowtoreducethenoiseinthelibrary.Itswindowsfacedapublicspaceand,evenwhenclosed,letthroughtoomuchnoise.Thestudentshadfourweekstodesignproposals.（学校的老师们给五年级的学生们提出了一个课题：如何减少图书馆的噪音。它的窗户面向公共空间，即使关上了仍然有很大的噪音。学生们有四周的时间来设计方案）；由此可知课题是就如何减少图书馆的噪音做方案。A项是“五年级”，B项是“科学家”，C项是“窗户”，D项是“方案”；因此D项正确。

54.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“根据作者，在这个项目中，五年级学生团队做以下几个步骤除了……以外？”。第四段讲述的都是五年级团队为这个项目所做的一些行动，文中提到了fact-finding,problem-finding,idea-finding和solution-finding，由此可知只有B项“发现计划”没有提到，所以此题选B选项。

55.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“小组把设计方案提交给JimWest暗示了什么？”。最后一段指出Teamspersuadedotherstosupportthem—sometimessowell,teamsdecidedtocombineprojects.Finally,theypresenteddesignstoteachers,parents,andJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone.（团队说服了其他团队支持他们，有时候情况好到各团队决定把设计方案结合在一起；最后，他们向老师、家长和电子麦克风的发明者吉姆•韦斯特（JimWest）展示了设计方案），可以推测，他们是想要咨询老师，父母和JimWest的意见，B项“团队说服了Jim”、C项“设计方案达到了更高的级别”和D项“团队得到了Jim的支持”均未提到。因此此题选A选项。

3.单选题

Ispentmostofmymoneyinthefirstweekand（）hadverylittletoeatduringthelastfewdaysoftheholiday.

问题1选项

A.afterall

B.consequently

C.otherwise

D.anyhow

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。afterall“毕竟”；consequently“因此，结果”；otherwise“否则，不然”；anyhow“无论如何，总之”。句意：我第一周就花掉了大部分的钱，因此在假期的最后几天只能吃一点点东西。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousweaponsinthestruggleforsurvivalintheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfulteethnorthe（1）clawsofthebigcats.Theycouldnot（2）withthebear,whosestrength,speedandclaws（3）animpressive“small-fire”weaponry.Theycouldnotevendefendthemselves（4）runningswiftlylikehorse,zebrasorsmallanimals.Iftheape-menhadattemptedtocompeteonthosetermsintheopen,theywouldhavebeen（5）tofailureandextinction.Buttheywere（6）withenormousconcealedadvantagesofakindnot（7）byanyoftheircompetitors.

Inthesearch（8）thepickingsoftheforest,theape-manhad（9）efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolor（10）theanimalsofthegrasslandsdidnotpossess.Theabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserange（11）theape-mentostudypracticalproblemsinawaythatlayfar（12）hereachoftheoriginalinhabitantsofthegrassland.Goodlongdistancesightwas（13）anothermatter.Lackoflong-distancevisionhadnotbeenaproblemforforest-dwellingapesandmonkeysbecausethehighertheviewpoint,thegreatertherangeofsight,so（14）theyhadhadtodowasclimbatree.Outintheopen,however,thissimplesolutionwasnot（15）.Climbingahillwouldhavehelped,butinmanyplacesthegroundwasflat.Theape-men（16）theonlypossiblesolution.Theyrearedupashighas（17）ontheirhindlimbsandbegantowalkupright.Thisvitalchangeofphysicalpositionbroughtaboutconsiderabledisadvantages.Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-manbecameslowerstill.（18）theyperseveredandtheirbonestructuregraduallybecame（19）tothenew,unstablepositionthat（20）themthenameHomoerectus,uprightman.

问题1选项

A.big

B.weak

C.strong

D.small

问题2选项

A.match

B.compare

C.rival

D.equal

问题3选项

A.became

B.equipped

C.posed

D.provided

问题4选项

A.in

B.upon

C.by

D.with

问题5选项

A.driven

B.doomed

C.forced

D.led

问题6选项

A.bestowed

B.given

C.presented

D.endowed

问题7选项

A.managed

B.possessed

C.posed

D.opposed

问题8选项

A.for

B.of

C.on

D.at

问题9选项

A.progressed

B.generated

C.developed

D.advanced

问题10选项

A.which

B.as

C.what

D.that

问题11选项

A.urged

B.permitted

C.banned

D.caused

问题12选项

A.from

B.apart

C.beyond

D.above

问题13选项

A.rather

B.quite

C.much

D.really

问题14选项

A.anything

B.that

C.everything

D.all

问题15选项

A.available

B.enough

C.sufficient

D.convenient

问题16选项

A.chose

B.adopted

C.accepted

D.took

问题17选项

A.valuable

B.acceptable

C.possible

D.able

问题18选项

A.However

B.Therefore

C.Meanwhile

D.Subsequently

问题19选项

A.suited

B.familiarized

C.adapted

D.accustomed

问题20选项

A.obtained

B.called

C.deserved

D.earned

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:D

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:D

【解析】（1）考查前后逻辑。neither…nor…“既不······也不······”，两个词接后面接类似的词，neither后面接的是powerful，所以nor后面应该接四个选项里的strong。选项C符合题意。

（2）考查动词词义辨析。match“使匹配，使相称”；compare“比较”；rival“与······竞争”；equal“等于，比得上”。空格处所在句子的句意是：他们比不上狗熊，狗熊的力量、速度和爪子都能够提供很好的武器。选项A符合题意。

（3）考查动词词义辨析。become“成为”；equip“装备；配备”；pose“摆姿势”；provide“提供”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第32题，选项D符合题意。

（4）考查介词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：他们甚至不能像马和斑马那样通过奔跑来保护自己。by“通过”，符合题意。

（5）考查动词词组辨析。bedrivento“沉浸于”；bedoomedtosth.“注定”；beforcedto“被迫”；leadto“导致”。空格处所在句子的句意是：如果一个类人猿试图在野外与其他动物搏斗，他们注定失败并且灭绝。选项B符合题意。

（6）考查动词词义辨析。bestow“赠给”，常与on或upon搭配；give“给”，常与to搭配；present“赠予”，常与with搭配；endow“天生具有，赋予”，一般用被动式与with搭配。空格处所在句子的句意是：他们天生拥有其他任何竞争对手所不具有的某种巨大的隐蔽的优势。选项D符合题意。

（7）考查动词词义辨析。manage“成功做”；possess“占有”；pose“摆姿势”；oppose“反对”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第36题。选项B符合题意。

（8）考查固定搭配。inthesearchof是固定搭配，“在寻找······的过程中”。选项B符合题意。

（9）考查动词词义辨析。generate“生成，产生”；progress“进展，进步”；develop“形成，获得”；advance“前进，发展”。空格处所在句子的大意是在生存竞争中类人猿逐步形成了有效的、草地动物不具有的立体视觉和颜色辨色能力。选项C符合题意。

（10）考查定语从句。先行词是efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolor，先行词有两个，所以只能用that。选项D符合题意。

（11）考查动词词义辨析。urge“催促”；permit“允许”；ban“禁止”；cause“引起”。空格处前面theabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserange“能够近距离看到目标的能力”这个能力为它们研究实际问题提供条件，即“允许”它们去研究实际问题。选项B符合题意。

（12）考查固定搭配。beyondthereachof“在······范围之外”。选项C符合题意。

（13）考查副词词义辨析。quite是程度副词，可以用在限定词another前面，而另外三个副词则不可以。选项B符合题意。

（14）考查从句引导词。本句是由so引导的一个从句，句子缺少一个引导词，该引导词充当theyhadtodo的宾语，all符合题意。

（15）考查形容词词义辨析。available“可得到的；可用的”；enough“足够的”；sufficient“充足的”；convenient意为“方便的”。空格处句子所在的句意是：然而，在空旷的野外，这种方法是行不通的。选项A符合题意。

（16）考查动词词义辨析。choose“选择，挑选”；adopt“采用；采纳”；accept“接受”；take“实施；采取”。空格处所在句子的句意是：类人猿采用了唯一可行的方法。选项B符合题意。

（17）考查形容词词义辨析。valuable“有价值的”；acceptable“可接受的，合意的”；possible“可能的”；able“能够的”。空格处所在句子的句意是：它们的后肢尽可能高地抬起，开始直立行走。选项C符合题意。

（18）考查前后逻辑。however“然而”；therefore“因此”；meanwhile“同时”；subsequently“随后”。空格处所在句子与前面的句子提到直立行走使得类人猿站不稳，并且跟其他动物相比本来速度就慢了，现在变得更慢了（Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-manbecameslowerstill）。空格处后面提到类人猿继续坚持并且使得骨头结构开始逐渐变化，可以看出前后存在转折关系，所以however符合题意。

（19）考查形容词词义辨析。besuitedtosth.“适合······的”；beaccustomedto“习惯于”；befamiliarizedwith“与······相熟”；adapttosth.“适应”。空格处所在句子的句意是：它们的骨骼渐渐适应了这种新的行走方式。选项C符合题意。

（20）考查动词词义辨析。obtain“获得”；call“叫”；deserve“值得”；earn“赚得，赢得”。空格处所在句子提到由于类人猿的骨骼逐渐适应了直立行走，因此赢得了“直立人”的称号。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Withaneighty-hourweekandlittleenjoyment,lifemusthavebeenvery____forthenineteenth-centuryfactoryworkers.

问题1选项

A.hostile

B.anxious

C.tedious

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项hostile“敌对的；怀有敌意的”；B选项anxious“焦虑的；急切的”；C选项tedious“沉闷的，无聊的”；D选项obscure“模糊的，不清楚的”。句意：对于19世纪工厂的工人来说，每周工作80个小时，没有什么乐趣，这种生活一定很____。从没有littleenjoyment“没什么乐趣”可以看出，这种生活很无聊，C选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

6.单选题

ThehospitaldeniesthereisanyconnectionbetweenthedisciplinaryactionandDr.Reid's()abouthealthproblems.

问题1选项

A.allegiance

B.alliance

C.allegations

D.alliteration

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。allegiance“效忠；忠贞”；alliance“联盟”；allegations“主张”；alliteration“头韵”。句意：医院否认纪律处分和里德医生关于健康问题的主张有任何联系。因此C选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Her30-yearstudyoftheGombeNationalParkchimpanzeesisthelargestcontinuousfieldprojecteverrecorded.Ithasmadeher—andthechimpanzees—aliving______,earningherhonorarydegrees,doctoratesandwildlifeconservationawardsallovertheworld.

问题1选项

A.legend

B.specimen

C.maximum

D.document

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项legend“传奇”；B选项specimen“样本”；C选项maximum“最大限度”；D选项document“文件”。句意：她花了30年研究贡贝国家公园里的黑猩猩，是有记录以来规模最大的连续野外研究项目。这让她和黑猩猩们成为活生生的______，并获得了世界各地的荣誉学位、博士学位和野生动物保护奖。这个项目是有记录以来规模最大的连续野外研究项目，超出了人们的想象，A选项legend“传奇”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

8.不定项选择题

Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtleshavestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlingsdowntothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.

ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.

Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendinocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.

Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythreatofrisinglevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurswillmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness”(Line1,Para.2)?

3.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?

4.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?

问题1选项

A.governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles’extinction

B.humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive.

C.marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction

D.effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout

问题2选项

A.Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.

B.Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.

C.Theturtlepopulationhaddecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.

D.Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.

问题3选项

A.Theirlowerreproductivelyability.

B.Theirinadequatefoodsupply.

C.Contaminationofseawater

D.Unregulatedcommercialfishing.

问题4选项

A.Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.

B.Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.

C.Ittakesthemlongertoa