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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽长江职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

从全职工作过渡到完全休闲可能是我们一生中最大的转变之一。很多成功的退休者都提到他们从退休以后的各种活动中感觉到更大程度的自我价值感。他们不用再忍受严酷或有害健康的工作环境。他们不再需要把精力放在职位的升迁或财富的获取上。拥有毅力和幽默感,退休生活就可能成为你一生中最幸福的阶段之一。

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish

【答案】Itisoneofthebiggesttransitiontotransferfromthefull-timejobtototalleisureinourlives.Manysuccessfulretireessaythattheycanmakegreatsenseofself-worththroughvariousactivitiesforretirement.Theydon'tbearhardorharmfulworkingenvironmentsanymore.Andtheydon'tneedtodevotetheirenergytopromotionandwealthacquirement.Withperseveranceandhumor,retiredlifewillbecomeoneofthehappiestperiodsinyourlives.

2.单选题

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman().

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause().

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

问题1选项

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

问题2选项

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore

问题3选项

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.

问题4选项

A.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling

B.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic

C.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely

D.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

问题5选项

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。A:作者不习惯讨价还价。B:亚洲人买东西总是讲价。C:在老挝,讨价还价是安静而和平的。D:作家准备和那个女人讨价还价。第五段指出:Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia(我决定买一条那样的裙子,我开始和她讨价还价。在亚洲,讨价还价是一种习俗)。由此得知,B项和D项正确。第五段还指出:InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness(在老挝,讨价还价是以较低的声音,和一种轻松平静的方式进行的)。因此C项正确。只有A项在原文中找不到线索,故选A。

第2题:细节事实题。第六段指出:ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining(对于我能够说一些她们国家的语言她感到非常高兴,虽然我说的大部分都是一些数字,但是在她看来我是非常清楚这种轻松愉悦的讨价还价的方式的)。由此可知这位姑娘因作者能够说她们国家的语言和懂得相关的讨价还价的方式而感到高兴。后面接着写到:Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade(她感到非常开心,以至于让我感到意外的是,她竟然接受了我最后的出价)。因此C项“感到高兴,因为作者知道她们讨价还价的方法”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第六段指出:Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase(这个价格实在是太低了。她太慷慨了,几乎赚不到什么钱。担心她因为我买得多而再次降低价格,我迅速地再挑了两条裙子,付钱,然后离开)。故选C项“她想做点什么作为补偿”。

第4题:细节事实题。倒数第三段指出:Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy(我学会了抗拒困难,不知不觉中,我也学会了不被温柔轻松俘获)。由此可见,作者没哭是因为她已经学会让情绪不轻易受到影响,故选A项“她已经学会了保持冷静”。

第5题:细节事实题。最后一段指出:Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry...(对于她的这种慷慨精神毫无防御,这次我哭了……)。因此作者最后还是哭了是因为当她再次打开包装想看一下这些裙子时才发现这位老挝姑娘送了自己五条长长的丝带,因此C项“她没有控制住自己的情绪”正确。

3.单选题

Manypeopleare()toinsectbites,andsomeevenhavetogotohospital.

问题1选项

A.insensitive

B.allergic

C.infectious

D.alert

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项insensitive“感觉迟钝的”;B选项allergic“对……过敏的”;C选项infectious“传染的;传染性的”;D选项alert“警惕的;留心的”。句意:很多人对虫子叮咬过敏,且有些人甚至不得不去医院。结合此处句意,B选项正确。

4.单选题

Hisstrongsenseofhumorwas()makeeveryoneintheroomburstoutlaughing.

问题1选项

A.soasto

B.suchasto

C.sothat

D.suchthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项soasto“以便;以致”;B选项suchasto“到如此程度以致;像这个样子因而”;C选项sothat“以便;所以”;D选项suchthat“如此……以至于”。to后面不能直接加句子,排除A/B,sothat虽然可以是一个词组,但是在这个句子里,修饰的是“sense”,是个名词,应该用such。句意:他强烈的幽默感使房间里的每个人都捧腹大笑。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,()trafficdelays.

问题1选项

A.acknowledging

B.affording

C.allowingfor

D.accountingfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词和词组辨析。A选项acknowledging“承认”;B选项affording“买得起;给予,提供”;C选项allowingfor“考虑到,顾及”;D选项accountingfor“对……负有责任;对……做出解释”。由前半句“Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation”(我们要花20分钟才能到火车站)可知,是一个结果,所以该空处语义应该为考虑到交通耽搁的话,则会导致晚到火车站。句意:考虑到交通上的耽搁,我们到火车站要花20分钟。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Computershaveaidedinthestudyofhumanitiesforalmostaslongasthemachineshaveexisted.Decadesago,whenthetechnologyconsistedsolelyofmassive,number-crunchingmainframecomputers,thechiefliberalartsapplicationswereincompilingstatisticalindexesofworksofliterature.

Mainframecomputershelpedgreatlyinthehighlylaborioustask,whichdatesbacktotheRenaissance,ofcatalogingeachreferenceofaparticularwordinaparticularwork.Concordanceshelpscholarsscrutinizeimportanttextsforpatternsandmeaning.Otherhumanitiesapplicationsforcomputersinthisearlyeraoftechnologyincludedcompilingdictionaries,especiallyforforeignorantiquatedlanguages,andcataloginglibrarycollections.

Suchtypesofcomputerusageinthehumanitiesmayseemlimitedatfirst,buttheyhaveproducedsomeinterestingresultsinthelastfewyearsandpromisetocontinuetodoso.Ascomputeruseandaccesshavegrown,sohasthenumberofdigitizedtextsofclassicliteraryworks.

Thecomputer-basedstudyofliterarytextshasestablisheditsownnicheinacademia.DonaldFoster,anEnglishprofessoratVassarCollegeinPoughkeepsie,NewYork,isoneoftheleadersintextualscholarship.Inthelate1980sFostercreatedSHAXICON,adatabasethattracksallthe“rare”wordsusedbyEnglishplaywrightWilliamShakespeare.EachofthesewordsappearsinanyindividualShakespeareplaynomorethan12times.Thewordscanthenbecross-referencedwithsome2,000otherpoetictexts,allowingexperiencedresearcherstoexplorewhentheywerewritten,whowrotethem,howtheauthorwasinfluencedbytheworksofotherwriters,andhowthetextschangedustheywerereproducedoverthecenturies.

Inlate1995Foster’sworkattractedwidespreadnoticewhenheclaimedthatShakespearewastheanonymousauthorofanobscure578-linepoem,AFuneralElegy(1612).Althoughexpertshadmadesimilarclaimsforotherworksinthepast,Fostergainedthebackingofanumberofprominentscholarsbecauseofhiscomputer-baseapproach.IfFoster’sclaimholdsuptolong-termjudgment,thepoemwillbeoneofthefewadditionstotheShakespeareancanoninthelast100years.

Foster’sworkgainedfurtherpublicacclaimandvalidationwhenhewasaskedtohelpidentifytheanonymousauthorofthebest-sellingpoliticalnovelPrimaryColors(1996).Afterusinghiscomputerprogramtocomparethestylistictraitsofvariouswriterswiththoseinthenovel,FostertabbedjournalistJoeKleinastheauthor.Soonafter,Kleinadmittedthathewastheauthor.FosterwasalsoemployedasanexpertinthecaseofthenotoriousUnabomber,aterroristwhopublishedananonymousmanifestoinseveralmajornewspapersin1995.

1.Thispaperwillmainlydiscuss().

2.whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Fosteridentifiedtheauthorofananonymousmanifestoby().

4.Whichofthefollowingcanmostprobablybeinferredfromthepassage?

5.By"accesshavegrown"inparagraph3,theauthorprobablymeansthat().

问题1选项

A.advantageofcomputerusageinthestudyofhumanities

B.theapplicationofcomputerstocompilingstatisticindexesofliteraryworks

C.theapplicationofcomputerstocompilingdictionaries.

D.contributionsofcomputer-basedstudyofliterarytexts

问题2选项

A.AFuneralElegywasanauthenticworkfromShakespeare.

B.ComputerutilizationmadeForster'sclaimmoreconvincing.

C.Inthelast100years,additionalworksofShakespearehavebeenacceptedasauthentic.

D.Therearestillmanyworkswhoseauthorsareunknown.

问题3选项

A.studyingthewritingcharacteristicofthesuspects

B.cross-referringthemanifestowithotherterrorists

C.gainthesupportofwell-knownscholars

D.applyingcomputerstothestudyofitsstyles

问题4选项

A.Inthepast,mainframecomputerswereusedtohandlenumbers.

B.Computersusageinliberalartisnarrow.

C.Humanitiesapplicationsforcomputersmightproduceunexpectedresults.

D.Computersarebestindealingwithforeignorantiquatedlanguages.

问题5选项

A.morepeopleareabletologontoacomputersystem.

B.meansofapproachingacomputerssystemareexpanded.

C.technologyofcomputershavebeenupgraded.

D.areawherecomputerscanbeappliedhaveincreased

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.结合全文分析可以看出,第一段的第一句为本文的中心句。“Computershaveaidedinthestudyofhumanitiesforalmostaslongasthemachineshaveexisted.”所以选项D正确。

2.根据原文倒数第二段的内容可知,Foster声称莎士比亚是《葬礼晚歌》的匿名作者,因为他基于计算机的方法得到了知名学者的支持。本段的最后一句提到,如果Foster的主张经得起长时间的推敲判断,这首诗将是过去100年里莎士比亚经典中为数不多的几首增补作品之一。由此推断,选项A表述错误。

3.根据原文的后半部分可知Foster证实匿名作品的作者是通过应用计算机(比较不同作家的文体和风格)来研究其风格。选项D正确。

4.根据第二段的第一句“Mainframecomputershelpedgreatlyinthehighlylaborioustask.”可知选项A错误;根据第三段的第一句“Suchtypesof...continuetodoso.”可知,选项B错误;根据第二段的最后一句可知,选项D也不正确,所以本题选C。

5.access意为可接近的,可获得的。这里指计算机的普及,所以选项A正确。

7.单选题

Theearliesthistorieswerenot(1),butoralsongsandsagassuch

(2)

thebattleandadventure

(3)

told

(4)

thepoetHomerintheIliadandtheOdyssey.

Thewanderingbards

(5)

passedthesestories

(6)

generationtogenerationmadenoattempttosort

(7)

factfromfiction.Forthem,thegrandlegendsofgodsandsupernaturalheroeswere

(8)

realandimportant

(9)

actualevents.Todayweknowthatmanyoftheseancientsagas,

(10)

exaggerated,dohavearealbasisinfact.

ThestoryoftheTrojanwar,toldintheIliad,waslongthoughttobepure

(11)

;however,todaywecanvisittheruinsofTroyandwalkthroughthegateway,guarded

(12)

aruinedtower,throughwhichthe

(13)

soldiersmarchestomeettheforcesoftheinvadingGreeks.Whatis

(14)

,themanwhodiscoveredtheruinsofthecitymadeuseofnodocumentsorresearchmaterialsotherthanHomer’sdescriptionof

(15)

location.

Thefabulous“one-eyedgiant”whohurledrocksdown

(16)

Odysseus’sshipinOdysseyhasbeenidentifiedasthevolcanoofMountEtna,which

(17)

frequentlypouredoutrockydeath,andwhoseconecanglow

(18)

asingleeyeagainstthedarkofnight.Nearby,intheseaoffthecoastofSicily,

(19)

somehugeandjaggedrockswhichlookasifagiant

(20)

havehurledthemthere,justasOdysseushomecomingsailorsreported.

问题1选项

A.spoken

B.told

C.written

D.talked

问题2选项

A.as

B.at

C.in

D.on

问题3选项

A.tales

B.histories

C.comments

D.reports

问题4选项

A.by

B.because

C.at

D.over

问题5选项

A.whom

B.who

C.whose

D.which

问题6选项

A.from

B.for

C.because

D.in

问题7选项

A.to

B.for

C.from

D.out

问题8选项

A.as

B.at

C.for

D.because

问题9选项

A.like

B.than

C.as

D.but

问题10选项

A.as

B.although

C.since

D.rather

问题11选项

A.fiction

B.novel

C.article

D.anthology

问题12选项

A.by

B.over

C.on

D.for

问题13选项

A.Trojan

B.ancient

C.Roman

D.Italy

问题14选项

A.many

B.more

C.much

D.great

问题15选项

A.their

B.her

C.his

D.its

问题16选项

A.to

B.in

C.upon

D.its

问题17选项

A.have

B.has

C.had

D.having

问题18选项

A.like

B.similar

C.for

D.as

问题19选项

A.lies

B.lie

C.lay

D.laid

问题20选项

A.must

B.need

C.can

D.might

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:A

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:D

第16题:C

第17题:B

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】(1)逻辑关系题。空格后的but表示转折关系,所以空格所填写的词与空格后的oral是对应的,oral表示“口头的”,跟他相对的词是C选项的written“书面的,文字的”。

(2)固定搭配题。空格所在这一句是用诗人荷马在《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中讲述的战斗和冒险进行举例论述上一句话,suchas为固定搭配,表示“例如,比如”,A选项正确。

(3)名词词义辨析题。A选项tales“故事”;B选项histories“历史”;C选项comments“评论,注解”;D选项reports“报告,专题”,此处是对于空格前的‘songsandsagas歌和长篇故事’进行的举例,所以应该是同义词,A选项的“故事”符合句意,正确。

(4)介词词义辨析题。此处句意是‘…故事是通过诗人荷马讲述的’,表示被动,引出动作的承受着时用介词by,A选项正确。

(5)语法(定语从句)题。空格所在句是一个定语从句,修饰先行词Thewanderingbards,先行词是人,并且在句子中做主语,所以用引导词who,B选项正确。

(6)固定搭配题。此处要表达的意思是‘把这些故事从一代传到下一代’,from...to表示“从……到”,A选项正确。

(7)固定搭配题。空格所在句要表达的意思是‘吟游诗人们将故事一代一代往下传,从没有尝试过将事实从虚构中分离来,D选项的固定搭配sortout表示“分类,挑选出”,正确。

(8)固定搭配题。根据上一句的意思,吟游诗人从没有尝试过将事实从虚构中分离出来,而这一句是对前面一句的解释,句意是‘是因为对于他们来说,上帝和超自然英雄的伟大传奇都是与实际的事件一样真实与重要的’,而表示‘与…一样’,用as...as,A选项正确。

(9)固定搭配题。与28题的空格构成固定搭配as...as,C选项正确。

(10)逻辑关系题。空格所在这一句意思是‘我们知道很多的古代长篇故事是夸大了的,’下一句是‘实际上的确有现实依据的’,这两句在逻辑上是一种让步关系,B选项的although“尽管,虽然”可以表示让步关系,正确。

(11)形容词词义辨析题。空格所在句后有一个表示转折的关键词however,且下文中的“todaywecanvisittheruinsofTroyand...如今我们可以参观特洛伊的废墟”,由这两点我们可知空格表示的是‘特洛伊一直以來都被认为是纯粹虚构的’,A选项的fiction“虚构的”正确。

(12)固定搭配题。guarded的逻辑主语是ruinsofTroy,两者之间是被动关系,所以用A选项的介词by,表示“被……保卫、看守”。

(13)逻辑关系题。根据文学常识知道,特洛伊战争是特洛伊士兵与希腊入侵者进行的战争,所以这里是指特洛伊的士兵,A选项正确。

(14)固定搭配题。固定搭配Whatismore表示“而且,更重要的是”,根据下文意思,也可以确定这一句是用来表示证据的递进的,所以B选项正确。

(15)语法(物主代词)题。此处要表达的意思是“更重要的是,发现这座城市废墟的人除了荷马对…位置的描述外,没有使用任何文件或研究材料。”,所以要用物主代词its表示“它的”,D选项正确。

(16)介词词义辨析题。此处要表示的意思是‘“独眼巨人”将岩石猛投到了奥德修斯的船上,’C选项中的on表示“在……之上”,正确。

(17)语法(时态)题。空格所在句为which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词“thevolcanoofMountEtna”,根据空格后的频度副词frequently“频繁地,经常地”和主句部分的现在完成时态可知空格也是现在完成时,而且定语从句的主语为单数,所以B选项正确。

(18)介词词义辨析题。空格后的asingleeye表示“像一只眼睛一样”,是采用了比喻的修辞手法,A选项的like表示“像……一样”,可以用在比喻句中,正确。

(19)语法(时态)题。分析原文句子可知,此处是地点状语前置的倒装结构,地点在前,物体在后,表示“在西西里岛的海岸有很多岩石”,rocks是复数,所以动词用原形,B选项正确。

(20)语法(虚拟语气)题。空格前的asif“犹如,好像”可以确定本句是虚拟语气句子,所以用D选项食物助动词might。

8.单选题

Crimeisincreasingworldwide,andthereiseveryreasontobelievethe(

)willcontinueintothenextdecade.

问题1选项

A.emergency

B.trend

C.pace

D.schedule

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。emergency紧急情况,突发事件;trend趋势,走向;pace步伐,速度;schedule时间表,日程安排。

句意:全世界的犯罪活动一直在增加,我们有充分的理由相信这一趋势将持续到下一个十年。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

Notallpersonsarrestedand()withacrimeareguilty,andthemainfunctionofcriminalcourtsistodeterminewhoisguiltyunderthelaw.

问题1选项

A.sentenced

B.accused

C.persecuted

D.charged

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。bechargedwith意为被控告。句意:并非所有被逮捕和被指控犯罪的人都是有罪的,刑事法院的主要职能是根据法律确定谁有罪。sentenced宣判,判决;accused被告;persecuted迫害。所以本题选D。

10.单选题

Wealthypeoplesometimesfeela()tostealthingstheycaneasilyaffordtobuy.

问题1选项

A.priority

B.compulsion

C.privilege

D.repulsion

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。priority优先;compulsion冲动;privilege特权;repulsion排斥,厌恶。句意:富人有时会有一种冲动,想要偷一些他们很容易买得起的东西。选项B符合原文。

11.单选题

PsychologistsagreethatI.Q.contributesonlyabout20percentofthefactorsthatdeterminesuccess.Afull80percentcomesfromotherfactors,includingwhatIcallemotionalintelligence.Followingaretwoofthemajorqualitiesthatmakeupemotionalintelligence,andhowtheycanbedeveloped.

1.Self-awareness.Theabilitytorecognizeafeelingasithappensisthekeystoneofemotionalintelligence.Peoplewithgreatercertaintyabouttheiremotionsarebetterpilotsoftheirlives.

Developingself-awarenessrequirestuningintowhatneurologistAntonioDamasiocalls“gutfeeling”.Gutfeelingscanoccurwithoutapersonbeingconsciouslyawareofthem.Forexample,whenpeoplewhofearsnakesareshownapictureofasnake,sensorsontheirskinswilldetectsweat,asignofanxiety;eventhoughthepeoplesaytheydonotfeelfear.Thesweatshowsupevenwhenapictureispresentedsorapidlythatthesubjecthasnoconsciousawarenessofseeingit.

Throughdeliberateeffortwecanbecomemoreawareofourgutfeelings.Takesomeonewhoisannoyedbyarudeencounterforhoursafteritoccurred.Hemaybeunawareofhisirritabilityandsurprisedwhensomeonecallsattentiontoit.Butifheevaluateshisfeelings,hecanchangethem.

Emotionalself-awarenessisthebuildingblockofthenextfundamentalofemotionalintelligence:beingabletoshakeoffabadmood.

2.MoodManagement.Badaswellasgoodmoodsspicelifeandbuildcharacter.Thekeyisbalance.

Weoftenhavelittlecontroloverwhenwearesweptbyemotion.Butwecanhavesomesayinhowlongthatemotionwilllast.PsychologistDianneTiceaskedmorethan400menandwomenabouttheirstrategiesforescapingfoulmoods.Herresearch,alongwiththatofotherpsychologists,providesvaluableinformationonhowtochangeabadmood.

Ofallthemoodsthatpeoplewanttoescape,rageseemstobethehardesttodealwith.Whensomeoneinanothercarcutsyouoffonthehighway,yourreflexivethoughtmaybe:Thatjerk!Hecouldhavehitme!Ican’tlethimgetawaywiththat!Themoreyoustew,theangrieryouget.Suchisthestuffofhypertensionandrecklessdriving.

Whatshouldyoudotorelieverage?Onemythisthatventilatingwillmakeyoufeelbetter.Infact,researchershavefoundthat’soneoftheworststrategies.Amoreeffectivetechniqueis“reframing”,whichmeansconsciouslyreinterpretingasituationinamorepositivelight.Inthecaseofthedriverwhocutsyouoff,youmighttellyourself:Maybehehadsomeemergency.Thisisoneofthemostpotentways,Ticefound,toputangertorest.

Goingoffalonetocooldownisalsoaneffectivewaytorefuseanger,especiallyifyoucan’tthinkclearly.Ticefoundthatalargeproportionofmencooldownbygoingforadrive—afindingthatinspiredhertodivemoredefensively.Asaferalternativeisexercise,suchastakingalongwalk.Whateveryoudo,don’twastethetimepursuingyourtrainofangerthoughts.Youraimshouldbetodistractyourself.

Thetechniquesofreframinganddistractioncanalleviatedepressionandanxietyaswellasanger.Addtothemsuchrelaxationtechniquesasdeepbreathingandmeditationandyouhaveanarsenalofweaponsagainstbadmoods.

1.Whataregutfeeling?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofknowingone’sgutfeelingisthat().

3.Theword“spice”(Para.6)isclosetinmeaningto().

4.Onmoodcontrol,theauthorseemstosuggestthatwe().

5.Theessenceof“reframing”is().

问题1选项

A.Theyarefeelingoneisbornwith.

B.Theyarefeelingsonemaybeunawareof.

C.Theyarefeelingsoffearandanxiety.

D.Theyarefeelingsfeltbysensiblepeople.

问题2选项

A.onecandevelopthem

B.onecancallothers’attentiontothem

C.onemaygetridofthem

D.onemaycontrolthem

问题3选项

A.addinterestto

B.lengthen

C.makedull

D.bringintoexistence

问题4选项

A.cancontroltheoccurrenceofmood

B.areoftenunawareofwhatmoodwearein

C.candeterminethedurationofmood

D.lackstrategiesforcontrollingmoods

问题5选项

A.toforgettheunpleasantsituation

B.toadoptapositiveattitude

C.toprotectoneselfproperly

D.toavoidroadaccident

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“gutfeeling”可定位到原文第三段的内容“Gutfeelingscanoccurwithoutapersonbeingconsciouslyawareofthem.直觉可以在人们无意识的情况下产生。”由此可知,选项B符合原文。

第2题:2.判断推理题。根据原文第五段的内容“情感自我意识是下一个基本情商的基石:能够摆脱坏情绪”,也就是说,了解一个人的直觉最重要的是能够摆脱它们。所以选项C符合原文。

第3题:3.词义题。根据所给词定位到原文中的内容“Badaswellasgoodmoodsspicelifeandbuildcharacter.”这里的spice是做动词,并且和build的意思相接近。spice做动词,其本意是“加香料于……;使……增添趣味”,选项A与之意思最为相近,所以正确。

第4题:4.判断推理题。根据第七段的一二句“Weoftenhavelittlecontrolo

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