考研考博-英语-唐山师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-唐山师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis（诊断）andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.

Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（

）.

2.Muchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral

（

）.

3.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,

（

）.

4.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（

）.

问题1选项

A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersofjournalism

B.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing

C.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportanceinjournalisticinterviewing

D.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews

问题2选项

A.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened

B.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattention

C.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

D.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

问题3选项

A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit

B.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday

C.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit

D.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson

问题4选项

A.anewsarticle

B.aresearchreport

C.ajournalisticinterview

D.apreface

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由第一段“Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.正如我们所知，在新闻业和其他领域一样，我们可以从专业实践的系统研究中学到很多东西。这样的研究收集了一些证据，从中可以发展出广泛而普遍的原则。”可知第一段主要说明应该将重点放在专业实践的研究上。答案B

第2题:细节事实题。由第二段中“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.遗憾的是，关于采访的大量文献很少关注新闻采访”可知C项“新闻采访作为一个特殊的领域被忽视了”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由最后一段中“However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.然而，实际上很少有人已当面被大众媒体，特别是被电视采访”。可知D项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。由最后一句asthisbookindicates可知文章有可能是一本书的序言。答案D

2.单选题

OnlytheChinesehavesuccessfully（）pandasandraisedtheirbabiesincaptivity.

问题1选项

A.bred

B.expanded

C.exerted

D.availed

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。Bred繁殖，饲养；expanded扩张；exerted运用，发挥；availed有利，有用。句意：只有中国人成功地繁殖了熊猫，并在圈养环境下哺育熊猫幼崽。选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

Theyoungwomanwassobeautifulthatshe______everyotherwomanattheball.

问题1选项

A.belittled

B.foiled

C.offset

D.eclipsed

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.belittled贬低；小看B.foiled挫败；阻止

C.offset抵消；弥补D.eclipsed使失色；黯然失色

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据so…that可知，此处是结果状语从句，根据前半句句意“那位年轻女子是如此漂亮”可推知，she______everyotherwoman是指“她令其他女子黯然失色”，故该题选择D项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项都不符合句意。

【句意】那位年轻女子太漂亮了，使舞会上的其他妇女黯然失色。

4.单选题

ReformingtheSocialSecurityretirementprogramisanissueofenormouspracticalimportance.YetitremainsthemissingpieceinAmericanpolicyanalysis.AtatimewhentheCongressandtheAdministrationareconsideringwaystoreformwelfare,Medicare,Medicaid,andtheincometax,electedofficialsarestillunwillingtoconfronttheseriousproblemsofourSocialSecuritysystem.Eventually,however,itsdeterioratingfinancialconditionwillforcemajorreforms.Whetherthosereformsaregoodorbad,whethertheydealwiththebasiceconomicproblemsofthesystemormerelyprotectthesolvencyofexistinginstitutionalarrangementswilldependinpartonwhetherwe,aseconomists,providetheappropriateintellectualframeworkforanalyzingreformalternatives.

Majorpolicychangesthataffectthepublicatlargecanonlyhappeninourdemocracy,whenthereiswidespreadpublicsupportforthenewdirectionofpolicy.Inthefieldofeconomics,theviewsofthemedia,ofotherprivate-sectoropinionleaders,andofpoliticiansandtheiradvisers,dependverymuchontheirperceptionofwhateconomistsbelievefeasibleandcorrect.Fundamentalpolicyreformsinacomplexarealikesocialsecurityalsorequirethedevelopmentoftechnicalexpertise,bothinandoutofgovernment,abouttheoptionsforchangeandtheirlikelyconsequences.Fortunately,anexpandinggroupofeconomistsisnowthinkingandwritingaboutsocialsecurityreform.Myremarkstodaygreatlybenefitfromwhattheyhavewrittenandfrommyconversationswithmanyofthem.

IbegantodomyresearchontheeffectsofSocialSecurityreformnearly25yearsago(Feldstein,1974,1975).AcentralconceptinmyanalysisofSocialSecurityhasbeenthenotionof“SocialSecuritywealth”,whichIdefinedasthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefitstowhichthecurrentadultpopulationwillbeentitledatage65(orarealreadyentitledtoiftheyareolderthan65)minusthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxesthattheywillpaybeforereachingthatage.SocialSecuritywealthhasnowgrowntoabout$11trillionormorethan1.5timesGDP.Sincethisisequivalenttomorethan$50,000foreveryadultinthecountry,thevalueofSocialSecuritywealthsubstantiallyexceedsallotherassetsforthevastmajorityofAmericanhouseholds.Intheaggregate,SocialSecuritywealthexceedsthree-fourthsofallprivatefinancialwealth,asconventionallymeasured.

SocialSecuritywealthisofcoursenotrealwealthbutonlyaclaimoncurrentandfuturetaxpayers.Insteadoflabelingthiskeymagnitude“SocialSecuritywealth”,Icouldhavecalleditthenation’s“SocialSecurityliability”.Likeordinarygovernmentdebt,SocialSecuritywealthhasthepowertocrowdoutprivatecapitalaccumulation,andSocialSecuritywealthwillcontinuetogrowaslongasourcurrentsystemremainsunchangeddisplacinganeverlargerstockofcapital.

The$11trillionSocialSecurityliabilityisthreetimesaslargeastheofficialnationaldebt.AlthoughIcertainlywelcomethecurrentpoliticaleffortstoshrinkfuturebudgetdeficits,itisworthnotingthat,evenifthetraditionaldeficitiseliminatedintheyear2002,sothatthenationaldebtisthennolongerincreasing,thenationaldebtintheformoftheSocialSecurityliabilityislikelytoincreasethatyearbyabout$300billion.

Lookingfurtherintothefuture,theaggregateSocialSecurityliabilitywillgrowasthepopulationexpands,asitbecomesrelativelyolder,andasincomerises.Governmentactuariespredictthat,underexistinglaw,thetaxraterequiredtopayeachyear’sSocialSecuritybenefitwillriseoverthenext50yearsfromthepresentlevelofslightlylessthan12percenttomorethan18percent,andperhapstoasmuchas23percent.

1.Thedeteriorationfinancialconditionreferredtowascausedby____.

2.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theword“alternatives”refersto____.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,majorpolicychangescanonlyhappenin____.

4.Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.

5.ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.

6.Ratherthanwealth,thiskeymagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.

问题1选项

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

B.thereformofwelfareintheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

C.majorpolicychangesintheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

D.governmentdebtintheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

问题2选项

A.courses

B.thoughts

C.people

D.occasions

问题3选项

A.socialsecuritywealthintheUnitedStates

B.democraticcountries

C.acountrywhereandwhenopinionupholdschange

D.alloftheabove

问题4选项

A.areaquestionofpersonalstyle

B.representvitalnewinformation

C.identitytheauthor

D.refertoadifferentauthor

问题5选项

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65

B.doesnotapplytobenefitsafterage65

C.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65

D.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeago

问题6选项

A.ithasnowgrownto$11trillion

B.itisequivalenttomorethan$50,000foreveryadultinthecountry

C.itgrowssteadilythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapital

D.itisadebttobepaid

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:D

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Thedeteriorationfinancialconditionreferredtowascausedby____.文中提到的财务状况恶化是由____造成的。

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogramA.社会保障退休计划的糟糕的经济方法

B.thereformofwelfareintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramB.社会保障退休计划中的福利改革

C.majorpolicychangesintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramC.社会保障退休计划中的重大政策变化

D.governmentdebtintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramD.社会保障退休计划中的政府债务

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词deteriorationfinancialcondition定位到原文第1段第4句，该句提到“其日益恶化的财政状况（itsdeterioratingfinancialcondition）最终（Eventually）将迫使其进行重大改革（majorreforms）。”由此可知，后文介绍的应该是财政状况恶化的结果——改革，因此，导致财政状况恶化的原因应该去前文中找。前一句提到“当国会和政府正在考虑如何改革社会福利、医疗保险、医疗补助和所得税时，官员们仍然不愿意面对我们社会保障体系的严重问题。”由此可知，在讨论制定社会保障计划时，政府官员们的方法不当，不愿意处理社会保障体系中的严重问题，由此最终导致需要进行改革。A选项“制定社会保障退休计划的糟糕的经济方法”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“社会保障退休计划中的福利改革”，根据【解题思路】可知，“改革”是“财政状况恶化”的结果，而本题询问的是“财政状况恶化”的原因，该选项属于因果倒置；

C选项“社会保障退休计划中的重大政策变化”，“重大政策变化”可定位到原文第2段第1句，该句提到“只有当新的政策方向得到公众的广泛支持时，才能发生影响广大公众的重大政策变化”，与本题无关；

D选项“社会保障退休计划中的政府债务”，“政府债务”是原文第4-6段的内容，根据原文可知，与本题无关。

第2题:【选项释义】

Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theword“alternatives”refersto____.第一段的最后一句中“alternatives”指的是____。

A.coursesA.课程；路线

B.thoughtsB.想法；看法

C.peopleC.人民

D.occasionsD.重大场合

【答案】D

【考查点】词汇推理题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词thefirstparagraph和thelastsentence定位到原文最后一段最后一句，该句提到“这些改革是好是坏，是解决体系的基本经济问题，还是仅仅保护现有制度安排的偿付能力，将部分取决于我们，作为经济学家，是否提供适当的知识框架来分析____。”原词alternatives的本义为“可供替代的选择”，在这里应该指的是一些供选择的改革方案（reformalternatives）。D选项occasions可以指重大的社会事件或场合，reformoccasions指的是“改革”这件事，与原文的语义最接近。

【干扰项排除】A选项courses“课程；路线”、B选项thoughts“想法；看法”、C选项people“人民”完全不符合原文语义。

第3题:【选项释义】

Accordingtotheauthor,majorpolicychangescanonlyhappenin____.根据作者的观点，主要的政策变化只能发生在____。

A.socialsecuritywealthintheUnitedStatesA.美国的社会保障财富

B.democraticcountriesB.民主国家

C.acountrywhereandwhenopinionupholdschangeC.在一个舆论支持改变的国家

D.alloftheaboveD.以上所有

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词majorpolicychanges定位到原文第2段第一句，该句提到“在我们的民主体制中，只有在新的政策方向得到公众的广泛支持（publicsupport）时，影响广大公众的重大政策变化（Majorpolicychanges）才能发生（canonlyhappeninourdemocracy）。”由此可知，只有当一个国家的民众支持政策变革时，重大的政策变化才能发生，C选项“在一个舆论支持改变的国家”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“美国的社会保障财富”，虽然本文的话题是社会保障，但是原文并没有说作者认为美国的重大政策只能发生在社会保障的财富领域，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“民主国家”，如果选择了这个选项，应该是对原文inourdemocracy理解有误差，原文中，inourdemocracy应该是整个句子的状语，指在我们这个民主国家，重大的政策变化只能发生在什么时候，而不是说只能发生在我们这个民主国家，该选项属于曲解原文；

D选项“以上所有”，A、B选项都不满足，该项也不能选。

第4题:【选项释义】

Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.在第三段中，括号里的名字和日期____。

A.areaquestionofpersonalstyleA.是个人风格的问题

B.representvitalnewinformationB.代表重要的新信息

C.identitytheauthorC.标明作者的身份

D.refertoadifferentauthorD.指向一个不同的作者

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Inparagraphthree定位到原文第3段。本段第一句提到“近25年前，我开始研究社会保障改革的影响（费尔德斯坦，1974，1975）。”在论文中，通常会使用括号中标明作者和日期的格式，来提示这是该作者该时间的研究。原文中括号里的名字和日期是为了表明关于社会保障改革的影响的研究是费尔德斯坦在1974到1975年的著作。C选项“标明作者的身份”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“是个人风格的问题”，表述错误，这种做法是惯例；

B选项“代表重要的新信息”，表述错误，原文中作者已经点明这是他自己25年前的研究，所以不属于新信息；

D选项“指向一个不同的作者”，表述错误，是同一个作者。

第5题:【选项释义】

ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.社会保障财富的定义____。

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65A.适用于65岁之前可支付的福利

B.doesnotapplytobenefitsafterage65B.不适用于65岁之后的福利

C.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65C.包括65岁以前支付的精算现值

D.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeagoD.是25年前形成的

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词definitionofSocialSecuritywealth定位到原文第3段。本段第1句提到“差不多25年前（nearly25yearsago），我开始研究社会保障改革的影响。”该段第2句提到“在我对社会保障的分析中（inmyanalysisofSocialSecurity），一个中心概念是‘社会保障财富’，我把它定义为（whichIdefinedas）社会保障福利的精算现值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefits）（现在的成年人在65岁时将有权享受或65岁以上的老年人已经享受了）减去（minus）他们在达到那个年龄之前支付的社会保障税的精算现值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxes）。”由此可知，关于“社会保障财富”的概念是作者在他25年前的一份研究中定义的。D选项“是25年前形成的”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“适用于65岁之前可支付的福利”，由【解题思路】可知，根据定义，65岁之前交税，65岁及65岁以上才可能有资格享受福利，该选项表述错误，属于偷换概念；

B选项“不适用于65岁之后的福利”，表述错误，定义适用于65岁之后的福利，该选项属于曲解原文；

C选项“包括65岁以前支付的精算现值”，表述错误，由【解题思路】可知，“社会保障财富”的定义为“65岁及65岁以后享受到的福利的精算现值减去这些人65岁以前交的税的精算现值”，它是一个差额，而不是单独的某一个精算现值，该选项属于曲解原文。

第6题:【选项释义】

Ratherthanwealth,thiskeymagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.这个关键的量度可能被理解为负债而不是财富，因为____。

A.ithasnowgrownto$11trillionA.现在已经增长到11万亿美元了

B.itisequivalenttomorethan$50,000foreveryadultinthecountryB.对这个国家的每个成年人来说相当于5万多美元

C.itgrowssteadilythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapitalC.它通过私人资本的积累而稳步增长

D.itisadebttobepaidD.这是一笔需要偿还的债

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】本题询问的是为什么把它称之为“负债”而不是“财富”。根据题干关键词wealth、magnitude和liability定位到原文第4段第2句，该句提到“我本可以称其为国家的‘社会保障负债’，而不是将其称为‘社会保障财富’。”而作者说这句话的背景是，前一句提到“社会保障财富当然不是真正的财富（notrealwealth），而只是（butonly）对当前和未来纳税人的一种要求（aclaim）。”由此可知，之所以把它称之为“负债”是因为它需要纳税人交税，相当于一笔要偿还的债务，D选项“这是一笔需要偿还的债”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“现在已经增长到11万亿美元了”，表述正确，但与本题无关；

B选项“对这个国家的每个成年人来说相当于5万多美元”，表述正确，但与本题无关；

C选项“它通过私人资本的积累而稳步增长”，表述错误，原文第4段最后一句提到“社会保障财富有能力将私人资本积累挤出。”由此可知，它并不是通过私人资本积累而增长的。

5.单选题

1.Gettingtoolittlesleepforseveralnightsinarowdisruptshundredsofgenesthatareessentialforgoodhealth,includingthoselinkedtostressandfightingdisease.Testsonpeoplewhosleptlessthansixhoursanightforaweekrevealedsubstantialchangesintheactivityofgenesthatgoverntheimmunesystem,metabolism,sleepandwakecycles,andthebody’sresponsetostress,suggestingthatpoorsleepcouldhaveabroadimpactonlong¬termwellbeing.

2.Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,mayshedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.’’Thesurpriseforuswasthatarelativelymodestdifferenceinsleepdurationleadstothesekindsofchanges,"saidProfessorDijk,directoroftheSurreySleepResearchCentreatSurreyUniversity,wholedthestudy.“It’sanindicationthatsleepdisruptionorsleeprestrictionisdoingmorethanjustmakingpeopletired.”

3.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.InonesurveyofworkersinBritainmorethan5%claimedtosleepnomorethanfivehoursanight.AnothersurveypublishedintheUSin2010foundthatnearly30%ofpeopleclaimedtosleepnomorethansixhoursanight.

4.ProfessorDijk’steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years,toliveunderlaboratoryconditionsatthesleepcentrefor12days.Eachvolunteervisitedthecentreontwoseparateoccasions.Duringonevisit,theyspent10hoursanightinbedforaweek.Intheother,theywereallowedonlysixhoursinbedanight.Attheendofeachweek,theywerekeptawakeforadayandnight,oraround39to41hours.UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight,whilethoselimitedtosixhoursinbedeachnightgotonaverage5hoursand42minutesofsleep.

5.Thetimespentasleephadahugeeffectontheactivityofgenes,pickedupfrombloodtestsonthevolunteers,accordingtoareportintheUSjournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Amongthesleep-deprived,theactivityof444geneswassuppressed,while267genesweremoreactivethaninthosewhosleptforalongertime.

6.Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,whiledisruptionofothergenes,suchasthosethatgovernthebody’sinflammatoryresponse,mighthaveanimpactonheartdisease.Additionalgenesthatwereaffectedhavebeenlinkedtostressandaging.Sleeplossalsohadadramaticeffectongenesthatgovernthebody'sbiologicalclock,suggestingthatpoorsleepmighttriggeraviciouscycleofworseningsleepdisruption.Thetestsshowedthatpeoplewhosleptfor8.5hoursanighthadaround1,855geneswhoseactivityroseandfellovera24-hourcycle.Butinthesleep-deprived,nearly400ofthesestoppedcyclingcompletely.Theremainderroseandfellinkeepingwiththebiologicalclock,butoveramuchsmallerrange."Thereisafeedbacklinkbetweenwhatyoudotoyoursleepandhowthataffectsyourcircadianclock.Thatwillbeveryimportantinfutureinvestigations,”saidDijk.

7.Theresearchersdidnotcheckhowlongittookforgenestoreturntotheirnormallevelsofactivityinthesleep-deprivedvolunteers,buttheyhopetodosoinlaterstudies.Thoughscoresofgenesweredisruptedinthesleep-deprived,thescientistscannotsaywhetherthosechangesareaharmlessshorttermresponsetopoorsleep,asignofthebodyadaptingtosleep-deprivation,orarepotentiallyharmfultohealth.

8.JamesHome,professorofpsychophysiologyatLoughboroughUniversity’sSleepResearchCentre,said:"Thepotentialperilsof’sleepdebt’intoday'ssocietyandtheneedforeighthoursofsleepanightareoftenoverplayedandcancauseundueworry.Althoughthisimportantstudyseemstosupportthisconcern,theparticipantshadtheirsleepsuddenlyrestrictedtoanunusuallylowlevel,whichmusthavebeensomewhatstressfulWe

mustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep.Besides,sleepcanadapttosomechange,andshouldalsobejudgedonitsquality,notsimplyonitstotalamount.”

1.BasedonwhatisreportedintextA,Prof.Dijkseemstohavechosenthevolunteersforhissleepexperiments（

）.

2.TheresearchdescribedintextA（

）.

3.Theuseoftheverbtoclaiminparagraph3indicatesthattheresearchers（

）.

4.WhenthesleepresearcherswhoseworkisthefocusoftextAneededtofindouthowmuchsleeptheirhumanexperimentalsubjectsweregetting,they（

）.

5.AccordingtotextA,DrDijk'sresearchindicatesthatobesity（

）.

6.Prof.Home’sremarks(paragraph8)（

）.

问题1选项

A.primarilyfromamonguniversityundergraduateswithagreatdealoffreetime.

B.fromanagegroupinwhichphysicalgrowthhadendedandmajorundetectedhealthproblemswereunlikelytobepresent.

C.fromarandomassortmentofBritishpeople.

D.fromamongthepeoplemostlikelytosufferfrominterruptedsleeporothersleepingproblems.

问题2选项

A.usefullyconfirmstheworkofearlierresearchersbutofferslittlethatisnew.

B.offersbiologicalclarificationofresearchdoneearlier.

C.contradictstheresultsofearlierresearch.

D.ispioneeringworkofakindneverdonebefore.

问题3选项

A.aresurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

B.havenoreasonnottobelievethatthesleepdataarecorrect.

C.thinkthatthereislittlereasontoacceptthesleepdata.

D.cannotbeabsolutelysurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

问题4选项

A.usedtechnicalmeanstoworkouthowmuchthevolunteershadreallyslept.

B.watchedthesleepingvolunteersinthelabtoseehowlongtheyslept.

C.estimatedthefiguresbyaveragingsleepdataarrivedatbyvariousmeans.

D.reliedonstatementsmadebythevolunteersusedintheexperiments.

问题5选项

A.isthedirectresultofgettingtoolittlesleep.

B.maybethedirectresultofnotgettingenoughsleep.

C.mayresultfromorbeworsenedbyalterationsinthegenesofpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.

D.cannotbeshowntohaveanyreasonabledirectorindirectconnectionwithsleepingpatterns.

问题6选项

A.cautionreadersnottoconcludetoomuchfromProf.Dijk’sfindings

B.emphasizetheimportanceforallhumanbeingsofgetting8hoursofsleepnightly

C.warnthatdangerousstressistheinevitableresultofgettingtoolittlesleep

D.underlinetheimportanceandvalueofProf.Dijk'sresearch

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干意思“基于文章A中的陈述，教授Dijk为自己的睡眠实验选择的自愿者似乎…”定位至第四段“ProfessorDijk'steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years...教授Dijk的团队要求身体都健康且年龄介于23至31岁的14位男人和12位女人……”,由此可知知B项“来自身体发育已停止且不太可能有主要的未被发现的健康问题的年龄群体”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段中“Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,may

shedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.这些对超过700个基因有影响的变化可能让人明白睡觉过少的人患上如心脏病、糖尿病、肥胖、压力和抑郁等疾病风险增加的生物学机制。”及第三段中“Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.先前的研究显示，每晚睡眠少于5小时的人相比睡好觉的同龄人死于各种原因的风险增加了15%。”的对应关系知B项“为早些时候的研究提供了生物学上的阐明”正确。

3.词义题。claim本意指“要求；声称”及它在第三段的主语分别是“英国工人”和“在美国接受调研的人”,由此推测claim这个词的使用表明研究者对睡眠对声称的睡眠数据不能确定，由此知D项“不能完全确定这些睡眠数据是精确的”正确。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight，...(通过使用脑电图传感器，科学家发现每晚睡觉十个小时的人每晚大约睡觉8.5个小时。由此可知A项“用技术方式去算出志愿者们真正睡眠时间是多久”正确。

5.C细节事实题。第二段的第一句指出:这些对超过700个基因有影响的变化可能让人明白睡觉过少的人患上如心脏病、糖尿病、肥胖、压力和抑郁等疾病风险增加的生物学机制。第六段:Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,...控制新陈代谢的基因发生的变化可能会引发或加剧如糖尿病或肥胖等情况……,可知c项“可能被睡觉很少的人的基因变化引起或恶化”正确。

6.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第八段:Wemustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep(我们必须小心避免去推广这些发现，如不能将这些发现推广到习惯六小时睡眠而对自己睡眠满意人身上),可知A项“告诫读者不要从教授Dijk的发现上推断太多”正确。

6.单选题

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide—thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthat(1)doesexisttoday.MywifeandI