考研考博-英语-南京视觉艺术职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京视觉艺术职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

IhadvisitedthecapitalbeforealthoughmyfriendArthurhadnot,IfirstvisitedLondonasastudent,reluctantlyreleasedfromthebosomofatearfulmum,withatravelingtrunkstuffedfullofhome-madefruitcakesandwoollyvests.Iwasill-preparedfortheSpartanstandardsoftheSouth.Througheventhegrimmestpost-wardays,askidswehadploughedourwaythroughcornercutsofbeefandsteamedpuddings.SoyoucanimaginemydismaywhenIarrived,thatfirstday,atmyLondondigstobefacedwithaplateoftuna-pastesandwichesandathinsliceofcakeleftcurlingunderatea-towel.AndthatwassupposedtobeSundaylunch!

WhenIeventuallycaughtupwithmyextremelyirritatinglandlady,ImetwithavisionofsplendormoreinkeepingwiththeRoyalEnclosureattheracesthantheareainwhichshelived.Festoonedwithjewelsandfursandplasteredwithexclusivecosmetics,shewasawalkingadvertforBondStreet.

Now,wehaveanonetooelegantbutveryaptphraseforthisintheNorthofEngland,anditwastheonemyfriendArthurtodescribeLondonafterthreedaysthere:“Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath.”

Takeourhotel.Thereceptionareawasplushandinviting,theloungeanddining-roompoorenoughtostartArthurspeaking“properly”.Butjourneyupstairsfromonelandingtothenext,attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes.Bythetimewereachedourroom,allpretensiontorefinementandcomforthaddisappeared.Thefurcoatwasoff(backinthebandsofthehirepurchasecompany),andwhatwewerereallyexpectedtoputupwithforasmallfortuneanightwasexposedinallitsshamefulnakedness.Itwaslittlemorethanagarret,ashabbyaffairwithpatchedandpeelingwalls.TherewasastainedsinkwithpipesthatgrumbledandmutteredallnightlongandanassortmentoffurnishingsthatwouldhavedisgracedHerMajesty’sPrisonService.Butthecrowningglorywastheviewfromthewindow.Apeekbehindthehandsomefacadeofourfabledcity,rankgardenschokedwithrubbish,allthedebrisoflifepiledagainstthebackdoor.Itwasagoodjobthewindowdidn’topen,becausefromitallarosetheunmistakableodoroftheabyss.

Arthur,whosemumstillpolishesherbackstepanddisinfectsherdustbinonceaweek,slumpedontothebedinasuddenfitofdepression.“Nevermind,”Isaid,drawingthecurtains.“Youcanwatchtelly.”Thiswasoneofthehotel’sluxuries,whichinthenewspaperadhadpersuadedusweweregoingtospendtheweekinstyle.Itturnedouttobeayellowingplasticthingwithapicturewhichrolledoverandoverlikeaflounderingfishuntilyoutookyourfisttoit.ButArthurwasn’tgoingtobeconsoledbyanycheaptechnologicalgimmicks.

Hewassurehisdadhadforgottentofeedhispigeonsandthathisdogswerepiningawayforhim.Hegrewhorriblyhomesick.Afteraterriblenightspenttossingandturningtoaceaselesscacophonyofpipesandfiredoors,traffic,drunksandlow-flyingaircraft,Arthursurfacednextdaylikeaclaustrophobicmole.Londonhadgotsquarelyontopofhim.Sevenmillionpeoplehadsatonhimallnight,breathedhisair,generallyfouledhislivingspace,andcomebetweenhimandthatdailyquotaofprivacyandpeacewhichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners.

ArthurhadtobegotoutofLondonforawhile.

1.Whenthewriterfirstcametothecapital（）.

2.ThewriterwassurprisedatwhathereceivedforSundaylunchbecause（）.

3.ThelandladyseemedtoepitomizeaphraseusedintheNorthofEnglandtoindicatethatthingswere（）.

4.Theroomwhichthewriterandhisfriendweretoshare（）.

5.Thewriterfeelsthatinordertoremainsane,oneneedsacertainamountof（）.

问题1选项

A.hehadbeenveryreluctanttoleavehismother

B.hismotherhadnotwantedhimtoleavehome

C.hehadmadenopreparationsforhisjourneysouth

D.hehadsenthispossessionsonaheadinatrunk

问题2选项

A.foodhadalwaysbeenplentifulathome

B.hehadbeenusedtogrimmertimesathome

C.thingshadbeendifficultafterthewarupNorth

D.beefhadalwaysbeenavailablefromthebutcheronthecornerathome

问题3选项

A.tenderunderneaththesurface

B.vulnerabletotheoutsideworld

C.moreprofoundthantheyseemed

D.beautifulbutonlysuperficially

问题4选项

A.wasmoresuitedtohousingprisonersthanhotelguests

B.hadamagnificentviewfromoneofitswindows

C.hadadoorwhichprovidedaccesstoarubbishtip

D.wassituatedabovesomefoul-smellinggardens

问题5选项

A.physicalexercise

B.freshair

C.dailynourishment

D.breathingspace

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:文章第一段提到我第一次在伦敦旅行时还是个学生。那时候依依不舍地离开妈妈的怀抱，还提着一个装满家里做的水果蛋糕和羊毛背心的旅行箱。所以选项B符合题意。

第2题:文章第一段提到尽管是在战后艰苦的日子，我们依然能吃到牛肉和蒸布丁，所以可以想象当第一天到达伦敦寓所吃的食物的沮丧心情。所以选项A符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位至第三段。作者认为旅店女老板的装扮非常俗气，而他的朋友亚瑟在那里待了三天后对伦敦的描述是：“所有的都是毛皮外套，里面什么都没有”（Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath）。而后面一段描述了豪华的接待区和破败的休息室和餐厅以及阁楼水槽等，并说到文明的表象就在你眼前消失了（attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes）。由此可知，豪华的外表下竟是破败的内在。因此D项“虚有其表”正确。

第4题:作者和他的朋友的房间并不比顶楼大多少，四周是斑驳的墙壁。有一个褪了色的水池，水管整夜响不停，摆放的几件家具还比不上英国监狱局的。所以选项A符合题意。

第5题:文章倒数第一段提到日常的隐私和平静可以保护我们不会堕落成疯狂的凶手（whichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners），即一个人需要休息的场所和喘息的时间。所以选项D符合题意。

2.翻译题

这些书都没有解释这一现象。

【答案】Noneofthesebooksexplainthephenomenon.

3.单选题

Themechanicjackedupthecarandthen（

）tochangethetire.

问题1选项

A.advanced

B.went

C.proceeded

D.moved

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。advance“前进，进步”；go“去”；proceed“开始，继续进行”；move“移动”。句意：这位机修工用千斤顶顶起汽车，然后换轮胎。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

（）bythesuperstarsontelevision,theyoungathletestrainedhardandplayedintensely.

问题1选项

A.Imitated

B.Imposed

C.Insured

D.Inspired

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。imitate“模仿，仿效”；impose“强加，征税”；insure“确保，保证”；inspire“激发，鼓舞”。句意：被电视上的超级明星所激励，年轻的运动员训练刻苦，比赛激烈。D项符合题意。

5.单选题

Thepolicehaddifficultyin_____thefansfromrushingontothestagetotakephotoswiththesinger.

问题1选项

A.limiting

B.restraining

C.confining

D.restricting

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。limit限制，限定；restrain抑制，控制，制止；confine限制，禁闭；restrict限制，约束，限定。Restrict一般指限制某物的大小、数量等；limit一般指空间、时间或数量的极限；confine侧重于不可逾越的限制，比如束缚、囚禁。restrain指阻止,抑制,通常与from搭配,指阻止某人做某事。句意：警察很难阻止歌迷们冲上台与歌手合影。所以选项B更符合本句语境。

6.单选题

Sadly,theGiantPandaisoneofthemanyspeciesnowindangerof（）.

问题1选项

A.extinction

B.migration

C.destruction

D.extraction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。extinction“灭绝，消灭”；migration“迁移，移民”；destruction“毁灭”；extraction“取出，抽出”。句意：令人悲伤的是，大熊猫现在成了濒临灭绝的动物种类之一。A项符合题意。

7.单选题

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen's.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatterorfrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses-thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibresthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis"What?'*,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforwordhanding,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetter

connections.

Butitisn'tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat"languagesubjects"andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedbyfactors（

）.

3."Thesedifferences"inparagraph5refertothosein（

）.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon（

）.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

问题2选项

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

问题3选项

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects□

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

问题4选项

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

问题5选项

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。A:心理学家已经放弃，而生物学家正在展开研究工作。第一段指出:Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke(心理学家把这个问题看成是挫折或笑话),原文表达的意思跟A项不一样。B:大脑区别显示出一个性别优于另外一个性别。第一段说:'Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse(他们指出尽管有区别，但并不能说明谁优谁劣),与B项不一致。D:两性大脑结构的区别早已为人所知。第三段:Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmen...(这是第一次发现男性和女性大脑的结构差异…),因此D项排除。所以本题选C。

2.细节题。第三段指出:Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences(我们倾向于认为正是社会的影响造成了这些差异),故选D。

3.细节题。第五段说:Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis(但在此基础上，要解释男女技能的实际差异并不是那么容易)。由此可见,“这些区别”指的是两性技能。

4.推断题。最后一段：Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon'tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum(我们暂时还不知道，部分原因是我们不知道学校受试者的能力和大脑两半的功能之间有什么精确的关系，我们也不知道两半是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。)。后面:weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.间接地提出对于corpuscallos的影响应多作研究工作。

5.主旨大意题。A项(概述关于大脑结构的研究结果)比较能概括文章目的。

8.单选题

Thisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindness（）leftuntreated.

问题1选项

A.after

B.if

C.since

D.unless

【答案】B

【解析】考查条件状语从句。if引导的条件状语从句，如果从句和主句的主语一致，则从句中的主语和be动词可以一同省略，此句省略了theillnessis。句意：这种疾病如果不加以治疗，就会导致完全失明。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull（

）.

问题1选项

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：不外出工作的家庭主妇常常觉得自己没有充分发挥自己的能力。选项A符合句意。

10.翻译题

Buildingadegreeoftransportationandinventorycostambiguityintothesystemdesignwillallowonetoestimatehighandlowvaluesforthesecosts,withthecomfortthatcostswillcomeinbetweentheseworstandbestcases.Globalsourcingsystemsarealsodynamiccreatures,subjecttochangeandimprovementovertime.Itisessentialthattheperformanceofthesourcingsystembemonitoredbyallpartiestothepartnershiptomaintainitscommonfocus.Severaladditionalitemsshouldbeconsideredwheneverinternationalsourcingisanalternativeforafirm:possibleuseofchildlabor,changingtariffstructures,foreigntradezones,exportingforassemblyinbond,andcountertrade.

【答案】

在系统设计中建立一定程度的运输和库存成本的模糊性，将可以估算出这些成本的高值和低值，而成本将会在这些最坏和最好的情况之间。全球采购系统也是动态的，随着时间的推移会发生变化和改进。至关重要的是，结为伙伴关系的各方都要对采购系统的性能进行监控，以确保达成共识。当国际采购是公司的一种选择时，应考虑以下额外几点：使用童工的可能性，变化的关税结构，外贸区，保税出口组装和补偿贸易。

11.单选题

Ashewasathoroughlyprofessionaljournalist,healreadyknewthemedia____.

问题1选项

A.toandfrom

B.upsideanddown

C.insideandout

D.nowandthen

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.toandfrom去和回B.upsideanddown上和下

C.insideandout从里到外；彻底地D.nowandthen有时

【考查点】语义衔接和固定搭配

【解题思路】空格的内容在主句中做状语，主句的句意为“他对媒体____熟悉”，根据从句的句意“因为他是一位非常专业的（thoroughlyprofessional）记者”可知，“他”应该对媒体非常熟悉，C选项insideandout为固定搭配，意为“从里到外；彻底地”符合原句语义逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文语义逻辑。

【句意】因为他是一位非常专业的记者，所以他对媒体相当熟悉。

12.单选题

IthinkthatIcommitteda（）inaskingherbecausesheseemedveryupsetbymyquestion.

问题1选项

A.blunder

B.revenge

C.reproach

D.scandal

【答案】A

【解析】blunder大错,失策,疏忽;revenge复仇;reproach申斥,耻辱,责备;scandal丑闻。句意：我想我向她询问是个失策,因为她看起来对我的问题很不满意。

13.单选题

Goingintothediningroomwherethebanquetwasgivenlastnight,Icanseethe（）arestillonthetable.

问题1选项

A.remains

B.relics

C.remnants

D.surplus

【答案】A

【解析】句意:走进昨晚举行宴会的餐厅后，我能看到剩余的饭菜依然在桌上。

考查名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。remain遗迹，剩余（物），残骸；relics遗物，纪念物；remnant剩余（主要的部分被使用后的剩余），遗迹；surplus剩余（指超过需要数量之外的剩余），［贸易］顺差，盈余。因此A符合句意。

14.单选题

Toachievesustainabledevelopment,the（

）ofresourcesisassumingnewimportance.

问题1选项

A.conservation

B.reservation

C.exhaustion

D.devastation

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。A选项conservation“保存，保护”；B选项reservation“预定，保留”；C选项exhaustion“耗尽，枯竭”：D选项devastation“毁坏”；空格前一句是目的状语“实现可持续发展”，所以空格所在句应是‘资源保护有新的意义。’A选项正确。

15.单选题

Thetechniqueprovidesmoredetailedinformationaboutsubtledifferencesingeneactivity（）withcancer-causingpathways.

问题1选项

A.coupled

B.stained

C.associated

D.integrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项couple“结合，连接”，couplewith表示“与……相结合，伴随”；B项stain“污染，玷污”，stainwith表示“用……染色”；C项associate“联想，关联”，associatewith表示“联合，与……联系在一起”；D项integrate“使……完整；使……成整体”，integratewith表示“使与……结合”。把四个选项分别代入句子中，可知只有C项符合。句意：这项技术提供了有关致癌途径中基因活性细微差异的更详细信息。因此，该题选择C项正确。

16.单选题

Aviolentthunderstormwas（）asdarkcloudswerecollectingoverhead.

问题1选项

A.eminent

B.imminent

C.instantaneous

D.simultaneous

【答案】B

【解析】eminent杰出的；imminent即将来临的；instantaneous即时的；simultaneous同时的。句意：当乌云在头顶聚集时,一场暴风雨即将到来。选项B符合句意。

17.单选题

TheChinesevolleyballteamannouncedthattheywouldnot（

）firstplacetoanyteam.

问题1选项

A.yell

B.yield

C.yoke

D.yearn

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项yell“叫喊，大声叫”；B选项yield“屈服，投降，让步，放弃”；C选项yoke“给……上轭，强行；使结合，使联合”；D选项yearn“渴望，渴求”。由firstplace（第一名）可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：中国排球队宣布他们不会把第一名让给任何一支球队。

18.单选题

Freudderivedpsychoanalyticknowledgeofchildhoodindirectly;he（）childhoodprocessesfromadultmemory.

问题1选项

A.reconstructed

B.incorporated

C.obstructed

D.fostered

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。reconstruct“重现，改造”；incorporate“包含，吸收”；obstruct“阻塞，妨碍”；foster“培养，养育”。句意：弗洛伊德间接性地推断出了儿童精神分析知识，从成年人的记忆中修复了儿时的记忆。选项A符合题意。

19.单选题

Pessimismconcerningtheeconomicfuturewas____inwesternEuropeancountriesinthelate1970s.

问题1选项

A.perpetual

B.pertinent

C.preventive

D.prevalent

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.perpetual永久的B.pertinent有关的；恰当的

C.preventive预防性的D.prevalent盛行的

【答案】D

【考查点】形近词辨析与语义衔接

【解题思路】原句主语为“关于经济前景的悲观情绪”，后文内容为“在20世纪70年代末的西欧国家”，只有D选项prevalent“盛行的”符合前后语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合前后语义衔接。

【句意】20世纪70年代末，西欧国家普遍存在对经济前景的悲观情绪。

20.单选题

MartinLutherKing,Jr.persuadedhisfollowerstobringthe（

）oftheAmericanNegroestotheattentionoftheUnitedNations,buttheydidnotactveryeffectively.

问题1选项

A.conspiracy

B.pledge

C.plight

D.compulsion

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。conspiracy“阴谋；共谋”；pledge“保证；誓言；抵押”；plight“困境；苦境”；compulsion“强制；强迫”。句意：马丁•路德•金说服他的追随者去让联合国关注美国黑人的苦境，但是他们的行动没取得什么效果。选项C符合题意。

21.单选题

Bycreatingvalue,apowerfulmessage,youcangetpeopletocometoyou,insteadoftryingto（

）themwithyourmessageandbrand.

问题1选项

A.substantiate

B.authenticate

C.satiate

D.smother

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。substantiate“证实”；authenticate“鉴定”；satiate“充分满足”；smother“使窒息，抑制”。句意：通过创造价值和强有力的信息，你就能让大家来到身边，而不要尝试用自己的信息和品牌让来让他们感到窒息。insteadof表转折，而不要尝试通过······可知空格处所填单词应为贬义词，故答案为D。

22.单选题

Hundredsofpeople（

）ontheplaygroundforwatchingtheDragonLanternshow.

问题1选项

A.contrived

B.conformed

C.conferred

D.converged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contrive“发明，设计”；conform“符合，遵照”；confer“授予，给予”；converge“聚集”。句意：数百人聚集在广场上看龙灯表演。选项D符合题意。

23.写作题

Directions:Youaregiven30minutesonthistask.Writedownyourunderstandingof“ItPaystoBeHonest”withnolessthan150words.

【答案】略

24.单选题

Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon'tandifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutthenature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,inthisway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwithdepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetobethehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare;andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorance,worstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkup,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourthroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofscientistsinearliertimes?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscience?

问题1选项

A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment.

B.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen

C.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance

D.willbringaboutdisturbingresults

问题2选项

A.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemofscience

B.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch

C.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnature

D.didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman’sunderstandingofnature

问题3选项

A.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingtheydidn'tunderstand.

B.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.

C.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.

D.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn’tunderstand.

问题4选项

A.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.

B.Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

C.Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

D.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一句“Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.”指出科学是很难预测的，如果真是科学，也就不可能去预测。文中的predict对应于选项B中的foreseen，所以选项B正确。

2.推理判断题。根据文章中的“Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.”“如果18世纪的科学家们被告知我们人类对世界几乎是一无所知的，那么他们将会非常震惊”可推断出18世纪的科学家并不认为自己对世界一无所知，所以A选项‘认为他们知道很多，可以解决大多数科学问题’正确，C选项与A选项表述相反，错误。B选项“不敢面对科学研究的事实”和D选项“在人类对自然界的理解方面产生了更多的不好的影响”没有在文章中体现。

3.细节事实题。根据文章中的“Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.”“在早期，我们要么假装知道事物的规律，要么对此置之不理或者用编造故事的方式来搪塞。”确定A选项“捏造错误的理论来解释他们不知道的事物”、B选项“他们假装知道有关自然界的一切”和D选项“他们对不懂的事情置之不理”都是早期科学家的特点，只有C选项“他们不相信科学观察得出的结果”没有提及，或者用排除法，C选项符合题意。

4.观点态度题。根据文章中的“Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'tbeanswered,soonerorlater...”“尽管有困难，但人类迟早会解决这些问题”所以C选项“虽然意识到困难重重但还是很有信心”符合作者对科学的态度。

25.单选题

Doesusingawordprocessoraffectawriter’sstyle?Themediumusuallydoesdosomethingtothemessageafterall,evenifMarshallMcLuhan’sclaimthatthemediumsimplyisthemessagehasbeenheardandlargelyforgottennow.Thequestionmatters.RayHammond,inhisexcellentguideTheWriterandtheWordProcessor,predictsthatoverhalftheprofessionalwritersinBritainandtheUSAwillbeusingwordprocessorsbytheendof1985.Thebest-knownrecruitisLenDeighton,fromaslongagoas1968,thoughmostusershaveonlystartedsincethemicrocomputerboombeganin1980.

Ironicallywordprocessingisinsomewayspsychologicallymorelikewritinginroughthantyping,sinceitrestoresfluidityandprovisionallytothetext.Thetypist’sdreadofhavingtogetoutthetippex,thescissorsandpaste,orofredoingthewholethingifhehasanysubstantialsecondthoughts,canmakehimconsistentlychoosethesaferoptioninhissentences,orletsomethingstandwhichheknowstobeunsatisfactoryorincomplete,outofweariness.Inwordprocessingthetextisloosenedupwhilststillretainingtheadvantageoflookingformallyfinished.

Thishas,Ithink,twoapparentlycontradictoryeffects.Theinitialwritingcanbecomeexcessivelysloppyandcareless,intheexpectationth