考研考博-英语-北京电影学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京电影学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Sharkshavegainedanunfairreputationforbeingfiercepredatorsoflargeseaanimals.Humanity'sunfoundedfearandhatredoftheseancientcreaturesisleadingtoaworldwideslaughterthatmayresultintheextinctionofmanycoastalsharkspecies.Thesharkisthevictimofawarpedattitudeofwildlifeprotection;westriveonlytoprotectthebeautiful,non-threateningpartsofourenvironment.And,inoureffortstorestoreonlynon-threateningpartsofourearth,weignoreotherimportantparts.

Aperfectillustrationofthisattitudeisthecontrastingattitudetowardanotherlargeseaanimal,thedolphin.Duringthe1980s,environmentalistsintheUnitedStatesprotestedtheuseofdriftnetsoftunafishinginthePacificOceansincethesenetsalsocaughtdolphins.Theenvironmentalistsgeneratedenoughpoliticalandeconomicpressuretopreventtunacompaniesfrombuyingtunathathadbeencaughtindriftnets.Incontrasttothiseffortonbehalfofthedolphins,thesesameenvironmentalistshavedoneverylittletohelpsavethePacificOceansharkswhosepopulationhasdecreasednearlytothepointofextinction.Sharksareamongtheoldestcreaturesonearth,havingsurvivedintheseasformorethan350millionyears.Theyareextremelyefficientanimals,feedingonwoundedordyinganimals,thusthatspeciessuchastheGreatWhiteSharkhavemanagetoliveintheoceansforsomanymillionsofyearsisenoughproofoftheirefficiencyandadaptabilitychangingenvironments.Itistimeforushuman,whomaynotsurviveanother1,000yearsattheratewearedamagingtheplanet,tocastawayourfearsandbeginconsideringtheprotectionofsharksasanimportantpartofaprogramforprotectionofallournaturalenvironment.

1.Withwhichofthefollowingtopicsisthispassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.Howdidenvironmentalistsmanagetoprotectdolphins?

3.Abouthowlongsharkslivedontheplanet?

4.Whatistheauthor'stoneinthispassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Sharksareefficientcreatureswithbadreputations.

B.Sharksaresomeoftheoldestcreaturesonearth.

C.Sharksillustrateaprobleminwildlifeprotection.

D.Thecampaigntosavedolphinswasnotextendedtosavesharks.

问题2选项

A.Theypreventedfishermenfromsellingthemformeat.

B.Theypressuredfishermenintoprotectingdolphinsbylaw.

C.Theybroughtpoliticalpressureagainsttunacompanies.

D.Theycreatedsanctuarieswheredolphinfishingwasnotallowed.

问题3选项

A.25millionyears

B.150millionyears

C.350millionyears

D.500millionyears

问题4选项

A.explanatory

B.accusatory

C.gentle

D.proud

问题5选项

A.orderofimportance

B.causeandeffect

C.statementandexample

D.chronologicalorder

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲我们只努力保护环境中美丽、无害的部分，而忽略了其他需要保护的东西，比如鲨鱼，使得其濒临灭绝。由此可知，鲨鱼说明了野生动物保护中的一个问题，选项C符合原文主旨。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的二三句“Duringthe1980s,...caughtindriftnets.”在20世纪80年代，美国的环保主义者抗议在太平洋使用漂网捕捞金枪鱼，因为这些网也能捕获海豚。环保主义者施加了足够的政治和经济压力，阻止金枪鱼公司购买被漂网捕获的金枪鱼。选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段“Sharksareamongtheoldestcreaturesonearth,havingsurvivedintheseasformorethan350millionyears.”鲨鱼是地球上最古老的生物之一，在海洋中生存了3.5亿年以上。选项C与原文表述一致。

4.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，作者是在谴责人们忽略了对鲨鱼的保护，所以选项B正确。

5.推理判断题。文章第一段首先提出人们忽略了对鲨鱼的保护，第二段举例来证明这个观点，所以本文的结构是陈述加举例，选项C正确。

2.单选题

Thecompanyhas（

）itsoperationsinStamfordbyopeninganewbranchofficethere.

问题1选项

A.enlarged

B.expanded

C.extended

D.contracted

【答案】B

【解析】句意:通过开设分公司，这家公司扩大了其在斯坦福德的运营规模。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。Enlarge使增大，扩展（主要指面积或体积等的扩大）;expand扩张,使膨胀（指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或增加）;extend延伸，扩大，推广（指时间或空间的延长）;contract订约,使缩短。由关键词operations可知这里指扩大运营规模。故选B。

3.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandtranslateitintoChinese.

1.Uponlearningofthisculturalpreference,Hallmarkreactedquickly.EventhoughChineseandJapanesedescendantsofRomeoandJulietarenowabletobuygreetingcardsintheirnativelanguage,HallmarkhasmadesurethesupplyofgreetingcardsinEnglishisplentiful.Thus,theircustomerscanachievebothadisplayoftheirhipcosmopolitanflair,whilealsosendingtheirsweetiethatall-importantmessageofloveatthesametime.

2.Englishasalinguafrancaisnothingmorethanausefultool:itisa“languageforcommunication”,amediumthatisgivensubstancewiththedifferentnational,regional,localandindividualculturalidentitiesitsspeakersbringtoit.Englishitselfdoesnotcarrysuchidentities,anditisnota“languageforidentification”.AndbecauseofthevarietyoffunctionalusesofglobalEnglish,Englishhasalsoagreatpotentialforpromotinginternationalunderstanding.Itsdifferentspeakersmustalwaysworkoutacommonbehaviouralandinterculturalbasis.

【答案】1.在了解到这一文化偏好之后，霍尔马克公司快速做出了反应。尽管“罗密欧与朱丽叶”的中国和日本后裔现在都能买到母语贺卡，但霍尔马克公司同时确保了英语贺卡的供应充足。这样，他们的顾客既可以展示他们时尚的世界性眼光，同时也可以向他们的爱人传达最重要的爱的信息。

2.作为一种通用语，英语只不过是一种有用的工具:它是一种“交流的语言”，是一种由其使用者赋予了不同民族、地区、地方和个人文化特色的物质媒体。英语本身并没有这种身份，它也不是一种“身份识别语言”。而且，由于全球英语功能用法的多样性，英语在促进国际理解方面也具有巨大潜力。不同的使用者必须始终制定出一个共同的行为和跨文化基础。

4.单选题

Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe（）waythestorewasorganized.

问题1选项

A.logical

B.haphazard

C.orderly

D.tidy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。logical“有逻辑的”；haphazard“偶然的；随意的”；orderly“有秩序的”；tidy“整洁的”。句意：找到这个工作所需要的零件很难，因为商店摆放的方式很随意。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

TheEnglishnovelistWilliamThackerayconsideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerousthathecriticizedDickens’OliverTwistformakingthecharactersinthethieves’kitchenso（

）.

问题1选项

A.threatening

B.riveting

C.conniving

D.fearsome

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。threatening“危险的；胁迫的；凶兆的”；riveting“非常迷人的；吸引人的”；conniving“纵容的；默许的”；fearsome“可怕的；害怕的”。句意：英国小说家威廉•萨克雷认为对罪犯的狂热崇拜是相当危险的，所以他批评狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》让小偷厨房中的人物是如此吸引人。由consideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerous可知B项符合语境。正是由于作品中塑造的人物具有吸引力才让人崇拜。

6.单选题

Businesstravelersusedtobethecashcowsofthehotelbusiness.Armedwithcorporatecreditcardsandexpenseaccounts,they'dhappilylaydownhundredsofdollarspernightfortheprivilegeofaGodivachocolateontheirpillowandasunkenwhirlpooltubintheirbathroom.Butjustasprolongedcorporatebelttighteninghasforcedroadwarriorstousebudgetairlines,moreandmoreofthemarenoweschewingfive-starlodginginfavorofcheaperaccommodations.Indeed,earlierthisyeartheU.S.-basedNationalBusinessTravelAssociationreleasedfiguresshowingthat61percentofcorporatetravelmanagersplannedtobooktheirpeopleintolower-pricedhotelsinthecomingyear.

Here'sthegoodnews:penny-pinchingistranslatingintobetterdealsatcheapandup-markethotelsalike.Servicesatmiddle-markethotelsarerisingtoaccommodateanewwaveofmoredemandingcorporatecustomers.Andluxuryhotelsareworkinghardertokeepbusinesstravelerscoming,offeringlowerrates,specialpackagesandextraservices.Eventhoughbusiness-travelvolumeissettorisebymorethan4percentin2004afterthreedismalyears,hotelswillcontinuetobeunderpressure----inlargepartbecauseaweakdollarisforcingAmericanbusinesstravelerstosearchforvalue.

Someofthebestdealsarecomingfromthebigchains.InJanuary,StarwoodHotelsannounceditwouldupgradeitglobalmiddle-marketbrand.FourPoints,byrollingoutfreehigh-speedwirelessInternetaccessinallguestrooms.Ontheflipside,upscalebrandslikeInterContinentalandRitzCarltonaresellingemptyroomsatdiscountratesviaonlineservices.Thathastheeffectofdepressingluxury-roomprices,becausecorporatetravelmanagerscannowdemandthathotelsmatchtheirowndiscountpricesallthetime.InterContinentalhotelsinFranceandGermanyhavebeenhitsohardthattheyareactuallyrepricingtheirroomstoreflectratesbeforethedollarbeganfalling.UpscalehotelslikeWaldorf-Astoria,Sofitelarealsotryingtoofferextraservices.

Butbewareofnew,hiddenfees.Inanefforttomakeupsomeoftheirlostrevenue,hotelsarestartingtochargecorporatetravelersforthingsthatusedtobefree——includingbreakfast,banquetormeetingrooms.

Asidefromsavingcompaniesmoney,thetrendinfrugalbusinesstravelmaygiverisetoawholenewmarketsegment:thebuy-to-lethotelroom.LastweekinLondon,BritishpropertydeveloperJohnnySandelsonlaunchedGuestlnvest,ahotelinNottingHillwhereuserscanpurchasearoomfor£235,000,useitforamaximumof52nightsayearthemselves,thenrentitouttherestofthetimetomakeextramoney.Itseemsanideawhosetimehascome:Guestlnvestsaysithasalreadyfieldedhundredsofcallsfrombusinesspeopleinterestedinmakingacheaperhoteltheirsecondhome.

1.Accordingtothepassage,businesstravelersusedto（）.

2.Howdohotelsreacttothepenny-pinchingpolicy?

3.Travelerscannowdemandhotelstomatchtheirownpricesbecause（）.

4.Comparedwithtraditionalhotels,thebuy-tolethotel（）.

问题1选项

A.becustomersofluxurioushotels

B.booklower-pricedhotels

C.enjoyprivilegesinhotels

D.takebudgetairlines

问题2选项

A.Theyhavetoraisetheirrates

B.Theyofferbetterdealsfortravelers

C.Theychargemoreonextraservices

D.Theyaresufferingsuccessivedismal

问题3选项

A.travelersonlyhavelimitedbudget

B.travelersdemandforextraservices

C.hotelsaretryingtodepresstheirprices

D.hotelsaretryinghardtokeepgoodbusiness

问题4选项

A.costlessandcanbeprofitable

B.attractsmoreattentionsfromtravelers

C.providesbetterroomandservice

D.makestravelersfeelmoreathome

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，商务旅行者过去怎么样？”文章第一段第二句提到在企业紧缩预算的影响下，商务旅行者现在避开五星级酒店而选择便宜的住宿地方（Butjustasprolongedcorporatebelttighteninghasforcedroadwarriorstousebudgetairlines,moreandmoreofthemarenoweschewingfive-starlodginginfavorofcheaperaccommodations），由此可以推测过去他们常常选择五星级酒店住宿，选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“酒店如何应对这种精打细算的政策？”文章第二段第一句话提到随之而来的是便宜而且高档的酒店的更加优惠的政策(Here’sthegoodnews:penny-pinchingistranslatingintobetterdealsatcheapandup-markethotelsalike),说明为了招揽顾客，酒店提供给商务旅行者优惠政策，选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“旅行者现在要求酒店的价格与自己期望的价格一致的原因是什么？”文章第二段第三句话提到“豪华酒店在努力吸引商务旅行者，给他们提供更低的价格、特殊的套餐和额外的服务”(Andluxuryhotelsareworkinghardertokeepbusinesstravelerscoming,offeringlowerrates,specialpackagesandextraservices);第三段提到商务旅行经理现在可以要求酒店一致保持与自己的折扣价格一致(Thathastheeffectofdepressingluxury-roomprices,becausecorporatetravelmanagerscannowdemandthathotelsmatchtheirowndiscountpricesallthetime)，这一系列的措施都是为了吸引顾客，因此选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“与传统酒店相比，‘先买后租’酒店怎么样？”文章最后一段提到除了为公司省钱之外，还应运而生了一种新的市场：“先买后租”，即购买酒店房间，然后用来出租(Asidefromsavingcompaniesmoney,thetrendinfrugalbusinesstravelmaygiverisetoawholenewmarketsegment:thebuy-to-lethotelroom),这说明这种模式是为了省钱，后面又提到了能把买下的房间租给他人，说明还能赚钱，因此选项A“花费减少，并且还能盈利”符合题意。

7.单选题

Mostofhisfellowworkersdon'tlikehimbecauseheoften___ofhispastglory.

问题1选项

A.bursts

B.bawls

C.boasts

D.bans

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.bursts爆发B.bawls大叫

C.boasts自夸；夸耀D.bans禁止

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】空格处接of组成固定短语。空格处的动词与光辉事迹相连接，与前文同事们不喜欢他相照应。C选项boastof“自夸”在这里表示他总是自己夸耀自己，符合句子逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】他的大多数同事都不喜欢他，因为他经常吹嘘自己过去的辉煌。

8.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.(1)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.

Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos“human”andlogos“thestudyof”.Byitsveryname,anthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.(2)Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.

Anthropologyisafieldstudyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.(3)Theemphasisondatagatheredfirsthand,combinedwithacrossculturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.(4)Tylordefinedcultureas“...thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thisinsight,soprofoundinitssimplicity,openedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned,shared,andpatternedbehavior.(5)Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture,”liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.

【答案】1.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，然后让所有其他形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

2.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。

3.强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

4.泰勒把文化定义为“……是一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯”。

5.因此，人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使得大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。

9.单选题

Itisaninterestingfact______trytodothesamethingsasnaturedoes,theyusuallyhavetodotheminadifferentway.

问题1选项

A.thatwhenmen

B.whenthatmen

C.thatmen

D.whenmen

【答案】A

【解析】考查主语从句和状语从句。句意：一个有趣的事实是，当人们试图做自然所做的同样的事情时，他们通常不得不以不同的方式去做。It作形式主语，真正的主语是横线到句尾部分，其中主语从句中包含一个时间状语从句，that引导主语从句，when引导时间状语从句，所以A选项thatwhenmen正确。其余选项语法错误。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Suchquestionsshouldbeapproachedhonestlyandinfullawarenessthat（

）loanagreementswillcostmoneyduetocancellationorothercharges.

问题1选项

A.compressing

B.terminating

C.conforming

D.contending

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。句意:这些问题应该认真的探讨，要充分意识到终止贷款协议及其他事项是要花成本的。

compress(被)压紧;精简;浓缩;压缩;压缩(文件等)。terminate(使)停止，结束，终止;到达终点站。conform顺从，顺应(大多数人或社会);随潮流;遵守。contend(尤指在争论中)声称，主张，认为;竞争;争夺。

11.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Readingcanonlybefunifyouexpectittobe.Ifyouconcentrateonbookssomebodytellsyouyou‘‘ought”toread,youprobablywon’thavefun.Butifyouputdownabookyoudon’tlikeandtryanothertillyoufindonethatmeanssomethingtoyou,andthenrelaxwithit,youwillalmostcertainlyhaveagoodtime—andifyoubecome,asaresultofreading,better,wiser,kinder,ormoregentle,youwon’thavesufferedduringtheprocess.

【答案】只有当你期望阅读是有趣的时候，它才是有趣的。如果你全神贯注于别人告诉你“应该”读的书，你可能不会有乐趣。但是如果你放下一本你不喜欢的书，并尝试另一本，直到你找到一本对你有点意义的书，然后轻松地读下去，你肯定能乐在其中——如果你因为阅读而变得更好，更智慧，更友善，或者更文雅，你就不会在这个过程中受苦。

12.单选题

Ipreferhisplantoyours,______itismorepracticalandeasiertobecarriedout.

问题1选项

A.forwhich

B.forthat

C.inwhich

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：与你的计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为它更实际，也更容易实施。inthat是固定搭配，意为“因为”，相当于forthereasonthat,because，可用于引导原因状语从句。其他三项不能引导原因状语从句。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

IthinkofthePhDalittleliketheGrandTour,atraditioninthe16thand17thcenturies[A]whereyouthswouldtravelaroundEurope,gettingarichexposureto[B]highsocietyinFrance,Italy,andGermany,[C]learnaboutart,architecture,language,literature,fencing,riding—alloftheessentialliberalartsthatagentlemanwasexpectedtohaveexperience[D]withtobeaninfluentialmemberofsociety.

问题1选项

A.where

B.highsociety

C.learnabout

D.withto

【答案】C

【解析】考查并列结构。C选项的learnabout是gettingarichexposure的并列成分，形式应保持一致。

14.单选题

Nothinginthehistoryofmodemastronomyhasexcitedasmuchspeculationastheobject,orevent,knownasablackhole.Blackholeshaveprovidedendlessimaginativefodderforsciencefictionwritersandendlesstheoreticalfodderforastrophysicists.Theyareoneofthemoreexoticmanifestationsofthetheoryofgeneralrelativity,andtheirfascinationliesinthewaytheirtremendousgravityaffectsnearbyspaceandtime.

Ablackholeisverysimpleinstructure:ithasasurface—theeventhorizon—andacenter—thesingularity.Everythingelseisgravity.Thestandardmodelfortheformationofablackholeinvolvesthecollapseofalagerstar.Theimaginarysphericalsurfacesurroundingthecollapsedstaristheeventhorizon—anartificialboundaryinpacethatmarksapointofnoreturn.Outsidetheeventhorizon,gravityisstrongbutfinite,anditispossibleforobjectstobreakfreeofitspull.However,oncewithintheeventhorizon,anobjectwouldneedtotravelfasterthanlighttoescape.

Forextremelymassivestars,theexclusionprinciple—theresistancebetweenthemacularparticlewithinthestarastheyarecompressed一willnotbestrongenoughtooffsetthegravitygeneratedbythestar’sownmass.Thestar’sincreasingdensitywilloverwhelmtheexclusionprinciple.Whatfollowsisrunawaygravitationalcollapse.Withnointernalforcetostopit,thestarwillsimplycontinuetocollapseinonitself.Onceacollapsingstarhascontractedthroughitseventhorizon,nothingcanstopitfromcollapsingfurtheruntilitsentiremassiscrusheddowntoasinglepoint—apointofinfinitedensityandzerovolume-toesingularity.

Thestarnowdisappearsfromtheperceivableuniverse,likeacartooncharacterthatjumpsintoaholeandpullstheholeinafterhim.Whatthisprocessleavesbehindisadeterrentkindofhole—aprofounddisturbanceinspace-time,aregionwheregravityis,sointensethatnothingcanescapefromit.Anyobjectfallingwithintheboundaryofablackholehasnochoicebuttomoveinwardtowardthesingularityanddisappearfromouruniverseforever.Moreover,ablackholecanneverbepluggeduporfilledinwithmatter:themorematterthatispoundintoablackholethebiggeritgets.

AWhatwouldhappentoobjects,suchasastronauts,astheyvanishedintoablackhole?BPhysicistshavebeenamusingthemselveswiththisquestionforyears,andmostbelievethattheintensegravitationalforceswouldripaparttheastronautslongbeforetheywerecrushedatthesingularity.CTheoretically,anyastronautswhomortgagedtosurvivethepassagewouldencountersomeverystrangethings.DForinstance,theywouldexperienceacutetimedistortion,whichwouldenablethemtoknow,inafewbriefseconds,theentirefutureoftheuniverse.

Insideablackhole,spacearidtimearesowarpedthatthedistancefromtheeventhorizontothesingularityisnotadistanceinspaceinthenormalsensewhatwecanmeasureinkilometers.Instead,itbecomesadistanceintime.Thetimeittakestoreachthesingularityfromtheeventhorizon—asmeasuredbysomeonefallingin—isproportionaltothemassoftheblackhole.

Theonlywaywhatastronautswouldknowwhethertheyhadcrossedtheeventhorizonwouldbeiftriedtohalttheirfallandclimboutagainbyfiringtheirenginesenoughtopushthemselvesbackfromthecenterofthehole.However,becauseofthetimewarp,iftheastronautstriedtodothis,theywouldreachthesingularityfasterthaniftheyhadlefttheirenginesoff.Moreover,sincetheycouldgetnofartheroncetheyreachedthesingularity,thispointwouldmarktheendoftimeitself.

1.ThewordfodderinparagraphIisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

2.Theopposingforcebetweenthemolecularparticlesinsideastariscalled

（

）.

3.Whydoestheauthormentionacartooncharacterinparagraph4?

4.AstronautwhofellintoablackholewouldprobablyexperienceallofthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

5.Thephrase“thispoint”inparagraphsevenrefersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.material

B.stones

C.support

D.problems

问题2选项

A.generalrelativity

B.theexclusionprinciple

C.infinitedensity

D.thesingularity

问题3选项

A.Toillustratethecompletedisappearanceoracollapsingstar

B.Towarnofthedangerofbeingsuckedintoablackhole

C.Topointoutahumorousphenomenoninastrophysics

D.Toannouncethecreationofacartoonaboutblackholes

问题4选项

A.distortionofspaceandtime

B.knowledgeoftheuniverse

C.stronggravitationalforces

D.travelingfasterthanlight

问题5选项

A.theeventhorizon

B.firingtheirengines

C.thetimewarp

D.thesingularity

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。Fodder所在句为:Blackholeshaveprovidedendlessimaginativefodderforsciencefictionwritersandendlesstheoreticalfodderforastrophysicists(黑洞为科幻小说家提供了无穷无尽的想象素材，也为天体物理学家提供了无尽的理论素材)。其中fodder—词作provide的宾语并且既可以被imaginative修饰也可以被theoretical修饰，因此A项“材料,素材”意思最为接近。

2.细节事实题。第三段指出:theexclusionprinciple—theresistancebetweenthemacularparticlewithinthestarastheyarecompressedwillnotbestrongenoughtooffsetthegravitygeneratedbythestar’sownmass(排他原理——恒星内的黄斑粒子在被压缩时的阻力将不足以抵消恒星自身质量产生的引力)。因此题干“恒星内部分子粒子间的反作用力”就是排他原理。

3.判断推理题。根据题干定位至第四段:Thestarnowdisappearsfromtheperceivableuniverse,likeacartooncharacterthatjumpsintoaholeandpullstheholeinafterhim(这行星从我们的宇宙消失了，就像是一个跳进洞里然后消失在洞里的卡通人物)。由此可知cartooncharacter的例子是为了形象说明行星消失的过程，选项A“为了举例说明行星的消失或坍缩”正确。

4.细节事实题。关于进入黑洞中的宇航员会经历什么的设想主要集中在文章第五段:theintensegravitationalforceswouldripaparttheastronautslongbeforetheywerecrushedatthesingularity(在宇航员还没到奇点之前就己经被强大的引力撕碎了),故C“强大的引力”表述正确。theywouldexperienceacutetimedistortion,whichwouldenablethemtoknow,inafewbriefseconds,theentirefutureoftheuniverse(他们会经历严重的时间畸变，这会使他们在短短几秒之内了解整个宇宙的未来),故选项A“畸变的时间和空间”和B“宇宙的知识”表述正确。而D“比光速还快”不属于进入黑洞中的宇航员会经历的事件设想，故答案为D。

5.语义题。thispoint所在句为:Moreover,sincetheycouldgetnofartheroncetheyreachedthesingularity,thispointwouldmarktheendoftimeitself(而且,由于当到达奇点后他们就不能继续往前了，这个点将标志着时间的完结)。因此thispoint指thesingularity(奇点)。

15.单选题

Aneighteenth-centurytravelertoAnnapolisreportedonthesplendorofthissoutherncity.

问题1选项

A.magnificence

B.corruption

C.dimensions

D.provincialism

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词splendor意为“光彩；壮丽；显赫”；A选项“magnificence”意为“壮丽；宏伟；富丽堂皇”；B选项“corruption”意为“贪污，腐败；堕落”；C选项“dimensions”意为“规模，大小；尺寸规格”；D选项“provincialism”意为“方言；地方风格；乡下习气”。句意：一位18世纪去过安纳波利斯的旅行者报道了这座南方城市的辉煌壮丽。由题干可知，Annapolis（安纳波利斯，是美国马里兰州的首府和港口，是一座历史名城），所以可以推测出splendor在此处最可能是“壮丽”的意思，四个选项中magnificence具有“壮丽宏伟”的意思，与此相近。因此A选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Personalcomputersarenolongersomethingbeyondtheordinarypeople;theyare（）availablethesedays.

问题1选项

A.promptly

B.instantly

C.readily

D.quickly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:私人电脑对普通人来说不再遥不可及，现在电脑很容易买到。

考查副词辨析。promptly敏捷地，迅速地；instantly立即地;readily容易地轻而易举地；quickly迅速地。故C项符合句意。

17.单选题

TradewithBritainandtheWestIndiesallowedcolonialseaportssuchasBostonto

问题1选项

A.postpone

B.procure

C.pursue

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:与英国和西印度群岛的贸易使诸如波士顿这样的殖民海港得以繁荣发展。故选D。

18.单选题

Anarchaeologisthastopaymuchattentionto（）detailsofanunearthedo