考研考博-英语-东南大学成贤学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东南大学成贤学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Singerassheis,Mariehasalwayspreferred（

）herownclothes（

）themintheshops.

问题1选项

A.tomake...ratherthanbuying

B.making...insteadofbuying

C.making...insteadoftobuy

D.tomake...tobuy

【答案】B

【解析】句意:尽管是一名歌手，但是玛丽一直更喜欢自己做衣服而不是在商店里购买。

考查固定搭配。Prefer的搭配一般为:prefertodosth.ratherthanto（这个to可省略）dosth.,preferdoingsth.Insteadofdoingsth.综合可知,B项正确。

2.单选题

Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably（

）reportwithinafewhundredwordsbutwithalltheimportantdetailsincluded.

问题1选项

A.concise

B.brisk

C.precise

D.elaborate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项concise“简明的；简洁的”；B选项brisk“敏锐的；活泼的；轻快的”；C选项precise“精确的；明确的；严格的”；D选项elaborate“精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的”。句意：新秘书写了一份出色的……报告，只有几百字，但包括了所有重要的细节。“只有几百字”说明这篇报告是“简洁的”，A选项正确。

3.单选题

Thereseemsnevertohavebeenacivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowtheydevelopedisunknown.Theyprobablycameaboutjusttogivechildrensomethingtodo.

Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboysplayedwithsomekindsoftoysandmostgirlswithanother.Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayaftertheactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirlsafterthetasksoftheirmothers.Thisistruebecauseboysandgirlsarebeingprepared,eveninplay,tostepintotherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheadultworld.

Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsofcraftsmanship,mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing.InEgypt,theAmericas,China,JapanandamongtheArcticpeoples,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflifebecausetoysimitatetheirsurroundings.Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.

Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltotheoxcarttotheautomobileisadirectlineofascent.Theprogressfromarattle（拔浪鼓）usedbyababyin3,000BCtooneusedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedbyinventiveness.Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.

1.Thereasonwhythetoysmostboysplaywitharedifferentfromthosethatgirlsplaywithisthat

（

）.

2.Oneaspectof“theuniversalityoftoys”liesinthefactthat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sviewonthehistoricaldevelopmentoftoys?

4.Regardedasakindofartform,toys

（

）.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofarattletoshowthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theirsocialrolesarerigidlydetermined

B.mostboyswouldliketofollowtheirfathers’professions

C.boysliketoplaywiththeirfatherswhilegirlswiththeirmothers

D.theylikechallengingactivities

问题2选项

A.technologicaladvanceshavegreatlyimprovedthedurabilityoftoys

B.theimprovementofcraftsmanshipinmakingtoysdependsontheeffortsofuniversities

C.theexplorationoftheuniversehasledtothecreationofnewkindsoftoys

D.thebasiccharacteristicsoftoysarethesametheworldover

问题3选项

A.Thecraftsmanshipintoy-makinghasremainedessentiallyunchanged.

B.Toyshaveremainedbasicallythesameallthroughthecenturies.

C.Thetoyindustryhaswitnessedgreatleapsintechnologyinrecentyears.

D.Toysareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinshapingachild’scharacter.

问题4选项

A.followadirectlineofascent

B.alsoappealgreatlytoadults

C.arenotcharacterizedbytechnologicalprogress

D.reflectthepaceofsocialprogress

问题5选项

A.intoy-makingthereisacontinuityintheuseofmaterials

B.eventhesimplesttoyscanreflecttheprogressoftechnology

C.itoftentakesalongtimetointroducenewtechnologyintotoy-making

D.evenasimpletoycanmirrortheartistictastesofthetime

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined”在社会角色被严格定位的社会里，可知男孩和女孩玩得玩具不同，在于他们的社会角色被严格区分，因此选A。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing....Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.”玩具在世界各地的发展和他们对现在的持久性的普遍性是惊人的。……几乎每个文明都有娃娃，小武器玩具兵，小动物和车辆。可知玩具的基本特性是相同的，因此选D。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段第一句“Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.”玩具历史引人注目的不在于它们在几个世纪中发生了怎样的变化，而在于它们在多大程度上保持不变。可知B选项“几个世纪以来，玩具基本上保持不变”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段中“Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.”由于玩具通常可以被视为一种艺术形式，因此它们没有受到技术飞跃的影响，而这些技术是成人发明的特征。可知玩具不受技术进步影响，不以技术进步为特征，因此选C。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段中“Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.”每一个拨浪鼓都是时代艺术品味的产物，但受现有材料的限制。可知作者使用拨浪鼓的例子是为了说明即使是一个简单的玩具也能够反应所处时代的品味，因此选D。

4.单选题

Acensor’sdutyistoensurethatnocontentis（）inpublicationorfilms.

问题1选项

A.evil

B.obscure

C.obscene

D.opaque

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项evil“恶毒的;邪恶的”；B选项obscure“无名的;鲜为人知的”；C选项obscene“淫秽的;猥亵的”；D选项opaque“不透明的;不透光的”。句意：审查员的职责是确保出版物或电影中没有淫秽内容。根据关键词“审查员的职责”可知C符合句意。

5.单选题

Onenight,whentelevisionbeganbroadcastingaboringTVshow,Isaidtomywife,“Theprogrammeisevenlessinterestingthantheadvertisement,orcommercials.Letushaveachange.

Mywife,whohappenedtohavearemotecontrolinherhand,consentedimmediately,switchedtoanotherchannelandenjoyedanadvertisementofriceflourwithme.Justatthemoment,Ifoundthatwewerenolongerasdisgustedwiththecommercialsaswehadbeenbefore.

ThenextdaywhenItoldmyexperiencetomycolleagues,they,tomysurprise,allhadthesamefeeling.Afewevensangseveralofthecommercialssongs.

Afewyearsago,whenadvertisementsbegantoappearintheChinesemedia,mostpeople,includingmyself,wereagainstthepractice.Somesighed,“ThesocialistTV,newspaperhasstartedimitatingthewesternbourgeoismediatool!”Whathaschangedtheaudience’smentalityinonlyseveralyears'time?

First,Chineseadvertisementhaveimprovedtheiradvertisingandtheiradvertisingtechniques,atthebeginning,thelanguageofadvertisementwassimple,themusicinsipidandtheimagescoarseandcrude.Later,somebetterforeignadvertisementscametoChineseTVandnewspapers.

“Wherethereisamountain,thereisaroad;wherethereisaroad,thereisaToyota”.ThewordsoftheJapaneseadvertisementpublicizingtheToyotacarareveryabsurdbutimpressiveandeasytomemorize.“Nestlecoffeeistastyindeed.”TheAmericanadvertisementpromotingthesaleoftheNestlebrandcoffeehasbecomeanewhouseholdphraseinChina.Gradually,Chineseadvertisementsalsohavelearnedhowtodressthemselvesup.Theyhavestrangeandhumorousassociations,charming,deepmalevoices,colorfulimagesandsongsthatarepleasingtotheearandeasytolearn.Forthesereasons,thecommercialsforSantanacars,FudacolourfilmandOrientbeverageshavesuccessfullyattractedaTVaudience.

Second,lifeneedsadvertisements.Everythinginmodemsocietyislinkedtoinformation,whilethemainfunctionofadvertisementsistodisseminateinformationoncommodities,services,culture,employment,studentenrollmentandevenmarriage.

Ofcourse,onecanobtainsuchinformationbylisteningtohearsayandmakingon-the-spotinvestigation,buttheinformationprovidedbyadvertisementsisdoubtlessthemostdirect,comprehensiveanddetailed.

Associetyadvances,people'sdemandshavebecomemoreandmorediversified,andthecommoditiesandservicesprovidedbysocietyhavealsobecomemoreandmorediversified.

Ontheotherhand,aslivingtempoquickens,peoplehavelessleisuretime.Iftheywanttospendtimefindingsuitablecommodities,serviceandemploymentopportunities,theyhavetorelyonadvertisements.So,unconsciously,peoplehavechangedtheirhatredforadvertisementstoanacceptanceandutilizationofthem.

But,duetocertainconditionsinChina,theChinesedonothaveagreatneedforadvertisementforthetimebeing.

1.WhydidChineseadvertisementplayanunpopularroleatthebeginning?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Comparedwithbefore,whatdidIfoundsuddenly?

4.Whatdoestheword"absurd"meaninthepassage?

5.TheadvantagesofadsareasfollowsEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.Becauseadswerenotwellmadeandtheyarenotattractive.

B.Becausewatchingadsisconsideredtobewastingourtime.

C.Becausepeoplearenotfamiliarwithadsandtheycan’tacceptit.

D.BecauseChinaisasocialistcountry.

问题2选项

A.Mostpeoplelikeadvertisementsatthebeginning.

B.WesternbourgeoismediaarebetterthanChinesemedia.

C.ChinesemedialikestoimitatetheWest.

D.Fewpeoplewereinfavorofadvertisementswhenitappearedseveralyearsago.

问题3选项

A.CommercialsarebetterthanTVshows.

B.WealllikecommercialsbetterthanTVshows.

C.TVshowsarenolongerattractive.

D.Wenolongerhatetoseecommercialsasbefore.

问题4选项

A.interesting

B.funny

C.ridiculous

D.unpractical

问题5选项

A.adscandisseminateinformationtoaudience

B.adscanprovidesthemostdirect,comprehensiveanddetailedinformation

C.adsaren’tmadebylisteningtohearsay

D.adscanbringushappiness

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么中国广告一开始不受欢迎？”文章第五段第一句话提到在开始的时候广告语检点，音乐平淡，画面粗糙（thelanguageofadvertisementwassimple,themusicinsipidandtheimagescoarseandcrude），因此选项A“因为广告制作不好，没有吸引力”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知下列哪项是真的？”文章第四段第一句话提到“几年前，当广告开始出现在中国媒体上时，大多数人，包括我自己都反对这种做法”（Afewyearsago,whenadvertisementsbegantoappearintheChinesemedia,mostpeople,includingmyself,wereagainstthepractice），因此选项D“几年前广告出现的时候很少人喜欢”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“与以前比，我突然发现了什么？”文章第二段最后一句提到“我发现我们不再像以前那样讨厌广告了”（Ifoundthatwewerenolongerasdisgustedwiththecommercialsaswehadbeenbefore），因此选项D符合题意。

4.词义题。题目问的是“文章中absurd是什么意思？”文章第六段提到日本丰田汽车的广告语“Wherethereisamountain,thereisaroad;wherethereisaroad,thereisaToyota”（有山的地方就有路，有路的地方就有丰田），可以推测这种说法是“荒诞的”，因此选项C符合题意。

5.事实细节题。题目问的是“除了下列哪项，其他都是广告的优势？”文章倒数第五段提到广告的功能是传播商品、服务、文化、就业、招生甚至婚姻方面的信息（themainfunctionofadvertisementsistodisseminateinformationoncommodities,services,culture,employment,studentenrollmentandevenmarriage），因此可知选项A是广告的一个优势，排除；文章倒数第四段提到人们可以通过其他途径来获取信息，但是广告提供的信息无疑是最直接、最全面、最详细的（buttheinformationprovidedbyadvertisementsisdoubtlessthemostdirect,comprehensiveanddetailed），由此可知选项B与C是广告的两个优势。综上，选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Untilmeninventedwaysofstayingunderwaterformorethanafewminutes,thewondersoftheworldbelowthesurfaceoftheseawerealmostunknown.Themainproblem,ofcourse,liesinair.Howcouldairbesuppliedtoswimmersbelowthesurfaceofthesea?Picturesmadeabout2,900yearsagoinAsiashowmenswimmingunderthesurfacewithairbagstiedtotheirbodies.Apipefromthebagcarriedairintotheswimmer’smouth.Butlittleprogresswasachievedintheinventionofdivingdevicesuntilabout1490,whenthefamousItalianpainter,LeonardodaVinci,designedacompletedivingsuit.

In1680,anItalianprofessorinventedalargeairbagwithaglasswindowtobewornoverthediver’shead.To“clean”theairabreathingpipewentfromtheairbag,throughanotherbagtoremovemoisture,andthenagaintothelargeairbag.Theplandidnotwork,butitgavelaterinventorstheideaofmovingairaroundindivingdevices.

In1819,aGerman,AugustusSiebe,developedawayofforcingairintothehead-coveringbyamachineoperatedabovethewater.Finally,in1837,heinventedthe“hard-hatsuit”thatwastobeusedfornearlyacentury.Ithadametalcoveringfortheheadandanairpipeattachedtoamachineabovethewater.Italsohadsmallopeningstoremoveunwantedair.Butthereweretwodangerstothediverinsidethe“hard-hatsuit”.Onewasthesuddenrisetothesurface,causedbyatoogreatsupplyofair.Theotherwasthecrushingofthebody,causedbyasuddendivingintodeepwater.Thesuddenrisetothesurfacecouldkillthediver;asuddendivecouldforcehisbodyupintothehelmet,whichcouldalsoresultindeath.

Graduallythe“hard-hatsuit”wasimprovedsothatthedivercouldbegivenaconstantsupplyofair.Thedivercouldthenmovearoundundertheoceanwithoutworryingabouttheairsupply.

Duringthe1940sdivingunderwaterwithoutaspecialsuitbecamepopular.Instead,diversusedabreathingdeviceandasmallcoveringmadeofrubberandglassoverpartsoftheface.Toimprovetheswimmer’sspeedanothernewinventionwasused：apieceofrubbershapedlikeagiantfoot,whichwasattachedtoeachofthediver’sownfeet.Themanufactureofrubberbreathingpipesmadeitpossiblefordiverstofloatonthesurfaceofthewater,observingthemarinelifeunderneaththem.Aspecialrubbersuitenabledthemtostayincoldwaterforlongperiods,collectingspecimensofanimalandvegetablelifethathadneverbeenobtainedinthepast.

Themostimportantadvance,however,wastheinventionofaself-containedunderwaterbreathingapparatus,whichiscalleda“scuba”.

InventedbytwoFrenchmen,JacquesCousteauandEmileGagnan,thescubaconsistsofamouth-piecejoinedtooneortwotanksofcompressedairwhichareattachedtothediver’sback.

Thescubamakesitpossibleforadiver-scientisttowork200feetunderwaterorevendeeperforseveralhours.Asaresult,scientistscannowmovearoundfreelyatgreatdepths,learningaboutthewondersofthesea.

1.Themainprogressmentionedinthispassagewas（

）.

2.AninventionofanItalianprofessor（

）.

3.Siebes’inventionwasnotaperfectone,because（

）.

4.Theword“scuba”is（

）.

问题1选项

A.anItalianprofessorinventedalargeairbag

B.meninventedthebestdivingdevices

C.anItalianpainterdesignedacompletedivingsuit

D.anairbag

问题2选项

A.workedoutverywell

B.can“clean”theair

C.inspiredlaterinventions

D.wasusedtoremovemoisture

问题3选项

A.toosmallasupplyofaircouldresultinasuddenrisetothesurface

B.asuddendiveintodeepwatercouldcausethecrushingofthebody

C.theairpipeattachedtoamachinecouldbeabovethesurface

D.bothAandB

问题4选项

A.acertaindiver’sname

B.anoriginalEnglishword

C.namedbytheinventor

D.anacronym

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据文中的单词“invented,developed,improved”以及“themostimportantadvance”可以知道，文章一直在阐述潜水装备的发展进程。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据“itgavelaterinventorstheidea”这一句得知选项C最符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第三句，“Butthereweretwodangers…Onewas…Theotherwas…,”选项B最符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“self-containedunderwaterbreathingapparatus”，可知scuda是首字母缩略词，选项D符合题意。

7.填空题

ThecommissionhasruledthatthedonationsbyBearwoodCorporateServiceswere“legaland_______”aftera14-monthinvestigation.(permit)

【答案】permissible

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】根据横线前的and，可知legal和横线处表示并列，所以横线处应为形容词，并且意思和legal对应，permissible意思为“（法律或规则）容许的，许可的”，符合语境。

【句意】经过14个月的调查后，委员会裁定认可贝尔斯登公司服务公司捐赠的合法性。

8.单选题

Parentshavealegal（）toensurethattheirchildrenareprovidedwithsufficienteducationsuitabletotheirage.

问题1选项

A.impulse

B.influence

C.obligation

D.sympathy

【答案】C

【解析】句意:父母要承担的法律义务是：要保证自己的小孩获得充分的适龄教育。

考查名词辨析。impulse冲动，心血来潮；influence影响；obligation义务，责任；sympathy同情（心）。根据to后面的目的可知C符合句意。

9.单选题

Scienceisanenterpriseconcernedwithgaininginformationaboutcausality,ortherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect.Asimpleexampleofacauseisthemovementofapaddleasitstrikesaping-pongball;theeffectisthemovementoftheballthroughtheair.Inpsychologyandothersciences,theword“cause”isoftenreplacedbytheterm“independentvariable”.Thistermimpliesthattheexperimenterisoften“free”tovarytheindependentvariableasheorshedesires(forexample,theexperimentercancontrolthespeedofthepaddleasitstrikestheball).Theterm“dependentvariable”replacestheword“effect”,andthistermisusedbecausetheeffectdependsonsomecharacteristicoftheindependentvariable(theflightoftheballdependsonthespeedofthepaddle).Theconventionsofsciencedemandthatboththeindependentanddependentvariablesbeobservableevents,asisthecaseintheping-pongexample.Inthecaseofbiorhythmtheory,theindependentvariableisthenumberofdaysthathaveelapsedbetweenaperson’sdateofbirthandsometestday.Thedependentvariableistheperson’slevelofperformanceonsomespecifiedtaskonthetestday.Noticethatalthoughtheexperimenterisnotfreetochooseabirthdayforagivenindividual,personswithdifferentdatesofbirthcanbetestedonthesameday,orasinglesubjectcanbetestedonseveraldifferentdays.

Inordertopredicttherelationshipbetweenindependentanddependentvariables,manyscientifictheoriesmakeuseofwhatarecalledinterveningvariables.Interveningvariablesarepurelytheoreticalconceptsthatcannotbeobserveddirectly.Topredicttheflightofaping-pongball,Newtonianphysicsreliesonanumberofinterveningvariables;includingforce,mass,airresistance,andgravity.Youcanprobablyanticipatethattheinterveningvariablesofbiorhythmtheoryarethethreebodilycycleswiththeirspecifiedtimeperiods.Itshouldbeemphasizedthatnotallpsychologicaltheoriesincludeinterveningvariables,andsomepsychologistsobjecttotheirusepreciselybecausetheyarenotdirectlyobservable.

Thefinalmajorcomponentofascientifictheoryisitssyntax,ortherulesanddefinitionsthatstatehowtheindependentanddependentvariablesaretobemeasured,andthatspecifytherelationshipsamongindependentvariables,interveningvariables,anddependentvariables.Itisthesyntaxofbiorhythmtheorythatdescribeshowtouseaperson’sbirthdaytocalculatethecurrentstatusofthethreecycles.Thesyntaxalsorelatesthecyclestothedependentvariable,performance,bystatingthatpositivecyclesshouldcausehighlevelsofperformancewhereasloworcriticalcyclesshouldcauselowperformancelevels.Tosummarize,thecomponentsofascientifictheorycanbedividedintofourmajorcategories:independentvariables,dependentvariables,interveningvariables,andsyntax.

1.Basedonthepassage,causalitymayhavethemeaningthat（

）.

2.Accordingtobiorhythmtheory,（

）.

3.Manytheoriesforpredictingtherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect（

）.

4.Theexampleoftheping-pongballisusedto（

）.

5.Theword“syntax”usedinthelastparagraphreferstothe（

）.

问题1选项

A.causeandeffectcanbeindependentofeachother

B.thereishardlyanythingthathappenswithoutacause

C.dependentandindependentvariablesaffecteachother

D.causeandeffectmayvaryrespectivelyinmostevents

问题2选项

A.one’sbehaviorcanbepredictedbyknowinghisorherbirthday

B.nobodycanchoosehisorherdateofbirthasheorshewishes

C.anindividual’sperformanceisirrelevanttohisorherbirthday

D.aperson’slevelofperformancevariesaccordingtothetestdate

问题3选项

A.testifytheircompleteconformitywithgeneralscientificprinciples

B.justifytheidentityofdependent,independent,andinterveningvariables

C.specifythetimeperiodsofbodilycyclesintermsofpsychologicaltests

D.verifytheirpredictionbyvariablesinconsistentwithconventionsofscience

问题4选项

A.indicateahardnuttocrackinphysics

B.predictvariablesinaperson’sperformance

C.proveacommonfeaturemosttheorieshave

D.showthenegligibilityofinterveningvariables

问题5选项

A.rulesusedfororderingandconnectingwordsinasentence

B.principlesdefiningtheconnectionsamongdifferentvariables

C.definitionsdescribingtheimpactofbiorhythmonone’sbehavior

D.criteriameasuringaperson’sperformancelevelswithbiorhythm

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第一句“Scienceisanenterpriseconcernedwithgaininginformationaboutcausality,ortherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect.”可知，causality指的是因果关系。选项B符合原文。

2.根据最后一段“Itisthesyntaxofbiorhythmtheorythatdescribeshowtouseaperson’sbirthdaytocalculatethecurrentstatusofthethreecycles.”生物节奏理论体系描述了如何使用一个人的生日来计算三个周期的当前状态。也就是说，一个人的行为可以通过知道他或她的生日来预测。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第二段的内容，为了预测自变量和因变量之间的关系，许多科学理论使用了所谓的介入变量。介入变量是不能直接观察到的纯理论概念。而在第一段有提及，科学的惯例要求自变量和因变量都是可观察到的事件。由此可以推断，许多预测因果关系的理论用不符合科学惯例的变量来验证他们的预测。选项D符合原文。

4.根据第一段“Theconventionsofsciencedemandthatboththeindependentanddependentvariablesbeobservableevents,asisthecaseintheping-pongexample.”科学的惯例要求自变量和因变量都是可观察到的事件，就比如乒乓球。作者用乒乓球的例子是想证明大多数理论都有一个共同的特点，那就是自变量和因变量都是可观察到的。选项C符合原文。

5.根据最后一段第一句，科学理论的最后一个主要组成部分是它的体系，或者说是描述如何测量自变量和因变量的规则和定义，以及详细说明自变量、介入变量和因变量之间的关系。选项B符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

10.单选题

Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigitalinformationthan________intraditionalmedia.

问题1选项

A.exist

B.exists

C.existing

D.toexist

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。than可以做定语从句的关系代词。在此用法中than既充当比较作用，又充当代词作用，代替前面的theuseandcopyingofdigitalinformation，主语是复数，谓语动词用原型，所以A选项正确。句意：这些提案寻求在数字信息的使用和复制上给予比在传统媒体的使用和复制上更多的限制。

11.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Therecentfindingofachangedgeneinobesemice.

B.Abreakthroughinunderstandinggenemodification.

C.Anewlydiscoveredwayforpeopletoloseweight.

D.Theself-repairingabilityofageneinobesemice.

问题2选项

A.Itrendersanorganismunabletofightdiseases.

B.Itpreventsthemice’sfattytissuesfromgrowing.

C.Ithelpsorganismsadapttoenvironmentalchanges.

D.Itrendersmiceunabletosensewhentostopeating.

问题3选项

A.Humanbeingshavemoreobesitygenesthanmostmicedo.

B.Halfofaperson’stotalweightvariationcanbecontrolled.

C.Peoplearebornwithatendencytohaveacertainweight.

D.Thefunctionoftheobesitygenesisyettobeexplored.

问题4选项

A.Theworseningofnaturalenvironment.

B.Theabundantprovisionofrichfoods.

C.Theacceleratedpaceofpresent-daylife.

D.Theadverseimpactofthefoodindustry.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】PassageTwo

[12]Publicinterestwasarousedbythelatestdiscoveryofachangedgeneinobesemice.ThenewswasmadeknownbyRockefellerUniversitygeneticistJeffreyFriedman.Theresearchersbelievethisgeneinfluencesdevelopmentofahormonethattellsorganismhowfatorfullitis.[13]Thosewiththechangedgenemaynotsensewhentheyhaveeatenenoughoriftheyhavesufficientfattytissue,andthuscan’ttellwhentostopeating.

Theresearchersalsoreportedfindingagenenearlyidenticaltothemouseobesitygeneinhumans.Theoperationofthisgeneinhumanshasnotyetbeendemonstrated,however.[14]Still,professionalslikeUniversityofVermontpsychologistEstherRothblumreactedenthusiastically,“Thisresearchindicatesthatpeoplereallyarebornwithatendencytohaveacertainweight,justastheyaretohaveaparticularskincolororheight.”

Actually,behavioralgeneticists