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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京政法职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational(

)areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.

问题1选项

A.requirement

B.dominance

C.prerequisite

D.priority

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项requirement“所需的东西,必要条件”;B选项dominance“支配,控制”;C选项prerequisite“先决条件,前提”;D选项priority“优先事项,首要事情,优先”。由Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational_______areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.(大多数国家强调消除暴力,特别是家庭暴力,作为国家犯罪预防政策的______领域)可知D选项符合语境。句意:大多数国家强调消除暴力,特别是家庭暴力,作为国家犯罪预防政策的优先领域。

2.单选题

GeorgeWashington().

问题1选项

A.alwayswillandalwayshasbeenanAmericanhero

B.alwayshasandalwayswillanAmericanhero

C.alwayshasandalwayswillbeanAmericanhero

D.alwayshasbeenandalwayswillbeanAmericanhero

【答案】D

【解析】考查现在完成时态和一般将来时态的用法。在现在完成时态中,如果谓语中有名词短语时,此时要借助been来一起组成其谓语成分,即have/hasbeen+名词短语;在一般将来时态中,如果谓语动词中有名词短语,此时要借助be来一起组成其谓语成分,即be+名词短语。所以选项D正确。句意:GeorgeWashington一直都是一位美国英雄,并将永远是。

3.单选题

Itwasashrewdmove____tobuythehousejustbeforepropertypricesstartedtorise.

问题1选项

A.onherpart

B.athand

C.atherexpense

D.onrecord

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.onherpart在她那方面B.athand在附近;在手边

C.atherexpense由她付钱D.onrecord记录在案的;公开发表的

【答案】A

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】前文内容为“这是一个精明的举动”,空格处所填短语修饰的是这句话;原句中it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式“在房价刚开始上涨时就买这所房子”这个举动。A选项onherpart“在她那方面”符合原句语义衔接,即从她的角度来看,这是一个精明的举动。

【干扰项排除】

B选项athand“在附近;在手边”,不符合原句语义衔接;

C选项atherexpense“由她付钱”,修饰的是“买房子”,应置于tobuythehouse的后面,而题干空格处位于tobuythehouse之前;

D选项onrecord“记录在案的;公开发表的”,不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】她在房价刚开始上涨时就买了这所房子,真是精明之举。

4.单选题

Thenumberofstay-at-homefathersreachedarecordhighlastyear,newfiguresshow,asfamiliessawa(n)________infemalebreadwinners.

问题1选项

A.raise

B.rise

C.arise

D.increase

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义词辨析。由前后得知空白处需要填一个可数名词。作名词时,raise“提高,升”,表示某事物升了级别;rise“上升,增加”通常指数量增加或水平提高,为不可数名词;arise没有名词用法;increase“增加,增加额”,指大小和强度增加。句意:新的数据显示,因为家庭中挣钱女性人数的增加,去年全职爸爸的数量达到了历史新高。因此只有D选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Inanenvironmentallyconscioustweakonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable,growingnumbersofpeopleareskippingoutongrocerystoresandevenfarmersmarketsandinsteadgoingrighttothesourcebybuyingsharesoffarms.

Ononeofthefarms,hereabout35mileswestofChicago,SteveTriskowasweedingbeetstheotherdayandcuttingbackashadetreesobabytomatoescouldgetsunlight.Mr.Triskoisaretiredcomputerconsultantwhoownssharesinthefour-acreErehwonFarm.

“Wedecidedthatit’sinourinteresttohaveasmallfarmsucceed,andhavethembeabletohaveasustainablefarmproducinggoodfood,”Mr.Triskosaid.

PartofaloosebutgrowingnetworkmostlymobilizedontheInternet,Erehwonisparticipatinginwhatisknownascommunity-supportedagriculture.About150peoplehaveboughtsharesinErehwon—inessence,hiringpersonalfarmersandturningtheoldnotionofsharecroppingonitshead.

TheconceptwasimportedfromEuropeandAsiainthe1980sasanalternativemarketingandfinancingarrangementtohelpcombattheoftenprohibitivecostsofsmall-scalefarming.Butuntilrecently,itwasslowtotakeroot.Therewerefewerthan100suchfarmsintheearly1990s,butinthelastseveralyearsthenumbershavegrowntocloseto1,500,accordingtoacademicexpertswhohavefollowedthetrend.

“Ithinkpeoplearebecomingmorelocal-minded,andthisfitsrightintothat,”saidNicholeD.Nazelrod,programcoordinatorattheFultonCenterforSustainableLivingatWilsonCollegeinChambersburg,Pa.,anationalclearinghouseforcommunity-supportedfarms.“Peopleareseeingwaystocometogetherandworktogethertomakethissuccessful.”

TheshareholdersofErehwonFarmhaveopenaccesstothelandandaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetablesforpackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900.Arrangementsoffresh-cutblossomstwiceamonthcanbeincludedforanextra$120—orforthedeluxepackage,$220will“feedthesoul”withweeklybouquetsofliliesandsunflowersandotherlocalblooms.

Shareholdersarenotrequiredtoworkthefields,buttheycaniftheywant,andmanydo.Mr.Triskosaidhisfamilyknowsthatwithouthisvolunteerlaborandagreementtoshareinthefinancialriskofraisingcrops,thesmallorganicfarmmightnotsurvive.“It’sveryhardforthemtomakeendsmeet,”hesaid,“soIdecidedtogooutandhelp.Weharvest,water,pullweeds,whatevertheyneeddoing.”

Erehwon—theword“nowhere”spelledbackward—startedwithtwoshareholders,reacheditsgoalof140lastyear,andnowhasraiseditstargettoabout200members.

1.Accordingtothepassage,growingnumbersofpeoplebuysharesoffarmsbecausethey().

2.ErehwonFarmdiffersfromthetraditionalfarmsinthatitis().

3.Wemayinferfromthepassagethatcommunity-sponsoredfarm().

4.TheaverageshareholdersofErehwonFarmareentitledto().

5.ItisimpliedthatErehwonFarm().

问题1选项

A.areconsciousofenvironmentalproblems

B.abandonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable

C.nolongerdependongrocerystoresandfarmersmarkets

D.liketogrowvegetablesthemselvesinthesuburbanfarms

问题2选项

A.verysmall

B.veryefficient

C.community-supportedagriculture

D.sharedbypeoplefromdifferentplaces

问题3选项

A.isanewconceptemergingintheU.S.A

B.hastocombatwithsmall-scalefarming

C.isgraduallytakingshapeinAmericanagriculture

D.isverypopularasboomingagricultureintheU.S.A

问题4选项

A.cometogetherandworktogetheronthefarm

B.getaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetables

C.enjoypackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900

D.buy$120-$220fresh-cutblossomstwiceamonth

问题5选项

A.comesfromthebackwardspelledword“nowhere”

B.isafictionalnameandthereisnosuchafarmintheU.S.A

C.it’sveryhardtosurviveowingtoitssmallsize

D.developssoundly,inspiteofitsfinancialdifficulties

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一自然段的内容“环保意识改变了将食物端上桌的传统方式,相反,越来越多的人转向了杂货店甚至农贸市场,通过购买农场的股份来直接获取来源。”由此可知,越来越多的人买农场股份是受到环保意识的影响,所以选项A正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第四段第一句“PartofaloosebutgrowingnetworkmostlymobilizedontheInternet,Erehwonisparticipatinginwhatisknownascommunity-supportedagriculture.Erehwon是松散却不断壮大的网络的一部分,主要通过互联网动员起来,他参与的是所谓的社区支持农业。”以及本段最后一句“inessence,hiringpersonalfarmersandturningtheoldnotionofsharecroppingonitshead.从本质上说,就是雇佣私人农场主,颠覆旧的佃农制度。”由此可知,Erehwon农场和传统农场的不同之处在于它是社区支持的农业,选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据原文第五段第一句“TheconceptwasimportedfromEuropeandAsiainthe1980sasanalternativemarketingandfinancingarrangementtohelpcombattheoftenprohibitivecostsofsmall-scalefarming.这一概念是在20世纪80年代从欧洲和亚洲引进的,作为一种替代性的销售和筹资安排,来帮助克服小规模农业通常高昂的费用。”由此可知,这不是一个新的概念,而且是来帮助而不是来和小规模农场竞争的,所以选项A和选项B均表述错误;根据本段第二句“Butuntilrecently,itwasslowtotakeroot.但直到最近,它才慢慢生根发芽”可知,这一概念刚刚生根发芽,还没有初步成形,所以选项C错误;根据本段最后一句的内容可知,像Erehwon这样的农场由以前的不到100家到现在增长到接近1500家,说明社区支持的农业在美国蓬勃发展的农业非常受欢迎。所以选项D符合原文。

4.判断推理题。根据倒数第三段的第一句“TheshareholdersofErehwonFarmhaveopenaccesstothelandandaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetablesforpackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900.ErehwonFarm的股东可以自由使用土地,并保证获得当季水果和蔬菜收成的一定比例,金额从300美元到900美元不等。”由此可知,选项B符合原文。选项A目前还没有实现;选项C曲解了原文的意思;选项D不是普通股东享有的权利,所以只有选项B正确。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段首句“Erehwon—theword“nowhere”spelledbackward…Erehwon这个词是由‘nowhere’倒着写的”,由此可知,选项A符合原文。选项B在文中没有信息提及;根据倒数第二段的内容可知,Erehwon农场不是由于规模小而无法生存,属于曲解原文句意,所以选项C不正确;原文也没有提及财政问题,所以选项D也不正确。

6.翻译题

一九七八年,我们党召开具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会,开启了改革开放历史新时期。从那时以来,中国共产党人和中国人民以一往无前的进取精神和波澜壮阔的创新实践,谱写了中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的壮丽史诗,中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌发生了历史性变化。改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命,目的就是要解放和发展社会生产力,实现国家现代化,让中国人民富裕起来,振兴伟大的中华民族。

【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.

7.单选题

Itisa()_truththatmanistheonlyanimalthathasthepowertospeakandreason.

问题1选项

A.corporate

B.virtual

C.universal

D.indefinite

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项corporate“法人的,共同的”。B选项virtual“虚拟的”。C选项universal“普遍的,全世界的”。D选项indefinite“不确定的,无限的”。句意:人类是唯一具有说话和推理能力的动物,这是一个公认的事实。本句表示“人类是仅有的具有说话和推理能力的动物,这是一个普遍公认的事实。”因此C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

9.

问题1选项

A.Quitsmoking.

B.Gojoggingeverymorning.

C.Workoutinthegym.

D.Goonadiet.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whydon’tyoutrysmokingonecigarettelesseachday,aswellasgoingjoggingeverymorning?

M:Goodidea,butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice.I’msuretrainersatthegymwouldbeabletogivememoreprofessionaladvice.

W:Thatsoundsgood.Thereisonenearmycompany.Iamitsregularmember.

M:Really?Iwillgointohavealook.

Q:Whatisthemanmostlikelytodo?

【解析】细节题。男士说:butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice(但我不想在街上慢跑,跑步机可能是更好的选择),后来决定去健身房找专业人士咨询。

9.单选题

Theyarewell()witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedatthesameuniversity.

问题1选项

A.identified

B.recognized

C.acquainted

D.acknowledged

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。beidentifiedwith表示“支持;与……有密切相关”;recognize表示“承认,认可”,常与as构成固定搭配berecognizedas表示“被认为,被当作”,有时也与with构成搭配berecognizedwith表示“被识别出,被承认”;beacquaintedwith表示“了解;知晓(某事);熟悉”,beacknowledgedwith表示“被承认,被认可”。根据句意可知,因为他们曾经在同所大学中学习过,所以彼此很熟悉。此时since引导原因状语从句,因此,只有C项最符合固定搭配以及句意,故本题正确答案为C选项。

10.单选题

Thepublicisvery(

)aboutthegovernment’splansforataxcut.

问题1选项

A.susceptible

B.dubious

C.suspicious

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】意:公众不太相信政府的减税计划。

形容词辨析。Susceptible易受影响的;dubious可疑的,怀疑的,后接about;suspicious可疑的,多疑的,后接of;deliberate故意的。因此无论从句意还是从搭配上,B项正确。

11.单选题

AbustookhimtotheWestEnd,where,amongthecrazycoloredfountainsofillumination,shatteringtheblueduskwithgreenandcrimsonfire,hefoundthecaféofhischoice,atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots,behindthethousandwaitressesandcash-boxgirlsandblack-coatedfloormanagersandtemperamentallong-hairedviolinists,behindthemoundsofcauldronsofstewedsteak,thevanloadsofices,wereafewmenwhowenttoworkjugglingwithfractionsofafarming,whoknewhowmanyunitsofelectricityittooktofinishasteak-and-kidneypuddingandhowmanyminutesandsecondsawaitress(fivefeetfourinheightandinaveragehealth)wouldneedtocarryatrayofgivenweightfromthekitchenlifetothetableinthefarcomer.Inshort,therewasawarm,sensuous,vulgarlifefloweringintheupperstoreys,andacoldscienceworkinginthebasement.Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.

Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor,whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls,scentedair,thesensuousclamorofthestrings;and,ashestoodhesitatingamoment,halfdazed,therecame,bowing,asleekgraveman,olderthanhewasandfarmoredistinguishedthanhecouldeverhopetobe,whomurmureddeferentially:“Forone,sir?Thisway,please,”Shyly,yetproudly,Turgisfollowedhim.

1.That“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”suggeststhat().

2.Thefollowingwordsorphrasesaresomewhatcriticalofthetea-shopEXCEPT().

3.Initscontextthestatementthat“theplacewasbuiltforhim”meansthatthecaféwasintendedto().

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondparagraphisNOTtrue?

5.ThefollowingarecomparisonsmadebytheauthorinthesecondparagraphEXCEPTthat().

问题1选项

A.modernrealisticcommercialismexistedbehindtheluxuriousappearance

B.therewasafundamentalfalsenessinthestyleandtheappealofthecafé

C.thearchitecthadmadeasensibleblendofoldandnewbuildingmaterials

D.thecaféwasbasedonphysicalfoundationsandrealeconomicstrength

问题2选项

A.“...turnedBabylonian”

B.“perhapsanewbarbarism”

C.“acresofwhitenapery”

D.“balancedtothelasthalfpenny”

问题3选项

A.pleasesimplepeopleinasimpleway

B.exploitgulliblepeoplelikehim

C.satisfyademandthatalreadyexisted

D.providerelaxationfortiredyoungmen

问题4选项

A.Thecaféappealedtomostsensessimultaneously.

B.Thecaféwasbothfullofpeopleandfullofwarmth.

C.Theinsideofthecaféwascontrastedwiththeweatheroutside.

D.Itstressedthecommercialdeterminationofthecaféowners.

问题5选项

A.theentrancehalliscomparedtoarailwaystation

B.theorchestraiscomparedtoamagnet

C.Turgiswelcomedtheliftlikeaconqueringsoldier

D.theinteriorofthecaféiscomparedtowarmcountries

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干:“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”,代表着_________。由引号部分的内容,可以定位到文章第一段第三句话Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.(它像城堡一样高耸于其他建筑之上,确实是一个新时代的前哨,也许是一种新的文明,也许是一种新的野蛮;在薄大理石的后面是混凝土和钢铁,就像在奢侈的背后是数百万便士,平衡到最后的半便士。)。根据上下文,it指代的是上文的awhitepalace.“justas”引导一个比较状语从句,把“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”与“behindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny”进行比较。采用了象征的手法,“thinmarblefront”象征着外貌浮华,实则脆弱,“concreteandsteel”,象征着本质现实,与商业无差。所以我们可以得出选项A“奢华外表的背后是现代现实主义的商业主义”,符合题意。B选项“咖啡馆的风格和魅力存在一个基本的虚伪”和D选项“咖啡馆是基于物理基础和真实的经济实力”,都是在说咖啡馆的特征,故不符合题意。C选项“建筑师将新旧建筑材料合理地混合在一起”,此处不是在讲建筑材料,而是通过建筑材料引申出更深刻的含义,故C选项错误。综上所述,本题的正确答案是A选项。

2.推理判断题。题干:以下单词除了______,都是在批判茶馆。A选项的单词可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.(一家已经疯了,变了样的茶馆。巴比伦,一座有万盏灯的白色宫殿),Babylonian用于限定茶馆,是一处用典,表示罪恶的、富丽的与critical意义一致,故排除A选项。B选项的单词可以定位到文章第一段第三句话Ittoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;(它像城堡一样高耸于其他建筑之上,确实是一个新时代的前哨,也许是一种新的文明,也许是一种新的野蛮),此处barbarism和civilization是对比关系,仅表达中性价值,故B选项错误。C选项的单词定位到文章第一段第四句Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots(在背后的某个地方,隐藏在万盏灯、大片的白色桌布和一排排令人眼花缭乱的闪闪发光的茶壶后面),此处体现了铺张浪费,表达作者的批评,故排除C选项。D选项的单词可以定位到文章第一段第三句话justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.(就像在奢侈的背后是数百万便士,平衡到最后的半便士。),此处象征着奢华外表的背后是现代现实主义的商业主义,也是批判的含义,故排除。综上所述,本题的正确答案是B选项。

3.事实细节题。题干:文中的“theplacewasbuiltforhim”意味着咖啡馆的目的是________。根据题干定位到第一段最后两句话Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.(比如Turgis建造的巨大的茶馆,不仅仅是为了寻找茶点,而是为了寻找所有不熟悉的奢侈品的魅力。也许他心里知道,人类已经征服了半个已知的世界,掠夺了整个王国,却从未有过这样的奢侈。这地方是为他建造的),咖啡馆的性质是它富丽堂皇,铺张浪费如宫殿,商业性强。本文全文都是对他的批判。A选项“以简单的方式愉悦人们”,咖啡馆并不简单,而是奢侈,所以A选项不正确。B选项“利用像他这样容易上当的人”,符合题目对咖啡馆批判的性质,故B选项符合题意。C选项“满足已经存在的需求”,和D选项“为疲惫的年轻人提供放松”,在文中并未提及。综上所述,本题的正确答案是B选项。

4.推理判断题。题干:以下关于第二段的陈述,不正确的是?文章第二段提到当走到咖啡馆内部时,分别从视觉,嗅觉,听觉的方面描述了内部的情景,所以A选项“咖啡馆同时吸引了大多数感官”,符合题意。B选项“咖啡馆既充满了人,又充满了温暖”,第二段并没有提及咖啡馆里面有没有人,而温暖也是由于其奢侈的装修带来的视觉感受,是一种讽刺,所以B选项不正确。第二段第三句话Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.(整个11月,街道上的阴暗、污浊和空气都立刻被抛在脑后,遗忘了。屋里的气氛是金黄的、热带的,像是糖果店的盛夏时节。),可知,C选项“咖啡馆的内部与外面的天气形成了鲜明的对比”,正确。通过第二段整个的描述,都是在说咖啡馆内部的奢华,故D选项“它强调了咖啡馆老板的商业决心”,也是正确的。综上所述,本题的正确答案是B选项。

5.事实细节题。题干:以下是作者在第二段所做的类比,除了_________。由题干定位到文章第二段第一句话Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.(它还为许多其他的人建造,像往常一样,他们都在那里。这似乎是人性的表现。大理石门厅里堆满了令人眼花缭乱的糖果和蛋糕,拥挤得像火车站一样。),可知A选项“入口大厅被比作一个火车站”,是作者做的比较,排除A选项。文章第二段第五句话whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls(一个年轻的犹太小提琴家带领着一支管弦乐队,他有着明亮的眼睛,对颤音的热情,像磁铁一样吸引着无数女孩),可知B选项“管弦乐队被比作一块磁铁”,也是作者用的比喻,排除B选项。由文章第二段第四句话theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery(里面的气氛是金黄色的,充满了热带气息,像是糖果店的盛夏时节),可知D选项“咖啡馆的内部被比作温暖的国家”,也是作者的比喻,故排除D选项。由第二段第五句话Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor(Turgis对电梯不屑一顾,他再一次为这一切的景象、声音和气味而兴奋,爬上宽大的楼梯,一直走到他最喜欢的楼层),可知B选项“Turgis像一名胜利的士兵一样欢迎电梯的到来”,不正确。综上所述,本题的正确答案是B选项。

12.单选题

Theideathathardworkwastobe______distinguishedAmericansfromEuropeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure.

问题1选项

A.inversed

B.esteemed

C.exclaimed

D.hoarded

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项inverse“使倒转,使颠倒”,B项esteem“尊敬,尊重”,C项exclaim“呼喊,惊叫,大声叫嚷”,D项hoard“贮藏(钱财或贵重物品),(在某物匮乏时)积敛”。由Europeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure“欧洲人羡慕美国悠闲的绅士”可推理,美国人悠闲,而欧洲人重视努力工作。句意:努力工作是受人尊敬的观念使美国人和欧洲人区别开来,欧洲人羡慕他们悠闲的绅士。因此,该题选择B项正确。

13.单选题

Amongthe74citiesmonitoredforairqualitystandards,thelevelofPM2.5fellby11.1%()in2014,butonly8metthenationalstandardforcleanair,theMinistryofEnvironmentalProtectionsaidFriday.

问题1选项

A.inconsequence

B.atallcosts

C.onaverage

D.intheextreme

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。A选项inconsequence表示“因此,结果”,B选项atallcosts表示“无论如何,不惜一切代价”,C选项onaverage表示“平均,普通,通常”,D选项intheextreme表示“非常,极度”。由句意可知,在进行空气质量标准监测的74个城市中,2014年PM2.5水平()下降了11.1%,所以只有C选项词义最符合原文句意,故本题正确答案为C选项。

14.单选题

Thatscientistisnottoohappywiththeproject,and()arehersupervisors.

问题1选项

A.either

B.neither

C.so

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】句意:那位科学家对这个项目不太满意,她的主管也不太满意。两者都不用neither。

15.单选题

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoilthebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthatinturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

问题1选项

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.

问题2选项

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

问题3选项

A.Railwayworkers.

B.Farmers.

C.Europeans.

D.Citydwellers.

问题4选项

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?文章主要讨论了什么?

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.A.美国铁路的历史。

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.B.美国主要的工业中心。

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.C.影响美国工业化的因素。

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.D.19世纪农业的作用。

【答案】C

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】第一段讲了美国用以发展重工业的自然资源非常丰富(tremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry),第二段讲到铁路对工业化的重要发展作用(movementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads),第三段讲到工业化期间出现了新的工业生产方式(emergingmodesofproduction),第四段讲到美国工业化期间的劳动力(Thelaborthatrant

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