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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州大学押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Ifyou

thinkyoucandomyjobbetterthanican,youarewelcometo().

问题1选项

A.takeitdown

B.takeitup

C.takeitover

D.takeitin

【答案】C

【解析】takedown指记录;takeup指从事;takeover指接管;takein指理解。句意:如果你觉得能比我做得好,欢迎替我来做。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Itistruethat(

)awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

问题1选项

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generation

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。multiply意为“乘”;breed意为“饲养,培育(动植物)”;magnify意为“放大”;generation作名词时,意为“产生,繁殖”。

句意:将野生植物培育成小麦等主要粮食作物需要进行大量的研究,这一点是千真万确的。

3.翻译题

中国发展离不开世界,世界的发展需要中国。这里我重申,中国的对外开放是长期的、全面的、互利的,中国坚持对外开放的基本国策决不会改变。我们将继续积极参与经济全球化的进程,推动建设公正合理的国际贸易体系和金融体制。我们将继续完善涉外经济法律法规和政策,使中国的投资环境变得更加规范、更加透明、更加有利于各类企业投资兴业。

【答案】答:

ChinacannotdevelopitselfinisolationfromtheworldandtheworldalsoneedsChinaforitsdevelopment.Here,IwishtoreiteratethatChina’sopening-uptotheoutsideworldisalong-termcommitmentwhichcoversallfieldsandismutuallybeneficial.China’sbasicstatepolicyofopening-upwillneverchange.Wewillcontinuetogetactivelyinvolvedineconomicglobalizationandworktobuildafairandequitableinternationaltradingregimeandfinancialsystem.Wewillcontinuetoimproveforeign-relatedeconomiclaws,regulationsandpoliciessoastomakeChina’sinvestmentenvironmentinkeepingwithinternationalstandard,transparentandmorebusinessfriendly.

4.单选题

Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered()ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

问题1选项

A.indistinctly

B.indefinitely

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】indistinctly朦胧地;indefinitely无限地,不明确地;irrelevantly不相干地;independently独立地。根据句意可知应填入与inseparable相反的词,选项D符合语境。

5.单选题

Acompleteinvestigationintothecausesoftheaccidentshouldleadtoimprovedstandardsandshould(

)newoperatingprocedures.

问题1选项

A.resultin

B.matchwith

C.subjectto

D.proceedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。resultin意为“引起,导致”;matchwith意为“与……相配,与……一致”;

subjectto意为“使服从,使遭受”;proceedwith意为“继续做……”。

句意:对事故原因进行全面调查会导致标准改善和操作新程序的产生。

6.单选题

Abudgetoffivedollarsadayistotally______foratriproundEurope.

问题1选项

A.inadequate

B.incapable

C.incompatible

D.invalid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inadequate“不足够的,不充分的”;B选项incapable“无能力的,不能的”;C选项incompatible“不相容的”;D选项invalid“无效的”。根据四个选项及题干的意思可知A选项符合语义。句意:一天五美元的预算完全不足以作一次欧洲之旅。

7.单选题

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Abilitiesofhumanbabies.

B.Adults’influenceonchildren.

C.Cognitivefeaturesofdifferentnewlybornmammals.

D.Similaritiesbetweenhumanbabiesandbabyanimals.

问题2选项

A.Theylovehappymelodiesmorethansadones.

B.Theyfallasleepeasilywhilelisteningtomusic.

C.Theyarealreadysensitivetobeatsandrhythms.

D.Theycandistinguishahappytunefromasadone.

问题3选项

A.Babies’emotions.

B.Infants’behaviors.

C.Babies’interactionwithadults.

D.Infants’facialexpressions.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Inlastweek’slecture,wediscussedthecharacteristicsofthenewlybornoffspringofseveralmammals.Youprobablyrememberthathumaninfantsarelessdevelopedphysicallythanothermammalsofthesameage.[19]Butintoday’slecture,we’lllookatthreeveryinterestingstudiesthathintatthesurprisingabilitiesofhumanbabies.

Inthefirststudy,3-year-oldswatchtwovideosshownsidebyside,eachfeaturingadifferentresearcher,oneofwhomthey’dmetonce,twoyearsearlier.Thechildrenspentlongerwatchingthevideoshowingtheresearchertheyhadn’tmet.Thisisconsistentwithyoungchildren’susualtendencytolooklongeratthingsthataren’tfamiliar.Andreallythisisamazing!Itsuggeststhechildrenrememberedtheresearcherthey’dmetjustonetimewhentheywereonlyone-year-olds.Ofcourse,asmostofusforgetmemoriesfromourfirstfewyearsaswegrowolder,theseearlylong-termmemorieswilllikelybelostinsubsequentyears.

Oursecondstudyisaboutmusic.Forthisstudyresearchersplayedmusictobabiesthroughspeakerslocatedoneithersideofahumanface.Theywaiteduntilthebabiesgotboredandinvertedtheirgazefromtheface.Andthentheychangedthemoodofthemusic—eitherfromsadtohappy,ortheotherwayaround.Thismoodswitchmadenodifferencetothe3-month-olds,butforthe9-month-oldsitwasenoughtorenewtheirinterestandtheystartedlookingagaininthedirectionoftheface.[20]Thissuggeststhatbabiesofthatagecantellthedifferencebetweenahappymelodyandasadtune.

Ourfinalstudyisfrom1980,butit’sstillrelevanttoday.[21]Infact,it’soneofthemostfamouspiecesofresearchaboutinfantemotioneverpublished.Thestudyinvolvedordinaryadultswatchingvideoclipsofbabies9-monthoryounger.Inthevideoclips,thebabiesmadevariousfacialexpressionsinresponsetoreallifeevents,includingplayfulinteractionsandpainfulones.Theadultobserverswereabletoreliablydiscernanassortmentofemotionsonthebabies,faces.Theseemotionsincludedinterest,joy,surprise,sadness,anger,disgust,contempt,andfear.

Nextweek,we’llbelookingatthislaststudymoreclosely.Infact,wewillbeviewingsomeofthevideoclipsfromthatstudy.Andtogether,seehowwellwedoindiscerningthebabies’emotions.

19.Whatarethethreeinterestingstudiesabout?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问这三项有趣的研究是关于什么的?录音开头提到“在今天的讲座中,我们将看到三个非常有趣的研究,它们暗示了人类婴儿惊人的能力(abilitiesofhumanbabies)”,因此A选项“人类婴儿的能力”正确。B选项“成年人对儿童的影响”,三个研究虽有成年人参与,但这些研究并不是研究成年人对儿童的影响,因此B选项不正确;C选项“不同新生哺乳动物在认知方面的特征”是上周的讲座所讨论的内容,而不是本周;D选项“人类婴儿和动物婴儿之间的相似之处”,录音中未提及相关信息。

20.Whatdoesthesecondstudyfindabout9-month-oldbabies?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于9个月大的婴儿,第二项研究有什么发现?在第二项研究中,提到音乐氛围的变化对3个月大的婴儿没有影响,但对于9个月大的婴儿来说,这足以重新引起他们的兴趣,这表明该年龄段的婴儿能够区分快乐的旋律和悲伤的旋律。因此D选项“他们能分辨出快乐的曲调和悲伤的曲调”符合原文。A选项“他们喜欢快乐的旋律胜过悲伤的旋律”和B选项“他们听音乐时很容易睡着”在录音中没有信息提及;C选项“他们对节拍和节奏已经很敏感了”。beatsandrhythms在录音中并未出现,因此C选项可排除。

21.Whatisthe1980studyabout?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问1980年那项研究是关于什么的?录音中提到,该项研究是迄今为止发表的关于婴儿情绪(infantemotion)的最著名的研究之一,因此A选项“婴儿的情绪”正确。B选项“婴儿的行为”并没有提及;C选项“婴儿和成人的互动”,利用录音的playfulinteractions设干扰,但录音是说婴儿看到playfulinteractions时脸部的表情,不是婴儿自己的interactions,因此C选项不正确;D选项“婴儿的面部表情”是最具有干扰性的一项。事实上,facialexpressions在这项研究中很重要,但这是为研究婴儿情绪服务的,因此D选项不选。

8.单选题

Duringtheirfirstteachingtrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolforthe()oflessons.

问题1选项

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项observation“观察,监视”;B选项investigation“调查;研究”;C选项inspection“检查;视察”;D选项examination“检查;考试”。句意:在他们教师培训的第一年,学生们会经常去当地学校……课程。根据句中teachingtraining教师培训,学生身份会与认真观察这一名词更加相配,examination主要是为减少错误而进行检查。故选A。

9.单选题

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.

Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector().

2.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas().

3.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay().

4.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould().

5.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay().

问题1选项

A.hasattractedmuchattention

B.involvescertainpoliticalfactors

C.shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

D.haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

问题2选项

A.increaseditshomesupply

B.offeredspendingopportunities

C.sufferedgovernmentbiases

D.disappointedthegovernment

问题3选项

A.allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

B.stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

C.preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

D.releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast

问题4选项

A.lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

B.lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference

C.contributetofundingnewdevelopments

D.relievetheministersofresponsibilities

问题5选项

A.implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

B.reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

C.renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

D.stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到文章第二段最后一句“Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.”但或许最重要的原因是,这个问题一直以来都带有浓厚的政治色彩。由此可知B选项involvescertainpoliticalfactors涉及某些政治因素符合题意。

2.细节事实题。定位到文章第四段“Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.”它需要把历史偏见放在一边,采取一些措施来解决我们迫切的住房需求。由此可知C选项sufferedgovernmentbiases遭受政府偏见符合题意。

3.细节事实题。定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.”部长唐福斯特暗示,财政大臣乔治奥斯本可能会对地方政府现有的住房债务上限引入更多的灵活性。由此可知A选项allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing允许政府增加住房债务符合题意。

4.推理判断题。定位到文章第六段“Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.”部长们还应着眼于在租赁环境中创造更大的确定性,这将对已注册供应商从收入中为新开发项目提供资金的能力产生重大影响。由此可知C选项正确。

5.细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.”尽管这些措施在短期内会受到欢迎,但我们必须正视这样一个事实:将于2015年到期的、为新保障性住房提供资金的现有45亿英镑资助计划,不太可能在2015年之后延长。以及文章最后提到的“Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate(我们需要适应这个正在变化的情形)”,thisclimate指的也是政府将不会提供大规模拨款,由此可知D选项正确。

10.单选题

Itwasshamefulthattheargument(

)ahandfight..

问题1选项

A.endedin

B.cameto

C.endedup

D.culminatedin

【答案】D

【解析】句意:争论以大打出手而告终真是可耻。

短语辨析。endin以…告终;cometo苏醒,发生;endup最后成了……;culminatein以……告终,但强调以高潮结朿.由题干关键信息大打出手判断D最符合。

11.单选题

Ifyoupushhardontheworld,theworldwillpushbackonyou;ifyoutouchtheworldgently,theworldwilltouchyou().

问题1选项

A.inreturn

B.inthelongrun

C.inturn

D.inplace

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组。A:inreturn“反过来”;B:inthelongrun“从长远来看”;C:inturn“依次;轮流”;D:inplace“在对的位置;适当的”。句意:如果你在这个世界上努力的话,世界会对你施加压力;如果你对世界温柔,那么世界也会同样待你。句子前后结构一致,可知A符合语境,为正确答案。

12.单选题

Therewasa()dropinsupportfortheUnioninthe1974election.

问题1选项

A.delicate

B.distinct

C.distant

D.downward

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项delicate“微妙的”;B选项distinct“明显的”;C选项distant“冷漠的”;D选项downward“向下的”。句意:在1974年的选举中,支持联邦的人数明显下降。本句表示支持率明显下降,因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundcomersunless()todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.

问题1选项

A.made

B.beingmade

C.havingmade

D.tobemade

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构,可知unless引导条件状语从句,主语为abeamoflight和make之间存在被动关系,选项C可排除。又因为题目中描述的情况为客观事实,所以选用一般现在时态,选项B和D可排除。选用非谓语动词made表被动即可。句意:一束光只有在反射仪器的帮助下才能弯成圆角。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Aftertherecentscandalthepriestisexpectedtodothe()thingandresignfromhisposition.

问题1选项

A.reticent

B.decent

C.innocent

D.descent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。reticent“沉默的;有保留的”;decent“正派的,得体的”;innocent“无辜的,清白的”;descent“除去……的气味”。句意:在最近的丑闻过后,这个神父希望能做一些正派的事情来挽回自己的位置。选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

“Doyouthink______Ishouldattendthelecture?”sheaskedme.

问题1选项

A.that

B.whether

C.if

D.when

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查宾语从句。句意:“你认为我应该去听讲座吗?”她问我。Ishouldattendthelecture作think的宾语从句,引导词用that,A选项that符合题意。B选项whether和C选项if“是否”词义和前面疑问词do重复;如果要用D选项when,就要改成whendoyouthink。因此A选项正确。

16.单选题

FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics()inturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.

问题1选项

A.ofwhich

B.fromwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich

【答案】B

【解析】句意:从基督教和西方的野蛮王国中出现了中世纪政治的形态,而从该形态中又依次演变出了我们现代世界的政治形态。

语法题。考查从句引导词。空格后是一个定语从句。前面的主句中,FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewest是地点状语,因此在定语从句中,fromwhich作状语与前面的from形成对应,evolved作谓语,thepoliticsofourmodernworld作主语。

17.单选题

1.

问题1选项

A.Themanisbusy.

B.Themanhastroublebreathing.

C.Themanisoutoftownonbusiness.

D.Themanishidinghimselffromthewoman.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Idon’tseemuchofyouthesedays,wherehaveyoubeen?

M:Iamworkingonabigproject.Idon’tevenhavetimetobreath.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

【解析】推断题。男士说:Idon’tevenhavetimetobreath(我甚至没时间呼吸),由此推测他很忙。

18.单选题

V.(ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw)

IwishtotakeasmysubjectJusticeScalia’s1988TaftLecture,Originalism:TheLesserEvil.Thepublishedversionofthislecturehashadanenormousinfluence.Itisamongthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticlesand—togetherwithJusticeScalia’sintroductiontoAMatterofInterpretation—helpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.Indeed,hisTaftLecturecanbecreditedwithcontributingtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualcomebackstoriesoflegalscholarship.

Inthe1980svariousleadingfiguresinconstitutionallawtookaimatthecontentionthattheConstitutionshouldbeinterpretedaccordingtotheoriginalintentionsofitsframers.Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbythreeunanswerableobjections.First,originalismisimpracticalbecauseitisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatethevariousintentionsheldbynumerousframers.Second,originalismisactuallycontrarytotheoriginalintentionsofthefoundinggenerationwhothemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent.Finally,originalismistoberejectedbecauseitiswrongforthelivingtobeboundbythedeadhandofthepast.

InhisTaftLecture,JusticeScaliawasperhapsthefirstdefenderoforiginalismtoshiftthetheoryfromitspreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment.Thisshiftfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningobviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism.Thatlanguagehasanaccessiblepublicmeaningiswhatenablesinterpersonalcommunication.Ifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother.Indeed,theobjectivetheorybywhichprivatecontractsarenormallyinterpretedassumestheavailabilityofsuchmeaning.Andtheverysameevidencethatshowsthefoundinggenerationrejectingrelianceontheintentionsoftheframersalsoshowstheirrelianceontheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetext.

Shiftingfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningdidlittletoanswerthe“deadhand”objection,however.Whybeboundbythepast?Forthat,JusticeScaliaandotheroriginalistshadtodevelopatheoryofconstitutionallegitimacy.Mostoriginalistsstressedthetheoryofpopularsovereignty.TheycontendedthattheConstitutionisanauthoritativeexpressionofthewillofthePeople,whichjudgesareduty-boundtofollow.

RANDYE.BARNETT:“Scalia’sInfidelity:ACritiqueofFaint-HeartedOriginalism”

67.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacommentofJusticeScalia’s1988Lecturebytheauthor?

68.ThefollowingarecriticalcommentsofOriginalismexcept___.

69.ThecontributionofJusticeScaliatooriginalismisthathe___.

70.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat___.

问题1选项

A.Itisoneofthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticles.

B.Itcontributedtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualreviewoflegalscholarship.

C.Ithelpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.

D.Ithadanenormousinfluence.

问题2选项

A.Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbyunanswerableobjections

B.itisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatetheintentionsofsomanyframers

C.peopleinthe20thcenturyshouldnotbeboundbythedeadhandofthepast

D.thefoundersoftheUSthemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent

问题3选项

A.obviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism

B.foundthatlanguagehadanaccessiblepublicmeaningwaswhatenabledinterpersonalcommunication

C.foundthatifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother

D.shiftedthepreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment

问题4选项

A.originalpublicmeaningdidanswerthe“deadhand”objection

B.judgeshavethedutytofollowthewillofthepeople

C.anewtheoryofpopularsovereigntywasdevelopedtoanswerthe“deadhand”objection

D.oneshouldnotbeboundbythepast

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】67.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“JusticeScalia”定位到原文第一段Itisamongthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticlesand—togetherwithJusticeScalia’sintroductiontoAMatterofInterpretation—helpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.(它是最常被引用的法律评论文章之一,与斯卡利亚大法官对《解释问题》的介绍一起,帮助塑造了目前关于正确解释宪法方法的辩论)可知C选项“它帮助形成了目前关于正确的宪法解释方法的辩论”和原文有出入,是斯卡利亚法官1988年演讲和斯卡利亚大法官对《解释问题》的介绍一起塑造了目前关于正确解释宪法方法的辩论,而不仅仅是斯卡利亚法官1988年演讲;以及A选项“这是最常被引用的法律评论文章之一”符合原文;第一段Indeed,hisTaftLecturecanbecreditedwithcontributingtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualcomebackstoriesoflegalscholarship.(的确,史格里亚大法官关于原意论的讲座对法律学术的重新检阅与完善做出了贡献)可知B选项“它对法学界最引人注目的学术评论之一做出了贡献”正确;第一段Thepublishedversionofthislecturehashadanenormousinfluence.(这次演讲的出版版本产生了巨大的影响)可知D选项“它有巨大的影响”正确。因此C选项符合题意。

68.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“Originalism”定位到第二段最后一句Finally,originalismistoberejectedbecauseitiswrongforthelivingtobeboundbythedeadhandofthepast.(最后,原意论被抵制是因为当代的人们不应该被传统守旧的教条所束缚住)可知C选项“20世纪的人不应该被过去的死亡之手束缚”错误,无法判断原文中“当代的人们”是C选项中“20世纪的人”;第二段Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbythreeunanswerableobjections.(人们普遍认为,原创性被三个无可辩驳的反对意见彻底击败了)可知A选项“人们普遍认为,原创性被无可辩驳的反对意见彻底打败了”符合题意;第二段First,originalismisimpracticalbecauseitisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatethevariousintentionsheldbynumerousframers.(首先,原始论是不切实际的,因为它不可能发现和聚集众多制宪者持有的各种意图)可知B选项“这是不可能发现和聚集如此多的意图的制宪者”正确;第二段Second,originalismisactuallycontrarytotheoriginalintentionsofthefoundinggenerationwhothemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent.(第二,原始主义实际上与创始一代的原始意图相悖,创始一代本身就拒绝了对原始意图的依赖)可知D选项“美国的缔造者自己拒绝了对最初意图的依赖”正确。因此C选项符合题意。

69.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段JusticeScaliawasperhapsthefirstdefenderoforiginalismtoshiftthetheoryfromitspreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment.Thisshiftfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningobviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism.(斯卡利亚法官可能是第一个支持原意论的人,他将原意论从最初强调制宪人的原意转变到关注当时客观背景下公众的最初意图上来。这种从原始立宪者意图到原始公共意义的转变,消除了许多对原始主义的实际反对)可知斯卡利亚法官对原始主义的贡献在于他对原始主义的支持,消除了许多对原始主义的实际反对,选A选项“排除了许多对原始主义的实际反对”,同时可知D选项“将先前对宪法制定者意图的关注转移到宪法制定时文本的原始公共意义上”并不是斯卡利亚法官的主要贡献;第三段Thatlanguagehasanaccessiblepublicmeaningiswhatenablesinterpersonalcommunication.Ifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother.(这种语言具有可接近的公共意义,这使人与人之间的沟通成为可能。如果语言没有超出说话者和作家主观意图的客观意义,我们就永远无法相互理解)可知B选项“发现语言具有可理解的公共意义是人际沟通的基础”和C选项“发现如果词语没有超出说话者和作家的主观意图的客观意义,我们将永远无法相互理解”并不是斯卡利亚法官对原始主义的贡献。因此A选项正确。

70.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段Mostoriginalistsstressedthetheoryofpopularsovereignty.TheycontendedthattheConstitutionisanauthoritativeexpressionofthewillofthePeople,whichjudgesareduty-boundtofollow.(大多数愿意论者强调人民主权的理论。他们认为,宪法是人民意愿的权威表达,法官有义务遵循)可知法律必须遵循人民的意志,选B选项“法官有义务遵循人民的意愿”;最后一段Shiftingfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningdidlittletoanswerthe“deadhand”objection(从最初的制宪者意图到最初的公共意义的转变对回答“死手”的反对作用不大)可知A选项“原来的公众意图回答了‘死手’的反对”错误;最后一段Whybeboundbythepast?Forthat,JusticeScaliaandotheroriginalistshadtodevelopatheoryofconstitutionallegitimacy.(为什么要受过去的束缚?为此,斯卡利亚法官和其他原意论者不得不发展一种宪法合法性理论)可知C选项“一种新的人民主权理论被发展出来,以回答‘死手’的反对”错误,不是人民主权理论而是宪法合法性理论;结合上文提到的内容以及最后一段大意可知D选项“一个人不应该被过去所束缚”错误,斯卡利亚法官和其他原意论者认为一个人应该被过去所束缚。因此B选项正确。

19.单选题

Researchersproducedevidencetosupportwhatmostofusalreadyknew—thatacupofteaistheanswertoanycrisis.

Dr.MalcolmCross,apsychologistatCityUniversityLondon,testedtheanxietylevelsofagroupofpeoplefollowinga(1)

situationandrevealedthatevenasinglecupofteahasa(2)

calmingeffect.Histeamgave42volunteersamentalarithmeticexamand(3)

offeredhalfofthemacupofteaandtheotherhalfaglassofwater.Thewatergroup’sanxietylevelssoared(4)

25percentcomparedwithbeforethetask,(5)

theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety—despitethedifficulttest,theywererelaxedthanwhentheystared.

Accordingtoasurveycarriedoutfortheresearch,68percentofBritons(6)

teainadilemma,makingitthenation’smostcommonresponsetotroubleof(7)

kind.About60percentsaidthepromiseofcomfortandwarmthwasthemainreasonforputtingthekettleon.“The(8)

ofmakinganddrinkingtea—particularlyduringtimesofstress—isatthevery(9)

ofBritishculture,”Crosssaid.

Thisstudyshowsthatthesocialpsychological(10)

ofteaenhancetheeffectsofitschemicalmake-uponourbodiesandbrains.

问题1选项

A.light-hearted

B.serious

C.comfortable

D.stressful

问题2选项

A.significant

B.rigorous

C.severe

D.selective

问题3选项

A.previously

B.afterwards

C.besides

D.lately

问题

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