考研考博-英语-安徽农业大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽农业大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

ScientistsbelievethatthereisnotenoughoxygenintheMoon’satmosphereto（）plantlife.

问题1选项

A.adapt

B.personalize

C.sustain

D.describe

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析sustain。意为“维持，保持”，符合句意。

2.单选题

Doyoufrequentthelocalstoreorbuyfromthemail-orderhouse?

问题1选项

A.phoneat

B.parkat

C.chargeat

D.shopat

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。Frequent作动词表示“常去”；A项phoneat没有这个搭配，phone作动词表示“打电话”，B项parkat“在……停车”，C项chargeat“冲击，猛攻”，D项shopat“在……购物”。句意：你经常去实体店买东西还是网上购物呢？因此D项正确。

3.单选题

Therepresentativeofthecommitteewasaskedto（）hisearlierstatement.

问题1选项

A.verify

B.withdraw

C.repeat

D.modify

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这个委员会的代表被要求证实他早期的言论。

考查动词辨析。verify核实，证实withdraw撤回;repeat重复;modify修改。因此A项符合句意。

4.单选题

Fordecades,arms-controltalkscenteredonnuclearweapons.Thisishardlysurprising,sinceasinglenuclearbombcandestroyanentirecity.Yet,unlikesmallerarms,theseimmenselypowerfulweaponshavenotbeenusedinwarinover50years.

HistorianJohnKeeganwrites:“Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition,costinglittlemorethanthetransistorradioswhichhavefloodedtheworldinthesameperiod.Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.

Whyhavesmallarmsbecometheweaponsofchoiceinrecentwars?Partofthereasonliesintherelationshipbetweenconflictandpoverty.Mostofthewarsfoughtduringthe1990stookplaceincountriesthatarepoor—toopoortobuysophisticatedweaponsystems.Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.Forexample,50milliondollars,whichisapproximatelythecostofasinglemodernjetfighter,canequipanarmywith200,000assaultrifles.

Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.Asinglerapid-fireassaultriflecanfirehundredsofroundsaminute.Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.Achildoftencanbetaughttostripandreassembleatypicalassaultrifle.Achildcanalsoquicklylearntoaimandfirethatrifleintoacrowdofpeople.

Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.Theillegaltradeofsmallarmsisbig.InsomeAfricanwars,paramilitarygroupshaveboughtbillionsofdollars’worthofsmallarmsandlightweapons,notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas.

Weaponsarealsolinkedtotheillegaltradeindrugs.Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.

1.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

2.Theadvancedworldneglecttheproblemsofsmallarmsbecause______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthereasonfortheprevalenceofsmallarms?

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.

问题1选项

A.thenucleararms-controltalkscanneverreachanagreement

B.smallarms-controlismoreimportantthannucleararms-control

C.thepowerofnuclearweaponstokillpeoplehasbeendiminished

D.nuclearweaponswerethetopicofarms-controltalks50yearsago

问题2选项

A.theyhavetodealwithdrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorism

B.theyhavenosuchproblemsasarecausedbysmallweapons

C.theyfaceothermoreimportantproblemssuchaspollution

D.theyhavenotrecognizedtheseriousnessoftheproblemsintime

问题3选项

A.Smallarmsarecheap.

B.Smallarmsarepowerful.

C.Smallarmsareeasiertouse.

D.Smallarmsareeasiertoget.

问题4选项

A.smallarmsarenotexpensiveintheblack-market

B.itisunfairtoexchangesmallarmsfordiamond

C.criminalsusethesamepassagetosmuggledrugsandsmallarms

D.wheretherearedrugs,therearesmallarms

问题5选项

A.SmallArmsTalks,NotNuclearArmsTalks

B.NeglectofSmallArmsControl

C.GlobalTrafficinSmallArms

D.SmallArms,BigProblems

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition（自1985年8月9日以来，没有一个人死于核武器。而在这一时期却有5000万人死于廉价的、大规模生产的武器和小型爆炸物），说明小型武器的滥用已经造成了比核武器还严重的后果，应该重视小型武器的控制。因此B选项“小型武器控制比核武器控制更重要”正确。A选项“核武器控制谈判不可能达成协议”，C选项“核武器的杀伤力已经减弱了”，D选项“核武器是50年前军控谈判的主题”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.（由于小型武器对发达世界的国家影响很小，毒品交易和政治恐怖盛行的地方在他们生活的圈子之外，因此富国的人们很难意识到小型武器泛滥所带来的严重性。），说明先进国家的人们没有及时地意识到小型武器问题的严重性。因此D选项“他们没有及时认识到这些问题的严重性”正确。A选项“他们要处理毒品交易和政治恐怖主义问题”，由原文可知，他们的生活圈子中没有毒品交易和政治恐怖主义，所以A错误。B选项“他们没有由小武器引起的这种问题”，C选项“他们面临其他更重要的问题，如污染”在文中没有提及，所以B,C错误。

3.客观细节题。A选项“小型武器很便宜”，由原文Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.（小型武器和轻武器很便宜。）可知，A属于小型武器盛行的原因，排除A。B选项“小型武器有威力”，由原文Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.（小型武器如此流行的另一个原因是它们是致命的。）可知，B属于小型武器盛行的原因，排除B。C选项“小武器更容易使用”，由原文Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.（它们也易于使用和维护。）可知，C属于小型武器盛行的原因，排除C。D选项“小型武器更容易得到”在文中没有提及，因此本题选D。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.（通常犯罪组织利用同一渠道一个方向走私毒品另一方向走私枪支。），说明犯罪组织利用同一渠道走私毒品和枪支。因此C选项“犯罪分子利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器”正确。A选项“小型武器在黑市上并不昂贵”，原文没有说小型武器在黑市上的价格，所以A错误。B选项“用小型武器换钻石是不公平的”，原文只介绍了用钻石购买小型武器的事件，没有评价其是否公平，所以B错误。D选项“有毒品的地方就有小型武器”，原文只提到利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器，没有说两者必然同时存在，所以D错误。

5.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章阐述了小型武器给社会带来的极大危害，造成了大量人民生命财产的损失。因此D选项“小武器，大问题”最适合作为文章标题。A选项“小型武器谈判，而不是核军备谈判”，B选项“对小型武器控制的忽视”，C选项“小型武器的全球交易”只是文章的一个方面，不能全面地概括文章的内容，所以A,B,C错误。

5.单选题

Nomatterhowangryhewas,hewouldnever（

）toviolence.

问题1选项

A.resolve

B.resign

C.exert

D.resort

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“决心做，溶解”；B选项“离职，委托”；C选项“运用，施加影响”；D选项“凭借，诉诸”。句意：无论他有多生气，他都绝不会（）武力。这里根据句子，词义应该选诉诸，所以答案选D。

6.单选题

Abutterfly’swinghasmyriadtinyscales.

问题1选项

A.prodigious

B.spectacular

C.countless

D.appalling

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项prodigious“惊人的，异常的，奇妙的”，B项spectacular“壮观的，惊人的”，C项countless“无数的，数不尽的”，D项appalling“可怕的，令人震惊的”。句意：蝴蝶的翅膀上有无数细小的鳞片。根据句意可知，myriad在句中表示“无数的”，因此，该题选择C项。

7.单选题

ActressAmandaByneswasconvictedof（）drivinginApril2012whenshecrashedintoanL.A.Countysheriffsdeputy'scruiser.

问题1选项

A.legitimate

B.juvenile

C.reckless

D.redundant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项legitimate表示“合法的，正当的”；B选项juvenile表示“青少年的，幼稚的”；C选项reckless表示“鲁莽的，不顾后果的”；D选项redundant表示“多余的，过剩的，失业的”。beconvictedof…表示“被宣判有罪”，由句意可知这位女演员因为非法驾驶而被判有罪，因此只有C选项词义最符合句意。故本题正确答案为C选项。

8.单选题

Amotionpicturedirectorforovertwentyyears,JohnChampmanstampedhisfilmwith（

）tyleandpersonalconviction.

问题1选项

A.himself

B.hisown

C.his

D.him

【答案】B

【解析】考查人称代词和物主代词的用法。句意：二十多年来，电影导演John将他的电影深深烙上了个人风格和个人信仰的记号。选项B符合题意。hisown“他自己的”。

9.单选题

Yesterdayafternoonamultitudeofpeopleattendedthefundraisingpresentationinthemall

问题1选项

A.smallnumber

B.specialgroup

C.hugecrowd

D.youthfulteam

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。amultitudeof许多的，大批的。只有C项“hugecrowd大群人”正确。句意：昨天下午，许多人参加了在商场举行的募捐活动。

10.单选题

Therearenotmanyteacherswhoarestrong（

）oftraditionalmethodsinEnglishteaching.

问题1选项

A.sponsors

B.contributors

C.advocates

D.performers

【答案】C

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。Sponsor“赞助者”；contributor“捐赠者”；advocate“倡导者，支持者”；performer“表演者”。句意：很多老师都不再强烈倡导传统英语教学法了。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Takentogether,income,occupation,andeducationaregoodmeasuresofpeople'ssocialstanding.Usingalayeredmodelofstratification,mostsociologistsdescribetheclasssystemintheUnitedStatesasdividedintoseveralclasses:upper,uppermiddle,middle,lowermiddle,andlowerclass.Eachclassisdefinedbycharacteristicssuchasincome,occupationalprestige,andeducationalattainment.Thedifferentgroupsarearrayedalongacontinuumwiththosewiththemostmoney,education,andprestigeatthetopandthosewiththeleastatthebottom.

IntheUnitedStates,theupperclassownsthemajorshareofcorporateandpersonalwealth;itincludesthosewhohaveheldwealthforgenerationsaswellasthosewhohaverecentlybecomerich.Onlyaverysmallproportionofpeopleactuallyconstitutetheupperclass,buttheycontrolvastamountsofwealthandpowerintheUnitedStates.Theyexerciseenormouscontrolthroughoutsociety.Mostoftheirwealthisinherited.

Despitesocialmythstothecontrary,thebestpredictoroffuturewealthisthefamilyintowhichyouareborn.Eachyear,thebusinessmagazineForbespublishesalistofthe"Forbes400"—thefourhundredwealthiestfamiliesandindividualsinthecountry.OfallthewealthrepresentedontheForbes400list,morethanhalfisinherited.Thoseonthelistwhocouldbecalled"self-made"werenottypicallyofmodestorigins;mostinheritedsignificantassets(Forbes,1997;SklarandCollins,1997).Thoseintheupperclasswithnewlyacquiredwealthareknownasthenouveauriche.Althoughtheymayhavevastamountsofmoney,theyareoftennotacceptedinto"oldrich"circles.

Theuppermiddleclassincludesthosewithhighincomesandhighsocialprestige.Theytendtobewell-educatedprofessionalsorbusinessexecutives.Theirearningscanbequitehighindeed—successfulbusinessexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.Itisdifficulttoestimateexactlyhowmanypeoplefallintothisgroupbecauseofthedifficultyofdrawinglinesbetweentheupper,uppermiddle,andmiddleclass.Indeed,theuppermiddleclassisoftenthoughtofas"middleclass"becausetheirlifestylesetsthestandardtowhichmanyaspire,butthislifestyleissimplybeyondthemeansofamajorityofpeopleintheUnitedStates.

Themiddleclassishardtodefine;inpart,being"middleclass"ismorethanjusteconomicposition.ByfarthemajorityofAmericansidentitythemselvesasmiddleclasseventhoughtheyvarywidelyinlifestyleandinresourcesattheirdisposal.ButtheideathattheUnitedStatesisanopen-classsystemleadsmanytothinkthatthemajorityhaveamiddle-classlifestylebecause,ingeneral,peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.Thus,themiddleclassbecomestheubiquitousnormeventhoughmanywhocallthemselvesmiddleclasshaveatenuousholdonthisclassposition.

Inthehierarchyofsocialclass,thelowermiddleclassincludesworkersintheskilledtradesandlow-incomebureaucraticworkers,manyofwhommayactuallydefinethemselvesasmiddleclass.Examplesareblue-collarworkers(thoseinskilledtradeswhodomanuallabor)andmanyserviceworkers,suchassecretaries,hairdressers,waitresses,police,andfirefighters.Mediumtolowincome,education,andoccupationalprestigedefinethelowermiddleclassrelativetotheclassgroupsaboveit.Theterm"lower"inthisclassdesignationreferstotherelativepositionofthegroupinthestratificationsystem,butithasapejorativesoundtomanypeople,especiallytopeoplewhoaremembersofthisclass.

Thelowerclassiscomposedprimarilyofthedisplacedandpoor.Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs.Fortypercentofthepoorwork;10percentworkyear-roundandfulltime—aproportionthathasgenerallyincreasedovertime.Recently,theconceptoftheunderclasshasbeenaddedtothelowerclass.Theunderclassincludesthosewhohavebeenleftbehindbycontemporaryeconomicdevelopments.Rejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.

1.Whydoestheauthormentionthe"Forbes400"inParagraph3?

2.Theauthorstatesthatbusinessandprofessionalpeoplewitheducationaladvantagesaremostoftenmembersofthe（）

3.WhydomostpeopleidentifythemselvesasmiddleclassintheUnitedStates?

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutpoorpeopleintheUnitedStates?

5.AccordingtoParagraph7,whyhastheunderclassemerged?

问题1选项

A.Toexplainthemeaningofthelistingthatappearseveryyear.

B.Tocastdoubtontheclaimthatfamilyincomepredictsindividualwealth.

C.Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulpeoplewhohavemodestfamilyconnections.

D.Tosupportthestatementthatmostwealthypeopleinherittheirmoney.

问题2选项

A.lowermiddleclass

B.uppermiddleclass

C.nouveauriche

D.upperclass

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveaboutthesamelifestyleaseveryoneelseinthecountry.

B.Theydon'treallyknowhowtodefinetheirstatusbecauseitisunclear.

C.TheyprefernottoadmitthatthereareclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.

D.Theyidentifythemselveswiththemajoritywhohavenormallifestyles.

问题4选项

A.Theyarenotabletofindentry-leveljobs.

B.Theyworkinjobsthatrequirelittleeducation.

C.Theyareserviceworkersandmanuallaborers.

D.Theydonottrytofindemployment.

问题5选项

A.Thenewtermwasnecessarybecausethelowerclassenjoyedahigherlifestylethanithadpreviously.

B.Theincreaseincrimehassupportedanewclassofpeoplewholivebyengaginginillegalactivities.

C.Changesintheeconomyhavecausedanentireclassofpeopletosurvivebywelfareorcrime.

D.Minimum-wagejobsnolongersupportaclassofpeopleatastandardlevelintheeconomicsystem.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第三段的第三句"OfallthewealthrepresentedontheForbes400list,morethanhalfisinherited."福布斯富人榜中，富人的财富大部分是继承而来的。所以选项D正确。

第2题:事实细节题。根据第四段的一二句“Theuppermiddleclassincludesthosewithhighincomesandhighsocialprestige.Theytendtobewell-educatedprofessionalsorbusinessexecutives.”上层中产阶级包括那些收入高、社会地位高的人。他们往往是受过良好教育的专业人士或企业高管。所以选项B正确。

第3题:事实细节题。根据第五段的倒数第二句“...peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.”人们不愿意承认在美国存在着阶级差别。选项C符合原文。

第4题:根据最后一段的一二句"Thelowerclassis...poor.Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs."下层阶级主要由流浪者和穷人组成。这个阶层的人几乎没有受过正规教育，经常失业或从事最低工资的工作。由此可推断，下层阶级从事的工作不需要太高的受教育程度。选项B正确。

第5题:根据最后一段的最后一句“Rejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.”被排斥在经济体系之外的下层阶级可能会依赖于公共援助或非法活动。句中的publicassistanceorillegalactivities与C选项中的bywelfareorcrime同义。所以选项C符合原文。

12.单选题

Belyinghisearlierreputationfor（

）asanegotiator,Morganhadrecentlyassumedamore（

）stanceforwhichmanyofhiserstwhilecriticspraisedhim.

问题1选项

A.inflexibility...unreasonable

B.impropriety...oscillatory

C.intransigence...tolerant

D.success...authoritative

【答案】C

【解析】名词和形容词词义辨析。A选项的inflexibility“不屈性，顽固”；unreasonable“不合理的，不公正的”；B选项的impropriety“不合适，不恰当”；oscillatory“振动的，动摇的，变动的"；C选项的intransigence“不妥协，强硬”；tolerant“忍受的，容忍的，宽容的”；D选项的success“成功，胜利”；authoritative“命令式的，专断的，权威式的”。根据句意‘与他先前亳不让步的谈判者的声誉相反，摩根近来采取了一种更为缓和的立场，所以许多他先前的批判者转而称赞他’确定C选项正确。

13.单选题

Nowthecheersandapplause（

）inasinglesustainedroar.

问题1选项

A.mingled

B.tangled

C.baffled

D.huddled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项mingle“混合；交往”；B选项tangle“使……缠结在一起；打架”；C选项baffle“使……困惑；使……受挫折”；D选项huddle“挤在一起；蜷缩；靠拢”。句意：现在欢呼声和掌声……在一个持续的呼喊中。综合句意与选项可知，此处表示“欢呼声与掌声混合”，A选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Ourcorporation’sobligationunderthis（

）islimitedtorepairorreplacement.

问题1选项

A.warranty

B.license

C.market

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warranty“（商品）保用单”；B选项license“执照，许可证”；C选项market“市场，交易”；D选项necessity“必然，必要”。根据repairorreplacement（修理或更换）可知A选项符合语境。句意：我公司在本保证项下的义务仅限于修理或更换。

15.单选题

（）bothsidesaccepttheagreement（）alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.

问题1选项

A.Onlyif,will

B.Ifonly,would

C.Should,will

D.Unless,would

【答案】A

【解析】语法题——onlyif的用法。当onlyif位于句首时，其主句的谓语动词要部分倒装，根据四个选项，其谓语动词都提前了，而只有onlyif在句首，才部分倒装。句意：只有双方都接受这项协议，才能在这个地区建立持久的和平。因此A选项正确。

16.单选题

He___afewmoreboardsfromthecabinettomaketheinsidemorespacious.

问题1选项

A.separated

B.divided

C.detached

D.parted

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项separated“（使）分离，分开（指把两个人或物分开，着重从原属一个整体中移居一部分或把两者隔开）；隔开；分手；（使）分居；（使）区别（于）”；B选项divided“（使）分开；分成（指把一个整体按要求分成几个部分，暗示分配之意；也可指分开两个对立的事物）；分配；分担；分隔；（道路）分叉；使产生分歧；（数）除，除以”；C选项detached“拆卸；挣脱；派遣；可方便地取下；执行单独任务”；D选项parted“离开；分别（多指使紧密相连的人或物分开，往往暗示最后分离的意味）；分开；隔离；分散；解散；裂开；断裂；（头发）梳成分头”。句意：他从柜子上___几块木板，使里面更宽敞。本句表达“从柜子上拆卸木板”，因此C选项正确。

17.单选题

Theideaofspendingtherestofmylifetherenever（）me.

问题1选项

A.approvesto

B.attractsto

C.appallsto

D.appealsto

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项approveto“批准，赞成”，B选项attract“吸引”，一般没有“attractto”这样的用法，可以用attractsb.todosth.或者sb.isattractedtodosth.，C选项appall“使胆寒，使大吃一惊”，一般不和介词to搭配；D选项appealsto“呼吁，吸引，要求”。句意：在那里度过余生的想法从来没有吸引过我。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，D选项符合句意。

18.单选题

HesuddenlysawSue__theroom.Hepushedhisway____thecrowdofpeopletogettoher.

问题1选项

A.across,across

B.over,through

C.over,into

D.across,through

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词的用法。across表示从物体表面穿过，一般指穿过马路，街道等没有遮掩的地方；through表示从空间内部穿过，一般指穿过森林等有遮掩的地方；over表示从上面越过；into表示进入。句意：他突然看见Sue走到了房间那边，他挤过人群向她走过去。

根据题意，只有D项符合。

19.单选题

Thecountryhad（

）swiftlyintoopenconflictwithitsneighbors.

问题1选项

A.underwent

B.plunged

C.tightened

D.confronted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。undergo“经受，经历；遭受”；plunge“投入，跳进，陷入”；tighten“变紧，绷紧，拉紧”；confront“使面临，对抗”。句意：这个国家很快便陷入了与邻国的公开冲突中。选项B符合题意。

20.单选题

WhenyouaskmeaboutCynthia,whatwereyou（）?

问题1选项

A.meaningfor

B.drivingat

C.intendingfor

D.intendingto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。选项A介词搭配不正确，可首先排除；B选项driveat相当于aimat“用意所在”；C选项intendfor“打算使”；D选项intendto“打算做…，想要”，后面一般需要接dosth.。句意：你问我关于辛西娅的事，你的用意何在？所以选项B正确。

21.单选题

Computerprogrammersoftenremarkthatcomputingmachines,withaperfectlackofdiscrimination,willdoanyfoolishthingtheyaretoldtodo.Thereasonforthislies,ofcourse,inthenarrowfixationofthecomputingmachine’s“intelligence”onthedetailsofitsownperceptions—itsinabilitytobeguidedbyalargecontext.Inapsychologicaldescriptionofthecomputerintelligence,threerelatedadjectivescometomind:single-minded,literal-minded,andsimple-minded.Recognizingthis,weshouldatthesametimerecognizethatthissingle-mindedness,literal-mindedness,andsimple-mindednessalsocharacterizestheoreticalmathematics,thoughtoalesserextent.

Sincesciencetriestodealwithreality,eventhemostprecisesciencesnormallyworkwithmoreorlessimperfectlyunderstoodapproximationstowardwhichscientistsmustmaintainanappropriateskepticism.Thus,forinstance:itmaycomeasashocktomathematicianstolearnthattheSchrodingerequationforthehydrogenatomisnotaliterallycorrectdescriptionofthisatom,butonlyanapproximationtoasomewhatmorecorrectequationtakingaccountofspin,magneticdipole,andrelativistic,effects;andthatthiscorrectedequationisitselfonlyanimperfectapproximationtoaninfinitesetofquantumfield-theoreticalequations.Physicists,lookingattheoriginalSchrodingerequationlearntosenseinitthepresenceofmanyinvisibletermsinadditiontothedifferentialtermsvisible,andthissenseinspiresanentirelyappropriatedisregardforthepurelytechnicalfeaturesoftheequation.Thisveryhealthyskepticismisforeigntothemathematicalapproach.

Mathematicsmustdealwithwell-definedsituations.Thus,mathematiciansdependonanintellectualeffortoutsideofmathematicsforthecrucialspecificationoftheapproximationthatmathematicsistotakeliterally.Givemathematiciansasituationthatistheleastbitill-defined,andtheywillmakeitwell-defined,perhapsappropriately,butperhapsinappropriately.Insomecases,themathematicians’literal-mindednessmayhaveunfortunateconsequences.Themathematiciansturnthescientists’theoreticalassumptionsthatare,theirconvenientpointsofanalyticalemphasis,intoaxioms,andthentaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thisbringsthedangerthattheymayalsopersuadethescientiststotaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thequestion,centraltothescientificinvestigationbutintenselydisturbinginthemathematicalcontext-whathappensiftheaxiomsarerelaxed?-istherebyignored.

Thephysicistrightlydreadspreciseargument,sinceanargumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsforceiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged,whereasanargumentthatisconvincingthoughimprecisemaywellbestableundersmallperturbationsofitsunderlyingassumptions.

1.Theauthordiscussescomputingmachinesinthefirstparagraphprimarilyinorderto,dowhichofthefollowing?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatscientistsmakewhichofthefollowingassumptionsaboutscientificarguments?

3.Accordingtothetext,mathematicianspresentarisktoscientistforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Theauthorsuggeststhat-theapproachofphysiciststosolvingscientificproblemiswhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthorimpliesthatscientistsdevelopahealthyskepticismbecausetheyareawarethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Indicatethedangersinherentinrelyingtoagreatextentonmachines.

B.Illustratehisviewsabouttheapproachofmathematicianstoproblemsolving.

C.Comparetheworkofmathematicianswiththatofcomputerprogrammers.

D.Provideonedefinitionofintelligence.

问题2选项

A.Theliteraltruthoftheargumentscanbemadeclearonlyinamathematicalcontext.

B.Theargumentsnecessarilyignorethecentralquestionofscientificinvestigation.

C.Thearmamentsprobablywillbeconvincingonlytootherscientists.

D.Thepremisesonwhichtheargumentsarebasedmaychange.

问题3选项

A.Mathematiciansmayprovidetheoriesthatareincompatiblewiththosealreadydevelopedbyscientists.

B.Mathematiciansmaydefinesituationsinawaythatisincomprehensibletoscientists.

C.Mathematiciansmayconvincescientiststhattheoreticalassumptionsarefacts.

D.Scientistsmaycometobelievethataxiomaticstatementsareuntrue.

问题4选项

A.PracticalforscientificPurposes.

B.Detrimentalto:scientificprogress.

C.UnimportantinmostSituations.

D.Expedient,butoflittlelong-termvalue.

问题5选项

A.mathematiciansarebetterabletosolveproblemsthanarescientists.

B.changesinaxiomaticpropositionswillinevitablyunderminescientificarguments.

C.well-definedsituationsarenecessityforthedesignofreliableexperiments.

D.somefactorsinmostsituationsmustremainunknown.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段作者用计算机“computingmachines”作为例子来帮助我们更好的了解数学理论“theoreticalmathematics”。选项B符合题意。

2.文章最后一段提到基于某些参数的变化而会导致某些前提的改变（sinceanargumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsforceiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged）。选项D符合题意。

3.文章倒数第二段的倒数第二、三句Themathematiciansturnthescientists’theoreticalassumptionsthatar