考研考博-英语-四川科技职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川科技职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.问答题

Yettohaveafamilynowadays—(A)withbirthcontrolreadilyavailable,and(B)inflationagoodeconomicargumentagainsthavingchildren—isnearlyanexpressionofambitionitself.Thoughambitionwasonce(C)thedomainchieflyofmonarchsandaristocrats,ithas,inmorerecenttimes,increasinglybecomethedomainofthemiddleclass.Working,saving,planning—these,thedailyaspectsofambition—havealwaysbeen(D)thedistinguishedmarksofarisingmiddleclass.

【答案】D；改成thedistinguishingmarks。distinguishing有区别的；distinguished卓越的，著名的。句意：工作,储蓄,雄心壮志的计划这些,每日方面——一直是崛起的中产阶级的区分标志。

2.单选题

Afterbeingdiagnosedashavingtuberculosis,shemovedtotheSouth______herhealth.

问题1选项

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.forthesakeof

D.asaresultof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项atthecostof“以……为代价”，B项onthevergeof“处于……的边缘”，C项forthesakeof“为了……”，D项asaresultof“因此，由于”。根据句子意思“在被诊断患有肺结核后，她搬到了南方……她的健康。”可推断，空格处应该表示原因，A、B选项排除；D选项单纯指某一个原因造成的结果；C选项有比较强的目的性，所以C选项最符合。句意：在被诊断患有肺结核后，她为了自己的健康搬到了南方。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.单选题

Einstein’stheoryofrelativityseemed______whenitwasfirstintroduced.

问题1选项

A.impressive

B.unaccountable

C.inconsistent

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项impressive“感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的”；B选项unaccountable“无责任的；莫名其妙的；不可理解的”；C选项inconsistent“不一致的；前后矛盾的”；D选项incredible“不能相信的，难以置信的；极好的，极大的”。句意：爱因斯坦的相对论刚被提出时似乎令人难以置信。因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.

Theconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction—thefirmandthecustomer—andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomerruled!

1.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,______.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”(para.1)means______.

4.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?

5.Indiscussingthemarketconcept,theauthorfocuseson______.

问题1选项

A.thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoney

B.makinggoodsavailableforpurchase

C.thecustomer-centeredapproach

D.aformofpersuasivesalesmanship

问题2选项

A.Mostindustriestodayconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods.

B.Companiestodayfocusonthepreferencesofthedealers.

C.Companiesputtheconsumerinterestabovetheirowninterest.

D.Analysisoftheconsumerinterestdoesgoodtothecompanies.

问题3选项

A.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoods

B.totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible

C.todisposethesegoodsinlargequantities

D.toredesignthesegoodsforlarge-scaleproduction

问题4选项

A.Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople.

B.Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic.

C.Consumerswithconservativetasteareoftendifficulttoplease.

D.Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteofconsumer.

问题5选项

A.itsmaincharacteristic

B.itssocialimpact

C.itspossibleconsequence

D.itstheoreticalbasis

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept（市场营销注重顾客的需求。它首先分析顾客的喜好和需求，然后再生产出他们满意的商品。这种着眼于顾客的销售方式就是人们所说的市场营销），说明市场营销是以顾客为中心的销售方式。因此C选项“一种以客户为中心的方法”正确。A选项“把产品变成金钱的一种做法”，D选项“销售人员说服劝导的一种方式”是传统销售的方式，所以A,D错误。B选项“根据人们的购买需求生产产品”，由原文可知，这只是市场营销的一个步骤，而不是其本质，所以B错误。

2.客观细节题。A选项“当今大多数行业主要集中在商品的有效生产上”，由原文Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods（就在几年前，大多数行业主要专注于产品的高效生产）可知，这是几年前传统销售的做法，所以A错误。B选项“今天的公司关注经销商的喜好”，由原文themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.（制造商和经销商首先要努力找出消费者想要购买的东西，然后再去生产提供购买。）可知，如今的公司更关注消费者的喜好，所以B错误。C选项“公司把消费者的利益放在自己的利益之上”，由原文Theconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.（这个概念并不意味着商业是仁慈的，或者消费者的满意度优先于公司的利润。）可知，公司还是将自己的利益放在首位，所以C错误。D选项“对消费者兴趣的分析对公司有好处”，由原文Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.（然而，成功的商人和生产者认识到，最可靠的盈利途径是通过了解和迎合消费者。）可知，迎合消费者的兴趣有利于公司盈利，D选项符合原文，所以本题选D。

3.语义推测题。由题干关键词“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.（就在几年前，大多数行业主要专注于产品的高效生产，然后依靠“有说服力的销售技巧”来尽可能多地销售这些产品。），说明“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”在文中是指“尽可能多地销售产品”的意思。因此A选项“尽可能多地销售产品”正确。B选项“尽可能高效地运输产品”，C选项“大批量地处理这些产品”，D选项“重新设计这些产品以便于可以大规模制造”均不符合题意，所以B,C,D错误。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.（然而，成功的商人和生产者认识到，最可靠的盈利途径是通过了解和迎合消费者。），接着举了可口可乐公司重新恢复经典口味可乐的例子，说明恢复经典配方是为了迎合顾客的口味。因此D选项“商品的设计应该贴合消费者的口味”正确。A选项“传统型产品对于大多数人来说有着更强的吸引力”，B选项“一种新的产品为公众所接受是需要时间的”，C选项“那些口味保守的消费者最难取悦”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，作者旨在向读者介绍市场营销这一概念的基本特征，即根据顾客的需求组织生产，并通过讲述可口可乐公司恢复原配方这一让人印象深刻的例子强化了读者对其基本特征的了解。因此A选项“其主要特点”正确。B选项“其社会影响”，C选项“其可能带来的后果”，D选项“其理论基础”在文中均没有提及，所以B,C,D错误。

5.单选题

Electricalenergymaybeseparatedintotwo（

）componentsaspositiveandnegative.

问题1选项

A.specialized

B.told

C.specified

D.said

【答案】C

【解析】specialize使专门化；使适应特殊情况；specify指定，详细说明，列举。句意：电能可分为正负两种指定的部分。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

Thecountry'sproductiondroppedwhilepricesandunemployed（

）.

问题1选项

A.under-questioned

B.out-space

C.overestimated

D.skyrocketed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。under-question“在受盘问中”；out-space是名词，意思是“外部空间”；overestimate“对……估计过高”；skyrocket“飞涨；猛涨”。While前后是对比关系，前面提到“这个国家的生产下降”，因此后面是表示“价格和失业率在上升”，选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Educatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropouts(辍学者)amongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.

Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent,andinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.

Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated‘becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementforthedegree.Attrition(缩/减员，磨损)atthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.’

“Theresultsofourresearch,”Dr.Tuckerconcluded,“didnotsupporttheseopinions.”

1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.

2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.

3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.

Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.

Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.

Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.

31.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat___.

32.Researchhasshownthat___.

33.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.___.

34.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat___.

35.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin___.

问题1选项

A.stepsshouldbetakentogetthedropoutsbacktocampus

B.thedropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy

C.thePh.

D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropoutD.thehighdropoutsrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers

问题2选项

A.dropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D.sinfinancialattainment

B.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies

C.D.sinfinancialattainmentB.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studiesC.

D.sinfinancialattainmentB.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studiesC.thePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsoutD.aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree

问题3选项

A.isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout

B.ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate

C.isanessentialpartofmanyPh.

D.programsD.doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities

问题4选项

A.optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree

B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree

C.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegreeB.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegreeC.

D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegreeB.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegreeC.collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropoutsD.Ph.D.sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions

问题5选项

A.salaryforPh.D.toolow.

B.academicrequirementtoohigh.

C.D.toolow.B.academicrequirementtoohigh.C.

D.toolow.B.academicrequirementtoohigh.C.salaryfordropoutstoohigh.D.1000positions.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】31.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据原文定位到第一段开头Educatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropouts(辍学者)amongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.（教育工作者非常关注哲学博士候选人的高辍学率，以及一个需要博士生的国家随之而来的人才流失）以及第三段SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.（一些人认为，通过说服辍学者回到研究生院攻读博士学位，可以减少受过良好训练的专家和大学教师的短缺）可知一些人希望采取措施说服辍学者重回校园，选A选项“应该采取措施让辍学者重返校园”；B选项“那些辍学的学生应该回到质量较低的学校继续他们的学业”，C选项“拥有博士学位的人通常比辍学的人更能适应环境”以及D选项“高辍学率很大程度上是由于教员缺乏激励”和原文不符合。因此A选项正确。

32.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段开头Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent（调查发现，辍学率为31%）可知辍学人数占据三分之一，D选项“大约三分之一开始攻读博士学位的人没有完成学业获得学位”符合原文；第二段结尾Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.（他们不仅经济状况良好，而且，根据这份报告，他们的收入水平并不比那些继续攻读博士学位的人低多少）可知A选项“在经济成就方面，辍学者大大低于博士”和原文相悖；原文1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.（1.缺乏动力是退学的主要原因）可知B选项“激励因素是攻读博士学位的次要因素”和原文相悖；原文3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.（3.大多数辍学者现在从事与他们的教育和动机相一致的工作）可知C选项“如果博士候选人辍学，他很可能改变他的专业领域”和原文相悖。因此D选项正确。

33.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“foreignlanguagerequirements”定位到原文倒数第三段butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.（但那些提到学术原因的人以未能通过资格考试、未完成研究和未能通过语言考试为由）可推测出外语要求是博士生课程的基本组成部分，选C选项“是许多博士项目的重要组成部分”；倒数第三段Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision（近75%的退学者表示，他们的决定没有学术原因）可知学术原因不是导致退学的主要原因，A选项“是退学最常见的原因”不符合原文；B选项“对理科考生来说比人文学科考生来说更难”以及D选项“不同的大学在难度上没有太大的差别”原文未涉及。因此C选项正确。

34.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段开头Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.（至于让辍学学生重返校园的可能性，前景不容乐观）可知无法得出A选项“在让从博士学位辍学的人重新攻读学位的问题上，乐观主义占据了主导地位”这一结论；B选项“一个从博士学位退学的人，总的来说，没有获得学位所需要的条件”以及C选项“学院和大学雇佣了许多退学学生”文章无提及，因此也没有能从文章得出这个结论这一说，排除；根据倒数第二段最后一句Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.s.tendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.（这也可能表明这样一个事实：在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中，高工资仍然落后于其他领域）可以推测出D选项“博士们在非学术岗位上挣的钱比不上他们应得的”，排除。因此A选项符合题意。

35.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据原文倒数第二段最后一句Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.s.tendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.（这也可能表明这样一个事实：在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中，高工资仍然落后于其它领域）以及最后一段Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.（至于返回校园的可能性，前景不乐观。至少有25%的退学生可能考虑返回研究生院就读，条件是保证他们保留现有的收入水平，有些还要保留他们目前的工作）推测出高辍学率主要在于博士的薪水太低，选A选项“博士的薪水太低”；倒数第三段Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision（近75%的退学者表示，他们的决定没有学术原因）可知学术要求太高不是导致退学的主要原因，B选项“学术要求太高”错误；根据第二段Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.（他们不仅经济状况良好，而且，根据这份报告，他们的收入水平并不比那些继续攻读博士学位的人低多少）可知C选项“辍学者的薪水太高”属于过度推断；D选项“1000个职位”和原文不符。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

BarackObamaisthefreshestfaceintheearlylineupofpresidentialcandidates.Ishetoofresh?WouldeightyearsintheIllinoisStateSenate,andfourintheU.S.SenatequalifyhimfortheOvalofficein2008?Americanpoliticalhistorygivesananswer:aresounding“probably”.

Thirty-sevenmenhavebeenelectedPresidentsince1789,andtheAmericanpeoplehaveappliedtwodifferentstandardsinevaluatingtheirachievements.ThefirstwasformulatedbyAlexanderHamiltonwhotest-drovethepresidencyinFederalistpapers.Thedifficultyofwinningthejobheargued,virtuallyguaranteeditwouldbeheldbythebestmen.“Talentsforlowintrigue,andthelittleartofpopularity”,could“elevateamantothefirsthonorsinasinglestate”.Butonly“characterspre-eminentforabilityandvirtue”couldimpressthenationasawhole.ThefirstsevenPresidents,whofilledthejobforalmostahalf-century,confirmedHamilton’sprediction.GeorgeWashington,JohnAdamsandThomasJeffersonwereheroesoftheAmericanRevolution.JamesMadisonwasprimemoverinthepushtowriteandratifytheConstitution.James,MonroeandJohnQuincyAdamshadsignaltriumphs:MonroesuccessfullyfoughtagainsttheEnglishtroopsduringthewarin1814,andAdams,asMonroe’sSecretaryofState,conceivedtheMonroeDoctrine,whichwavedEuropeoffthewesternhemisphere.AndrewJackson,thefrontierwarrior,beattheCreekIndiansintheoldsouthwestandBritishinNewOrleans.

ItwasnotuntiltheeighthPresidentMartinVanBurenthatAmericanaimedlower.VanBurenwasasmoothself-mademanfromupstateNewYorkwhoclamberedtoleadershipfirstinhisstate,thenintheDemocraticPartynationwide.Hewasawirepullerandwheeler-dealer.FormerPresidentJohnQuincyAdamspraisedhis“calmness”,“gentleness”and“discretion”,thoughnothis“profounddissimulation(掩饰)”and“fawning(讨好)servility”.VanBurenwasapol,first,lastandalways.HeshowedthatintrigueandtheartofpopularitywerenowenoughtowintheWhiteHouse.Since1841,mostsuccessfulpresidentialcandidateshavepassedtheVanBurentest.Theelectoratewantsleaderswhohaveplayedthegame,eventheyhaven’tbeenAll-Stars.It’salowbutsensiblehurdle;Obamaqualifiesbythatstandard.

Votersalsodon’ttakekindlytonon-politicians:twobusinessmen,WendellWillkieandRossPerot,madeseriousrunsfortheWhiteHouse,althoughneithercameclose.Americanswillelectapoliticalneophyte(新手)onlyifhepassestheHamiltontestofpre-eminentability,UlyssesS.GrantandDwightEisenhowerhadneverheldelectiveoffice,buttheywontheirwars.SomePresidentspassbothtests:TheodoreRooseveltfoughtwellintheSpanish-AmericanWarandinNewYorkStatepolitics.Amongtheprospective2008candidates,onlyonehasshownpre-eminentability:RudyGuiliani,insolvingthecrimeprobleminthenation’slargestcityandinhisresponseto9/11.

Butispre-eminentabilityareliablepredictorofsuccess?Itdoesn’tguaranteevictoryatthepolls.HenryClaywasmasteroflegislativefinessewhohelpedbrokertheMissouriCompromisesof1820—1821,adealbetweenslavestatesandfreestatesthatkeptthetwosidesfromeachother’sthroatsfor30years.YethefailedtobecomePresidentinthreetries.Greatachievementsdon’tguaranteegreatpresidenciesevenwhenthepre-eminentmanwins.TheEisenhowerAdministration,scornedbyeggheadsoftheleftandrightwhileitwasgoingon,hasrevisedupwardbylaterscholars,andasimilarprocessisliftingGrant’spresidencyfromthecellartowhichanunholyallianceofneo-Confederatesandgenteelreformershadconsignedit.Butneithermanwilleverbeconsideredasgreatinpeaceashewasinwar.

Therehavealsobeenordinary-seemingpoliticianswhobecameepoch-makingPresidents.Afterthe1932Democratic,ConventionpickedNewYorkgovernorFranklinD.Roosevelt,journalistH.L.Menckendescribedhimasaman“whosecompetencewasplainlyindoubt.”TheRepublicannominationofone-termIllinoiscongressmanAbrahamLincolnin1860broughtthissneerfromdiaristGeorgeTempletonStrong:“Hecutagreatmanyrails,andworkedonaflatboatinearlyyouth;allwhichissomehowpresumptiveevidenceofhisstatesmanship.”

Statesmanshipisanart,whichmeansthereisalwaysroomforinspiration,andforgrace.Wearerighttolookforarecordofpre-eminentabilitywhenwecanfindit.Butthebasicdoctrineofrepublicangovernment,thatallmenarecreatedequal,canbeasurprisebonusforsomeleaders,aswellasaguaranteeofrightsforallofus.Sometimesgreatnessappearsinunlikelyplaces,eveninordinarypolsfromIllinois.

1.InHamilton’sview,“thebestmen”includeallthefollowingEXCEPT____.

2.VanBurencouldwinthepresidencyNOTbecause____.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotproper?

4.Theword“finesses”thefifthparagraphprobablymeans____.

5.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?

问题1选项

A.thosewhoarecapableandnoble-minded

B.thosewhohavetheartofpopularity

C.thosewhoconfirmedHamilton’sprediction

D.JohnAdamswhomadegreatachievement

问题2选项

A.ofhisintrigueandtheartofpopularity

B.hewasaself-mademanfromupstateNewYork

C.ofhis“profounddissimulation”and“fawningservility”

D.theAmericanschangedtheirstandards

问题3选项

A.Hamiltonthoughtthatthebestmenwouldholdthepresidency.

B.Neithergreatabilitiesnorachievementsensurethesuccessfulpresidency.

C.Allthepresidentsfromthewarwereslightlycriticizedbythepublic.

D.EvenafreshmancanbeelectedasPresidentifheisprominentinability.

问题4选项

A.intrigue

B.approach

C.measure

D.skill

问题5选项

A.ObamawillprobablybecomePresidentaccordingtotheAmericanhistory.

B.Allthepresidentialcandidatesshouldpassboththetwomentionedtests.

C.WhowillbethenextU.S.Presidentisstillnotclearbeforeelection.

D.AnypresidentialcandidateswouldbreaktheHamiltonandVanBuren’stests.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

InHamilton’sview,“thebestmen”includeallthefollowingEXCEPT____.在汉密尔顿（Hamilton）看来，“最优秀的人”包括以下所有人，除了____。

A.thosewhoarecapableandnoble-mindedA.那些德才兼备的人

B.thosewhohavetheartofpopularityB.那些有受欢迎的技巧的人

C.thosewhoconfirmedHamilton’spredictionC.那些证实汉密尔顿预测的人

D.JohnAdamswhomadegreatachievementD.取得了巨大成就的约翰•亚当斯（JohnAdams）

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Hamilton’sview和thebestmen定位到原文第二段。本段第三、四、五句提到“他认为，赢得这份工作的难度，实际上保证了这份工作将由最优秀的人（thebestmen）担任”，“‘低级阴谋的天赋和受欢迎的小技巧（thelittleartofpopularity）’只会‘给人带来一个州里（hefirsthonorsinasinglestate）的最高荣誉’”，“但只有‘德才兼得（pre-eminentforabilityandvirtue）的人’，才能给整个国家留下深刻印象（impressthenationasawhole）”。由此可知，汉密尔顿认为“有受欢迎的小技巧”的人只能在一个州的范围内有所成就，他们不是能够成为总统的最优秀的人。因此，B选项“那些有受欢迎的技巧的人”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“那些德才兼备的人”，由【解题思路】可知，“德才兼备的人”是汉密尔顿认为的最优秀的人，该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰；

C选项“那些证实汉密尔顿预测的人”，可定位到原文第二段第六句，该句提到“前七任总统，证实了汉密尔顿的预言（confirmedHamilton’sprediction）。”由此可知，这些人证实了汉密尔顿的预测，他们成功担任了美国的总统，说明他们是最优秀的人。该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰；

D选项“取得了巨大成就的约翰•亚当斯”，可定位到原文第二段第七句，该句提到“乔治•华盛顿、约翰•亚当斯（JohnAdams）和托马斯•杰斐逊是美国独立战争的英雄。”由此可知，约翰•亚当斯是美国前七任总统之一，那么他也属于汉密尔顿认为的最优秀的人。该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰。

第2题:【选项释义】

VanBurencouldwinthepresidencyNOTbecause____.范布伦（VanBuren）能够赢得总统大选并不是因为____。

A.ofhisintrigueandtheartofpopularityA.他的秘密谋划和受欢迎的技巧

B.hewasaself-mademanfromupstateNewYorkB.他是一个来自纽约北部的白手起家的人

C.ofhis“profounddissimulation”and“fawningservility”C.他“彻底的掩饰”和“讨好的奴性”

D.theAmericanschangedtheirstandardsD.美国人改变了他们的标准

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词VanBuren定位到原文第三段。本题谈论的是范布伦赢得总统大选的原因，并且要求选择不是原因的那一项。本段第二句提到“范布伦是一个来自纽约北部的白手起家的圆滑的（asmoothself-mademanfromupstateNewYork）人”，其中“来自纽约北部、白手起家”只是对范布伦背景的介绍，并不是他当选的原因。因此，B选项“他是一个来自纽约北部的白手起家的人”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他的秘密谋划和受欢迎的技巧”，可定位到原文第三段倒数第四句，该句提到“他向世人表明，如今，阴谋和受欢迎的技巧（intrigueandtheartofpopularity）已经足以赢得白宫（wintheWhiteHouse）。”“赢得白宫”即获取总统大选的胜利，入主白宫。由此可知，“阴谋和受欢迎的技巧”是范布伦赢得胜利的原因，该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰；

C选项“他‘彻底的掩饰’和‘讨好的奴性’”，可定位到原文第三段第四句，该句提到“前总统亚当斯称赞他‘冷静’、‘彬彬有礼’和‘谨慎’，虽然不是他的‘彻底的掩饰’（profounddissimulation）和‘讨好的奴性’（fawningservility）。”由此可知，“彻底的掩饰”和“讨好的奴性”的确是范布伦的特点，只不过不是前总统赞赏的点罢了。实际上这是A选项“他的秘密谋划和受欢迎的技巧”的体现。因此，该选项也是他赢得大选的原因，该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰；

D选项“美国人改变了他们的标准”，可定位到原文第三段第一句，该句提到“直到第八任总统马丁•范布伦，美国