考研考博-英语-新乡学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新乡学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Wantingto（）muchandworkingharderthaneverdonotleavemuchroomforrelationships.

问题1选项

A.preoccupy

B.feast

C.accomplish

D.predominate

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。preoccupy“使全神贯注”；feast“赴宴”；accomplish“完成”；predominate“支配，主宰”。句意：想要占主导地位，就要比以往任何时候都更努力地工作，不要给人际关系留下太多时间。选项D符合题意。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1996年，世界上海拔最高的现代化的、多功能的大型图书馆西藏自治区图书馆建成开馆。

她不想被别人看成卖弄才学的女子。

竞争确有好处，它能逼你去创造、去革新。

中国不寻求霸权或支配世界事务，而是倡导建立国际政治经济新秩序。

维护祖国统一事关中华民族的根本利益，中国人民将义无反顾的捍卫国家主权和领土完整，绝不允许任何人以任何方式把台湾从中国分裂出去。

【答案】In1996,thelarge,modemandmulti-functionalTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,theworld’shighestinaltitude,wascompletedandopenedtothepublic.

Shedidnotwanttobelookeduponasabluestocking.

Competitionisagoodthingforcingyoutobecreativeandinnovative.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairsbuttoadvocateanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithresolve,neverallowinganyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.

3.单选题

Ifinnovatorsarenotfinanciallyrewardedfortheirinnovations,theincentiveforpath-breakinginnovationwilleventuallydryup.

问题1选项

A.investment

B.resource

C.inspiration

D.stimulus

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。句意:如果创新者不能从改革创新中获取经济回报，那么他们的创新最终就会减弱。investment:投资，投入;resource:资源，财力;inspiration:灵感，鼓舞;stimulus刺激。incentive:动机，刺激。故选D。

4.单选题

WallStreetinaconceptualsenserepresentsfinancialandeconomicpower.ToAmericans,itcansometimesrepresentelitismandpowerpolitics,anditsrolehasbeenasourceofcontroversythroughoutthenation’shistory,particularlybeginningaroundtheGildedAgeperiodinthelate19thcentury.WallStreetbecamethesymbolofacountryandeconomicsystemthatmanyAmericanssawashavingdevelopedthroughtrade,capitalism,andinnovation.

WallStreethasbecomesynonymouswithfinancialinterests,oftenusednegatively.Duringthemortgagemessfrom2007一2010,WallStreetfinancingwasblamedasoneofthecauses,althoughmostcommentatorsblameaninterplayoffactors.TheU.S.governmentwiththeTroubledAssetReliefProgrambailedoutthebanksandfinancialbackerswithbillionsoftaxpayerdollars,butthebailoutwasoftencriticizedaspoliticallymotivated,andwascriticizedbyjournalistsaswellasthepublic.OnewriterintheHuffingtonPostlookedatFBIstatisticsonrobbery,fraud,andcrimeandconcludedthatWallStreetwasthe“mostdangerousneighborhoodintheUnitedStates”ifonefactoredinthe$50billionfraudperpetratedbyBernieMadoff.ManycomplainedthattheresultingSarbanes-Oxleylegislationdampenedthebusinessclimate.InterestgroupsseekingfavorwithWashingtonlawmakers,suchascardealers,haveoftensoughttoportraytheirinterestsasalliedwithMainStreetratherthanWallStreet.WhentheUnitedStatesTreasurybailedoutlargefinancialfirms,toostensiblyhaltadownwardspiralinthenation’seconomy,therewastremendousnegativepoliticalfallout,particularlywhenreportscameoutthatmoniessupposedtobeusedtoeasecreditrestrictionswerebeingusedtopaybonusestohighly-paidemployees.AnalystWilliamCohanarguedthatitwas“obscene（肮脏的）”howWallStreetreaped“massiveprofitsandbonusesin2009”afterbeingsavedby“trillionsofdollarsofAmericantaxpayers’treasure”despiteWallStreet’s“greedandirresponsiblerisk-taking”.WashingtonPostreporterSuzanneMcGeecalledforWallStreettomakeasortofpublicapologytothenation,andexpresseddismaythatpeoplesuchasGoldmanSachschiefexecutiveLldydBlankfeinhadn’texpressedcontrition（悔悟）despitebeingsuedbytheSEC（SecuritiesandExchangeCommission）in2009.McGeewrotethat“Bankersaren’tthesoleculprits,buttheirdenialsofresponsibilityandtheoccasionalvagueandwafflingexpressionofregretdon’tgofarenoughtodeflectanger”.

ButchiefbankinganalystatGoldmanSachs,RichardRamsden,is“unapologetic”andsees“banksasthedynamos（发电机）thatpowertherestoftheeconomy”.Ramsdenbelieves“risk-takingisvital”.Othersinthefinancialindustrybelievethey’vebeenunfairlycriticizedbythepublicandbypoliticians.

ImagesofWallStreetanditsfigureshaveloomedlarge.The1987OliverStonefilmWallStreetcreatedtheiconicfigureofGordonGekkowhousedthephrase“greedisgood”,whichhadanunexpectedculturalinfluence,notcausingthemtoturnawayfromcorporategreed,butcausingmanyyoungpeopletochooseWallStreetcareers.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

2.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattherealrootofthefinancialcrisisis（）.

4.InthefilmWallStreet,GordonGekkocouldbestbedescribedasa(n)（）.

问题1选项

A.PhysicalLayoutofWallStreet.

B.WallStreetinthePublic’sEyes.

C.InfluencesoftheFilmWallStreet.

D.WallStreetasaFinancialCenter.

问题2选项

A.WallStreethasarousedconsiderablepublicinterest

B.thebailoutprogramplaysanegativeroleinAmericanpolitics

C.WallStreetistheonlyoffenderbehindtheglobaleconomiccrisis

D.thepartWallStreethasplayedintheAmericaneconomyisunderattack

问题3选项

A.USgovernment’sexistinglegislationonbusinessclimate

B.USgovernment’spolitically-motivatedbailoutplan

C.WallStreet’sfavorabletreatmenttointerestgroups

D.WallStreet’slackofresponsibilityandhumanity

问题4选项

A.idiot

B.idol

C.idealist

D.gossip

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.结合文章内容可知,第一段主要讲美国公众对华尔街的整体看法,接下来的段落便是具体的描述公众眼中的华尔街。所以选项B最为恰当。

2.根据第一段可知选项A正确;根据第二段第三句“...butthebailoutwasoftencriticizedaspoliticallymotivated,andwascriticizedbyjournalistsaswellasthepublic.”可知选项B正确;根据第二段的内容可知选项D也正确,只有选项C在文中没有提及,且选项中only表述太绝对。所以本题选C。

3.根据第二段分析师WilliamCohan说的话可知,华尔街金融危机的根源是其贪婪和不负责任的冒险行为所导致的,选项D符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知,电影《华尔街》塑造了戈登•盖柯的标志性人物,他说“贪婪是好的”。这句话产生了意想不到的文化影响,不仅没有让年轻人摆脱集体的贪婪,反而让他们选择来华尔街冒险。由此可知,戈登•盖柯被塑造成为了一个偶像,所以选项B正确。

5.单选题

Therehasnotbeenagreatresponsetothesale,（）?

问题1选项

A.doesit

B.hasit

C.doesthere

D.hasthere

【答案】D

【解析】Therebe的反义疑问句直接用be动词+there。

6.单选题

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnew

peoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.

Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehatsforexample.Incowclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:acyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWordWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse•Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofmetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.

However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon’tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（

）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto

（

）.

3.Causesoffashionsare

（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes

（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

问题2选项

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

问题3选项

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

问题4选项

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

问题5选项

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion(十多岁或二十出头的时候，会比一生当中任何其他时期都关注自己的外表。极少人满意自己的本来面貌，少数人足够勇敢忽视时尚潮流),故选C(完全不忽视时尚潮流)。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词magazineandTV定位至第二段:MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment(大多数时尚杂志或电视广告总是告诉我们应该穿什么或者应该有什么行为。如果我们照做了，他们会告诉我们，我们可以有信心的交新朋友，充满信心的处理事情，不会尴尬)。故选A。

3.判断推理题。根据关键词cause定位至第三段:Whatcausefashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion(什么导致了时尚变化呢？有时候便利，实用必须，或是一个有影响力的人的爱好都可以造就时尚)。故选B。

4.细节事实题。由关键词freerandeasier定位至第五段:Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion(当今社会比曾经更为自由和舒适。只要合情合理，或者做你喜欢的发型，而不是你应该按照时尚去穿去做)。因此选D(个性)

5.主旨大意题。文章最后一段主要讲的是在某些场合，尤其是正式场合，外观是很重要的。故选A(关注正式场合的外观)。

7.单选题

Amotionpicturedirectorforovertwentyyears,JohnChampmanstampedhisfilmwith（

）tyleandpersonalconviction.

问题1选项

A.himself

B.hisown

C.his

D.him

【答案】B

【解析】考查人称代词和物主代词的用法。句意：二十多年来，电影导演John将他的电影深深烙上了个人风格和个人信仰的记号。选项B符合题意。hisown“他自己的”。

8.单选题

Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit,youoftengetvery（

）.

问题1选项

A.waxy

B.sticky

C.slippery

D.greasy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项waxy“蜡制的，似蜡的，质地光滑的”；B选项sticky“粘性的”；C选项slippery“滑的，狡猾的，棘手的”；D选项greasy“多油的，油污的，油腻的”。由“Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit，youoftengetvery___（如果你在车底下修理汽车，你通常会____）”可知D选项符合语境。句意：如果你在车底下修理汽车，你通常会弄得满身油污。

9.单选题

V.Duringthefirsthalf2015,boththeDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersbecameablemastersofsocialmedia,pressreleases,andlobbyingtacticstocurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.Trianwasabletowinthepublicendorsementofsignificantproxyadvisoryfirms(suchasGlass-LewisandISS),whileDuPontsecuredsupportofsignificantinstitutionalinvestors(suchasCALPERS).Whenthedustfinallysettled,theincumbentshadekedoutvictoriesonallfourchallengedseats.Butthemarginwasuncomfortablysmall,withthesplitlargelyseparatingself-identified“longterm”investors(includingindexfundssuchasVanguard,BlackRockandStateStreet)from“shortterm”investors(whichincludedbothactivisthedgefundsandasizableportionofretailinvestors—estimatedtocontrolaroundthirtypercentoftheshares).

ThegovernancekerfuffleatDuPont,andtherhetoricalfisticuffsitprecipitated,helpsmotivatethispaper:Indeed,whileDuPontisacompellingcasestudyinitsownright,itisalsoemblematicofagrowingrecenttrendofshareholderactivism—onethathasattractedanincreasinglyperferviddebatewithinthecorporatelawandfinancecommunityaroundcontemporaryactivism’smerits.ThereislittledoubtthatactivismhasbecomeaforcetobereckonedwithamongU.S.issuers.ThelastfifteenyearsbearwitnesstoadiscernibleescalationofproxyfightssimilartoDuPont’s.Moreover,evenasthenumberofproxychallengershasescalated,theyhaveenjoyedgreatersuccess:dissidentsnowgainsomemeasureofvictory(throughsettlementoroutrightvictory)inovertwo-thirdsofthechallengestheylaunch.

Theburgeoningsuccessofproxyfightsisarguablyreflectedinthecontemporaneousgrowthofactivisthedgefunds,whichhaveballoonedfromunder$100millioninassetsundermanagementin2000toover$140billiontoday.Whiletheactivismtrendisremarkable,thecacophonousdebatesurroundingitreallystealstheshow.Thecompetingpositionsarebynowwell-troddenterrain.Activists,itisalleged,privilegeshorttermearningsovermoredurable(butlessliquid)investmentsinlongtermvalue,leadingtobusinessdecisionsthatnotonlyforsakelongtermvalueforimmediategain,butdosoinamannerthatsacrificesnetpresentvalue.Andindeed,severalstudiesofhedge-fundengagementsfindthathedgefundactivismsignificantlycurbslong-terminvestmentsinresearchanddevelopment,durableassets,andworkforcecapital.

1.Thefirstsentenceoftheparagraphsisclosestinmeaningwiththefollowingstatement.

2.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthefollowingbut___.

3.Thesecondparagraphtellsusthat___.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsaysthat“activistsprivilegeshorttermearningsovermoredurableinvestmentsinlongtermvalue”.Theunderlinedword“privilege”isclosestinmeaningwith___.

问题1选项

A.TheDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersaremasters.

B.VotingshareholdersofalltypesconcernaboutDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengers.

C.Socialmediaandpressreleasescurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.

D.TheDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersheldpressreleases.

问题2选项

A.DuPontwongreatvictory

B.significantinstitutionalinvestorssupportedDuPont

C.significantproxyadvisoryfirmssupportedTrian

D.theauthoristalkingaboutboardelection

问题3选项

A.thegovemanceatDuPonthascomeacrosssomeproblems

B.dissidentsgainovertwo-thirdsoftheseats

C.proxyfightssimilartoDuPont’sstarted15yearsago

D.shareholderactivismisgrowingandhasbecomeaforcetobereckonedwith

问题4选项

A.grantedspecialright

B.fightfor

C.favor

D.keepsecret

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段第一句Duringthefirsthalf2015,boththeDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersbecameablemastersofsocialmedia,pressreleases,andlobbyingtacticstocurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.（在2015年上半年，DuPont的在任者和Trian的挑战者们都成为了社交媒体、新闻发布和游说策略的高手，以讨好所有有投票权的股东）可知选B选项“所有类型的投票股东都关注DuPont公司的现任股东和Trian公司的挑战者”；A选项“DuPont公司和Trian公司的挑战者都是大师级人物”不符合原文的形容，原文是说社交媒体、新闻发布和游说策略的高手，A选项太宽泛；C选项“社交媒体和新闻稿都在讨好各种有投票权的股东”，D选项“DuPont公司和Trian公司的挑战者举行了新闻发布会”未涉及。因此B选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第一段Whenthedustfinallysettled,theincumbentshadekedoutvictoriesonallfourchallengedseats.（当尘埃落定时，在任者已在所有四个面临挑战的席位上险胜），结合第一句话可知在任者是指DuPont的在任者，则DuPont是险胜而不是巨大的胜利，A选项“DuPont公司赢得了巨大的胜利”和原文不符；第一段Trianwasabletowinthepublicendorsementofsignificantproxyadvisoryfirms,whileDuPontsecuredsupportofsignificantinstitutionalinvestors.（Trian能够赢得重要代理咨询公司的公众认可，而DuPont则获得了重要机构投资者的支持）可知B选项“重要的机构投资者支持DuPont”，C选项“重要的代理咨询公司支持Trian”符合原文；由第一段第一句Duringthefirsthalf2015,boththeDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersbecameablemastersofsocialmedia,pressreleases,andlobbyingtacticstocurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.（在2015年上半年，DuPont的在任者和Trian的挑战者们都成为了社交媒体、新闻发布和游说策略的高手，以讨好所有有投票权的股东）可以推测出这是在指董事会的选举，D选项“作者正在谈论董事会选举”符合原文。因此A选项正确。

3.主旨大意题。根据题干定位到第二段itisalsoemblematicofagrowingrecenttrendofshareholderactivism…ThereislittledoubtthatactivismhasbecomeaforcetobereckonedwithamongU.S.issuers.（这也象征着最近股东维权主义的发展趋势……毫无疑问，维权主义已成为美国发行人不可忽视的一股力量）可知选D选项“股东维权主义正在增长，并已成为一股不可忽视的力量”，第二段主要描述的就是股东维权主义的内容，原文提到ThegovernancekerfuffleatDuPont（DuPon的管治混乱）的例子是为了提供相应的论据来支持作者该观点，则A选项“DuPon公司的管理遇到了一些问题”并不是第二段告诉我们的主要内容；B选项“持不同政见者获得超过三分之二的席位”在文中未提及；第二段ThelastfifteenyearsbearwitnesstoadiscernibleescalationofproxyfightssimilartoDuPont’s.（过去十五年来，类似DuPon的代理权纠纷明显升级）根据这句话无法推测出C选项“与DuPon公司类似的代理权之争始于15年前”，排除。因此D选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据题干定位到原文划分单词句子Activists,itisalleged,privilegeshorttermearningsovermoredurable(butlessliquid)investmentsinlongtermvalue…（据称，在长期价值方面，激进分子优先考虑的是短期收益，而不是更持久（但流动性更差）的投资……），privilege在本句中是谓语，表示“给……特权；优先……”，选A选项“给予特殊的权利”；B选项“争取”，C选项“较喜欢；偏袒；有利于；（非正式）长得像；悉心照料”，D选项“保密”不符合原文的含义，排除。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

问题1选项

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onoccasion“间或，有时”，例句：Ithas,onoccasion，createdtroubleforthebank.(有时，这给银行造成麻烦。)；B选项onpurpose“故意”，例句：Icamehereonpurposetoseeyou.（我特地来这里看你。)；C选项oncondition“在……条件下，如果，倘若”，例句：Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.(你要穿上外套才能出去。)；D选项onlyif“只要，只有”。用于句首时，后面主句的主谓语要倒装，例如：Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.（只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进这屋。)。四个选项中只有C选项oncondition后面跟that从句，表示“在……条件下”。句意：他向我借钱，我同意了，但条件是下周还钱。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

11.单选题

Thegreatflames（）throughthedarkness.

问题1选项

A.glared

B.shone

C.shot

D.flared

【答案】D

【解析】glare怒视，瞪眼；shine闪耀，多指光照，光线等；shoot射击；flare闪耀，多指火焰等。句意：巨大的火焰在夜空中闪耀。所以选项D正确。

12.单选题

Itdidnottakelongforthecentralbankto（）theirfears.

问题1选项

A.soothe

B.snub

C.smear

D.sanctify

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。soothe“使平静，安慰，缓和”；snub“冷落，斥责”；smear“涂上，抹掉，诽谤”；sanctify“使神圣”。句意：银行并没有花费很长时间就缓解了人们的忧虑。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Unlikethelibertarians,hedoesnotbelievethestateisasecond-orderphenomenon,amereenablerorprotectorofwhatpeoplechoosetodoincivilsocietyor,alternatively,asaboteuroftheirfreedoms.

问题1选项

A.attributor

B.distracter

C.destroyer

D.precursor

【答案】C

【解析】与自由主义者不同，他不认为国家是一种二阶现象，仅仅是公民社会中人们选择做什么的推动者或保护者，或者是他们自由的破坏者。由“…or,alternatively”可知前后是截然相反的两种角色，前者是enabler和protector，则saboteur与之是相对立的。A选项attributor“属性；特质”；B选项distracter“误选项；干扰项”；C选项destroyer“破坏者”；D选项precursor“先驱，前导”。比较选项可知C选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Asculturesaremergedandtraditionslost,immigrantswillcometobeassimilated.

问题1选项

A.eliminated

B.revoked

C.modified

D.blended

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。merge表示“合并，融合”。A项eliminate“消除”，B项revoke“撤回，取消”，C项modify“修饰”，D项blend“混合，协调”；句意：随着文化的融合和传统的丧失，移民将会被同化。根据句意该题选D。

15.单选题

Dogownersmust（）thedog’swasteincontainersprovidedthroughoutthepark.

问题1选项

A.pickup

B.setaside

C.disposeof

D.takeoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项pickup“捡起；获得；收拾”；B选项setaside“留出；驳回，撤销；不顾”；C选项disposeof“处理；转让；解决；吃光；除掉；卖掉”；D选项takeoff“起飞；脱下；离开；突然成功”。句意：养狗人必须用公园内提供的容器处理狗的排泄物。A选项pickup应该更侧重于捡起狗狗拉在地上的排泄物，而题干中说到了在容器内，在容器内处理狗狗的排泄物更适合，因此C选项正确。

16.不定项选择题

Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimepasses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.Howdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplace?Informationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doessoviathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulationthatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.

Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathumanscanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.

Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwillforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.

Encodinginformationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecuesapersonisgiven(suchaspictures),themorelikelyamemorycanberetrieved.Thisiswhymultiplechoicetestsareoftenusedforsubjectsthatrequirealotofmemorization.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howdomemoriesgettransferredtotheSTM?

2.Howdotheoristsbelieveapersoncanremembermoreinformationinashorttime?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionadog’sbark?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutretrievinginformation?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyrevertfromthelongtermmemory.

B.Theyarefilteredfromthesensorystoragearea.

C.Theygetchunkedwhentheyenterthebrain.

D.Theyenterviathenervoussystem.

问题2选项

A.Byorganizingit.

B.Byrepeatingit.

C.Bygivingitaname.

D.Bywritingitdownonpaper.

问题3选项

A.Toexemplifypoormemory.

B.Toanalyzeatypeofinterruption.

C.Tocomparehumanmemorywithdogs’memory.

D.Toillustratethelackofefficiencyofroterehearsal.

问题4选项

A.Elaboraterehearsalcontributestoinformationretrieval.

B.Themostefficientwayofretrievinginformationistoassignsemanticmeaningtotheinformation.

C.It’simpossibletoretrieveforgotteninformationwithoutpictureprompts.

D.Encodinginformationismoreefficientthanchunkingit.

问题5选项

A.One’smemorycapacitycanbeenhancedbyroterehearsal.

B.Puttinginformationtowritingissuggestedtoimprovememory.

C.Providingsufficientpromptshelpsinformationretrieval