考研考博-英语-山东外事职业大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东外事职业大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Agroupofyoungmeninragssaunteredalongthestreet.

问题1选项

A.shuffled

B.rambled

C.tacked

D.hollered

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.shuffled拖着脚走，坐立不安B.rambled漫步，闲逛

C.tacked（用平头钉）钉住；戗风行驶D.hollered发牢骚，大声喊叫

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】由Agroupofyoungmeninrags（一群衣衫褴褛的年轻人）和street（街道）可推测，句子意思表示“一群衣衫褴褛的年轻人沿街闲逛”，划线单词sauntered表示“闲逛，漫步”。因此，B选项词义最为接近，该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项与划线单词意思不符合。

【句意】一群衣衫褴褛的年轻人沿街闲逛。

2.单选题

Ifwe（

）ourrelationswiththatcountry,we’llhavetofindanothersupplierofrawmaterials.

问题1选项

A.diffuse

B.diminish

C.terminate

D.preclude

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。diffuse“扩散”；diminish“减少”；terminate“使终止，使结束”；preclude“排除，妨碍”。句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Theapartmentwas（）as$50,000anditsownerdecidedtosellit.

问题1选项

A.automated

B.assessed

C.asserted

D.avenged

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项automate“使自动化”，B项assess“评定，估价”，C项assert“坚持，断言”，D项avenge“报复，报仇”。句意：这套公寓的估价为5万美元，房主决定卖掉它。根据句意，该题选B正确。

4.单选题

AsmanyofthearticlesinthisissueofTheMcKinseyQuarterlydemonstrate,companiesinthedevelopedworldareoutsourcing（资源外置）everlargerportionsoftheirbusinesstolow-cost,highlyskilledworkersinthedevelopingworld.Drivingthistrendistheremarkableabilityoftheglobalworkforcetolearnonthejob.

Infact,therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,political,andintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.TheresearchoftheMcKinseyGlobalInstitute(MGI)duringthepastdecadehasconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

MGIhasfoundampleevidenceinthedevelopingworldtosupportthisconclusion.InBrazil,forexample,thetwoleadingprivateretailbanksarelocallyownedandstaffedbutachievenear-globallevelsofbest-practiceproductivity.AHondafactoryinBrazilperformsalmostaswellasthecompany’sJapaneseandUSplants.Inthesamecountry,theFrenchhypermarketchainCarrefourachievesabout90percentoftheproductivitythatitachievesathome.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Ihavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon'tforceit.Afterall,that'showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn'thavetimeforeducation.Theydidn'thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Wecanconcludefromthesecondparagraphthatinpoorcountries（

）.

2.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theeconomicgrowthisneeded

（

）.

3.Accordingtothetext,educationgotstarted（

）.

问题1选项

A.progressineducationisnecessaryforthepoliticaldevelopment

B.theimportanceofeducationhasbeenoverestimated

C.thepooreducationresultsinthelowstandardsofliving

D.thetraditionalviewabouteducationisgroundless

问题2选项

A.beforeeducationcanprogress

B.beforeapoliticalsystemcanoperate

C.inpoorcountriestoescapepoverty

D.toadapttothecompetitiveenvironment

问题3选项

A.whenthegovernmentforcedpeopletostudy

B.whenourancestorshadenoughtime

C.whenourancestorswerenolongerphysicallyhungry

D.beforeourancestorsfoundbetterwaystogetfood

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong（然而，在贫穷国家教育应该是最优先促进经济快速发展的观点是错误的）可知B选项“教育的重要性被高估了”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由最后一段中的Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation...Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.（当竞争环境推动我们的祖先实现这一潜力时，他们又能提供更多的教育……然而，缺乏正规教育并不会限制发展中国家劳动力在可预见的未来大幅度提高生产力的能力）可知经济的增长需要适应竞争环境，因此选D。

3.细节事实题。文章第四段的内容为：教育与经济发展的真正关系是什么？我开始怀疑持续的经济增长会促进教育的发展，即使政府不强制教育。毕竟，教育就是这样开始的。当我们的祖先一万年前是猎人和采集者时，他们没有时间接受教育。可知教育开始在我们的祖先找到更好的食物的方法之前，因此选D。

5.单选题

Faulkner'sneighborsbothlovedandreviledhiminthesamebreath.

问题1选项

A.scolded

B.revealed

C.revived

D.reveled

【答案】A

【解析】句意：Faulkner的邻居们对他又爱又骂。reviled意为“辱骂，谩骂”。scolded责骂，训斥；revealed透露，显示；revived使复活，使恢复；reveled狂欢，陶醉。选项A与之意思相近。

6.单选题

Therewasagroupofdemonstrators（）anti-governmentslogansinthesquare.

问题1选项

A.crowing

B.chanting

C.intoning

D.crooning

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。crowing“啼叫”；chanting“喊叫，歌颂”；intoning“吟咏”；crooning“柔情低唱”。句意：一群游行示威者在广场上有节奏的高喊反政府的口号。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Shouldyoubreaktheruleagainststaringatastrangeronanelevator,youwillmaketheotherperson（）uncomfortable,andyouarelikelytofeelabitstrangeyourself.

问题1选项

A.opulently

B.excessively

C.consistently

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。opulently“富裕地，丰裕地”；excessively“过分地，极度”,强调的是超过合理范围的；consistently“一贯地，一致地”；exceedingly“极其，非常”，相当于very。句意：如果你在电梯里盯着陌生人看，你会让别人极其不舒服，并且你自己也会觉得很奇怪。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Tryingto（）thebestcourseofactioninthefaceofthedecliningmarket,heconsultedCharlesBillwhohadworkedforaleadingfirminChicagoasmarketingconsultantformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.reasonout

B.markout

C.spellout

D.sendout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。reasonout“推理出，推论出”；markout“规划；制定”；spellout“讲清楚”；sendout“发送，派遣”。根据后面heconsultedCharlesBill“他咨询了查尔斯•比尔”可知他是“为了制定最好的行动方案来面对衰退的市场”，因此选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable,thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisfact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredthenthefacewillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyethenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople.75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantstonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone'sconversationpartner’.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselves-toglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact;iftheyarenotlooking,atthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（

）.

2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner’neckbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（

）.

5.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（

）.

问题1选项

A.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson’sinnerworld

B.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

问题2选项

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering

问题3选项

A.theydon'tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker

B.theydon’thowtocommunicatethrougheyecontact

C.theydon’tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D.theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood

问题4选项

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

问题5选项

A.nottoweardarkglasses

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepaused

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句提到“眼睛是心灵的窗户这个说法是有争议的，但是在人际交往中眼睛非常重要是事实”Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable,thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisfact，选项B“在表达情感和交流思想时非常重要”符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。文章第一段第四句话提到“一张真正的人脸但是眼睛被遮住了不能引发婴儿笑，只露出一只眼睛的侧脸也不能让婴儿笑”（arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredthenthefacewillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyethenthefaceispresentedinprofile），由此可知选项C“从侧面看某人的脸”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。文章第一段提到“日本的婴儿被母亲背在背上，在他们的文化中没有接收太多关于眼神交流的内容”（InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantstonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures），所以他们交流时喜欢看对方的脖子而不是眼睛，选项D符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到“重要的是他们要在说话人重新建立眼神交流的时刻看向说话人；如果他们没有看向对方，说话人会认为他们对所说话题不感兴趣或者以为他们想中断谈话”（Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact;iftheyarenotlooking,atthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation），因此选项C“停止眼神交流的时间不当”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句话提到“当谈话双方都戴墨镜的时候就会知道这种眼神交流对于保持通畅谈话有多重要：可能会中途被打断，错误的开始或者意料之外的停顿等等”（Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact;iftheyarenotlooking,atthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation），选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Hehasgiven（）excusesforbeinglate;butnoneofthemistrue.

问题1选项

A.number

B.numeral

C.numerable

D.numerous

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他给出很多迟到的理由，但是没有一个是真的。

考查形容词辨析。number数字，号码；numeral数字，数码;numerable可数的，可计算的；numerous很多的，许多的。根据后面句意“但是没有一个是真的”可知D符合句意。

11.单选题

Hedevelopeda（）attitudeafteryearsoffrustrationinhiscareer.

问题1选项

A.encouraged

B.disgusted

C.drastic

D.cynical

【答案】D

【解析】encouraged鼓舞人心的；disgusted厌烦的；drastic激烈的；cynical愤世嫉俗的。句意：在经历了多年的事业挫折之后，他变得愤世嫉俗。选项D符合语境。

12.单选题

HehasbeeninChinaforayearandstudiedthemarkettodiscoverthe（

）forprofitableinvestment.

问题1选项

A.necessity

B.reality

C.capacity

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他在中国待了一年来研究市场，以便发现投资获利的可能性。

考查名词辨析。Necessity必然,必要,需要;reality现实,事实;capacity容量,能力,职位;potential可能,潜能。故D符合句意。

13.单选题

Visionsareaskedto（

）withtheregulations.

问题1选项

A.conflict

B.consult

C.comply

D.contrast

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conflict“冲突”；consult“咨询”；comply“遵守”；contrast“对比”。句意：愿景被要求遵守于规则。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Thechildrenhaveamore（

）view,onlytakinginconsiderationwhatwillwork.

问题1选项

A.pragmatic

B.dreary

C.marital

D.dominant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pragmatic“实用的，讲求实效的”；B选项dreary“令人沮丧的，沉闷的”；C选项marital“婚姻的，夫妻关系的”；D选项dominant“首要的，占支配地位的，占优势的”。由后面的“onlytakinginconsiderationwhatwillwork（只有考虑到什么才能起作用）”可知A选项最符合逻辑搭配。句意：孩子们有一个更实用的观点，只考虑什么会起作用。

15.单选题

Theannual（）ofthedepartmentstorestartstomorrow.

问题1选项

A.stocking

B.stocktaking

C.stockpiling

D.stockholding

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析。stocking长袜；stocktaking盘点存货；stockpiling贮存，囤积；stockholding持有股票或证券。句意：百货公司的年度盘点明天开始。选项B符合句意。

16.单选题

Thelocalgovernmentreducedthetaxonpetrolasa（）tothepublicoutcry.

问题1选项

A.conception

B.consensus

C.contempt

D.concession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项conception“怀孕；概念；设想”；B选项consensus“一致；舆论；合意”；C选项contempt“轻视，蔑视；耻辱”；D选项concession“让步；承认；退位”。句意：当地政府减少汽油税来当作对公众强烈抗议的让步。根据句意可知D选项正确。

17.单选题

Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdealoratleastmanypartsofithave.Insomeways,however,verylittleliaschanged,particularlywhereattitudesareconcerned.Ideasaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow.

Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddle-classpeople,suchasteachersanddoctors.Asaresultofthisandalsoofthefactthatworkers’jobsweregenerallymuchlesssecure,distinctdifferencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved,havinggivenhiswifeher"housekeeping",wouldgooutandsquandertherestonbeerandbetting.

Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth.Hewasandstillisinclinedtotakealonger-termview.Notonlydidheregardbuyingahouseasanimportantthing,buthealsoconsideredtheeducationofhischildrenasextremelyimportant.Bothoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity.Onlyinveryfewcasesdidworkershavetheopportunity(ortheeducationandtraining)tomakesuchlong-termplans.

Nowadays,agreatdealhaschanged.Inalargenumberofcasesfactoryworkersearnasmuch,ifnotmore,thantheirmiddle-classsupervisors.Socialsecurityandlaws,combinedwithageneralriseinthestandardoflivingsincethemid-fiftiesofthe20thcentury,havemadeitlessnecessarythanbeforetoworryabout"tomorrow".Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast.Infacttherehasbeenagrowingtendencyinthepastfewyearsforthemiddle-classestofeelslightlyashamedoftheirposition.

Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople.Theygenerallytendtoshareverysimilartastesinmusicandclothes,theyspendtheirmoneyinhavingagoodtime,andsaveforholidaysorlonger-termplanswhennecessary.Thereseemstobemuchlessdifferencethaninpreviousgenerations.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid.Aslongasthisgapexists,therewillalwaysbeapossibilitythatnewconflictsandjealousieswillemerge,orratherthattheoldconflictswillre-appear,butbetweendifferentgroups.

1.Whichofthefollowingisseenasthecauseofclassdifferencesinthepast?

2.Thewriterseemstosuggestthatthedescriptionof（）isclosertotruth?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotatypicalfeatureofthemiddleclass?

4.Working-classpeople'ssenseofsecurityincreasedasaresultofallthefollowingfactorsexcept?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrect?

问题1选项

A.lifestyleandoccupation

B.Attitudeandincome

C.incomeandjobsecurity

D.jobsecurityandhobbies

问题2选项

A.middle-classwaysofspendingmoney

B.working-classwaysofspendingtheweekend

C.working-classdrinkinghabits

D.middle-classattitudes

问题3选项

A.desiringforsecurity

B.Makinglongtermplans

C.havingprioritiesinlife

D.savingmoney

问题4选项

A.bettersocialsecurity

B.morejobopportunities

C.higherlivingstandard

D.betterlegalprotection.

问题5选项

A.ChangesareslowlytakingplaceinallsectorsoftheBritishsociety.

B.Thegapbetweenworking-classandmiddle-classyoungpeopleisnarrowing.

C.differenceinincomewillremainbutthoseinoccupationwilldisappear.

D.middle-classpeoplemaysometimesfeelinferiortoworking-classpeople.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出:Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddle-classpeople,suchasteachersanddoctors.Asaresultofthisandalsoofthefactthatworkers’jobsweregenerallymuchlesssecure,distinctdifferencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence(过去，工人阶级的工资往往低于中产阶级，如教师和医生。由于这一点，也由于工人的工作普遍不太稳定，生活方式和态度出现了明显的差异),因此选C“收入和工作稳定”。

2.细节事实题。第三段指出:Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth(中产阶级花钱的旧模式或许更接近真实),因此A项“中产阶级花钱的方式”正确。

3.细节事实题。A:渴望安全,C:在生活中有优先考虑的事情,第三段指出:Notonlydidheregardbuyingahouseasanimportantthing,buthealsoconsideredtheeducationofhischildrenasextremelyimportant.Bothoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity(他(中产阶级)不仅将买房子看成是一件重要的事情，且他还认为自己孩子的教育非常重耍。这两个方而为他和自己的家庭提供了安全),因此A和C属于中产阶级的典型特点。B:制定长远的计划,由第三段“Hewasandstillisinclinedtotakealonger-termview(他（即中产阶级）过去且现在仍然倾向于去采取更长远的观点)”可知B项属于中产阶级的典型特点。只有D项“攒钱”没提及,故选D。

4.细节事实题。A:更好的社会保障,B:更多的工作机会,C:更高的生活水平,D:更好的法律保护,第三段指出:Socialsecurityandlaws,combinedwithageneralriseinthestandardoflivingsincethemid-fiftiesofthe20thcentury,havemadeitlessnecessarythanbeforetoworryabout"tomorrow"(社会保障和法律，以及20世纪以来生活水平的普遍提高，让大家相比以前更没有必要去担心‘明天’),故A、C、D属于导致工人阶级安全感提升的因素。B项文章未提及。

5.细节事实题。A:英国社会的各个方面都正在发生缓慢变化,第一段指出:Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdealoratleastmanypartsofithave.Insomeways,however,verylittlehaschanged,particularlywhereattitudesareconcerned(过去25年里，英国社会发生了很大变化或至少它的很多方而发生了很大的变化，但有些方而却没什么变化),因此A项与原文不符。B:工人阶级和中产阶级年轻人之间的差距正在缩小,由最后一段“Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople(（工人阶级与中产阶级）在生活方式和态度上的改变可能最容易在年轻人身上被看到)”可知B与原文相符。C:收人差异将仍然存在，但是在职业上的那些差异将会消失,最后一段指出:Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid（whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave）andthelow-paid(然而，我们在收入高的人（无论他们可能有的工作种类是什么）和收人差的人之间仍然将会有大的落差),因此C与原文相符。D:中产阶级有时感觉不如工人阶级,第四段指出:Infacttherehasbeenagrowingtendencyinthepastfewyearsforthemiddle-classestofeelslightlyashamedoftheirposition(实际上，在过去数年里中产阶级为自己的位置感到有些羞愧的倾向在不断增加),因此D项与原文相符。故答案选A。

18.翻译题

Shoppingwasstressfulformen.Insomecases,whenwelookedatheartrateandbloodpressure,wesawsomethingyou’dexpecttoseeinfighterpilotsgoingintocombatorpolicemengoingintodangeroussituations.

Guy-modeshoppingisnotcompatiblewithfemaleshopping.Femaleshoppinginvolveslong-terminteractionwithcrowdsofpeoplewhodon’treallyknowwhattheywant,orwheretheywanttogo.Nomancanstandmuchofthis.Wemenareallaboutcompletion—gettingin,gettingthejobdone,andgettingout.

Here’showI’veshopped:1.DecideonthethingIwant.2.Callaroundtofindanearlydesertedstorethathasthething.3.Gotothestore.4.Walkdirectlytothething.5.Buyit.6.Getitwrapped.7.Peelout.

Lastyear,IboughtwifeBrendaacoffeepotforChristmas.Thewholeprocess,doortodoor，tookabout15minutes.Still，Iwasshakingwhenitwasover.

Aguymakesaplan,carriesitoutandexits.Wedon’twander,wedon’tbrowse,andwedon’tdoawholelotofcomparing.Ifwesaywe’regoingwindowshopping,youcanexpectustocomehomewithawindow.Mostofthemenadmittedthattheywouldchoosethefirstgifttheysaw,ratherthanspendtimeincrowdedstores.

Let’sseehowDavidbuyscars:Hecallsdowntothecarlotandtellshissalesmantostartdrivingcarsbyhisofficewindow.IfDaviddoesn’tlikeacar,hejustwavesthesalesmanon.Ifacarcatcheshiseye,Davidholdsuphishand.Thesalesmanpullsover.Davidwalksoutandexaminesthecarupclose.Ifhestilllikesthecarafterfiveminutes,hewritesacheck.

【答案】购物对男人来说是有压力的。在一些情况下，当我们观察心率和血压时，我们看到了一些你会在战斗机飞行员进入战斗或警察进入危险的情况下看到的一种状态。

男性模式的购物与女性不同。女性购物需要与一群不知道自己想要什么、想去哪里的人进行长期互动。而这些男人无法忍受。我们男人都是为了达到目标——达到目标，然后离开。

这是我购物的方式：1.确定我想买的东西；2.打电话到附近找一家几乎没人的商店，并且这个商店有这个东西；3.去这个商店；4.直接找到此商品；5.购买；6.包装好；7.离开。

去年，我给妻子买了个咖啡壶作为圣诞礼物。一个一个商店地逛，整个过程花了15分钟。结束时我仍然在发抖。

男人购物会制定计划，实施计划然后结束离开。我们不会闲逛、不会多浏览，也不会做大量的比较。如果我们说我们要去逛街看橱窗，你可以指望我们带着一扇窗回家。大多数男性承认，他们会选择他们看到的第一件礼物，而不是花时间在拥挤的商店里。

我们来看一下David是如何买汽车的：他打电话到汽车展销中心，告诉他的销售员开始在他办公室的窗户旁驾驶汽车。如果大卫不喜欢汽车，他就向销售员挥手示意。如果一辆汽车引起了他的注意，大卫就会举起手来。销售员把车停在路边。大卫走过去，近距离检查汽车。如果五分钟后他还喜欢这辆车，他就会开支票买下来。

19.单选题

Afterawholeday’sheavywork，theoldworkerreturnedhome,（

）.

问题1选项

A.hungryandfeltexhausting

B.hungerandexhausted

C.hungryandhavingbeenexhausted

D.hungryandexhausted

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词作状语。题干的主语是theoldworker,空格处填两个形容词来修饰主语。根据前一句“在一天的劳累工作之后”可知这个老工人是饥饿并且疲惫的。exhausting使筋疲力尽的；exhausted疲惫的。故D项正确。句意：在经历一天的劳累工作后，这个老工人带着饥饿和疲惫回家了。

20.翻译题

TheEnglishlanguagedoesnotstandstillanymorethanourotherinstitutions.Alllanguagechangesoveraperiodoftime,forreasonswhichareimperfectlyunderstood.Orrather,sincespeechisreallyaformofhumanactivity,likedancingorplayingthepiano-andnotanentityinitself-itismoreexacttosaythateachsuccessivegenerationbehaveslinguisticallyinalightlydifferentmannerfromitspredecessors.Inhisteenstheyoungmanisimpatientofwhatheconsiderstobetheundulyformalandunnaturalvocabularyandpronunciationofhiseldersandhelikestoshowhowuptodateheisbytheuseofthelatestslang,butastheyearsgoby,someofhisslangbecomesstandardusageandinanycaseheslowlygrowslessreceptivetolinguisticnovelties.

【答案】英语和我们的其他体系一样，不会停滞不前。所有的语言都会在一段时间内发生变化，变化的原因人们还不完全理解。或者更确切地说，因为语言是人类活动的一种形式，就像跳舞或演奏钢琴一样，而不是一种实体本身，因此更准确的说法应该是每一代人与上一代相比，在语言行为上都略有不同。青少年会认为长辈的语言过于正式，词汇和发音都不自然，对此他们失去耐心，他们会急于显示自己的时髦，使用最新的俚语，但是随着岁月的流逝，他们使用一些俚语就变成了标准用法，同时对于语言上的创新，他们也不像过去那样欢迎了。

21.单选题

Dr.ElizabethHurdondistinguishedherselfasasurgeonatatimeinwhichmedicalprofessionwas（）male.

问题1选项

A.only

B.occasionally

C.predominantly

D.regrettably

/