考研考博-英语-山东商务职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东商务职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

AtfirstJackieprayed,frozeninfear,butgraduallyhisterror（

）curiosity.

问题1选项

A.gaveawayto

B.gavewayto

C.goawayto

D.livedupto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项giveawayto“泄露，赠送，告发”；B选项givewayto“向……让步，向……妥协，被……替代”；C选项goawayto“离开，消失，外出”；D选项liveupto“遵守（诺言），符合，不辜负（期望）”。句中的but表示转折关系，可推测此处是指由最差的恐惧到后面的好奇，B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：起初Jackie在恐惧中祈祷，但渐渐地，他的恐惧被好奇替代。

2.单选题

Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtueswhichturntoviceswiththelapseofyears.Theworstoftheseisthrift,whichinearlyandmiddlelifeiswisdomanddutytopracticeforaprovisionagainstdestitution.Astimegoesonthisvirtueisapttoturnintotheugliest,cruelest,shabbiestofthevices.Thenthevictimofitfindshimselfstoringpastallprobableneedofsavingforhimselforthosenexthim,tothedeprivationoftheremoterkinoftherace.Intheearliertimewhengainwassymbolizedbygoldorsilver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthetouchofhisriches,inhearingthecoinsclinkintheirfallthroughhisfingersandingloatingupontheirincreasesensibletothehandandeye.Thenthemiserhadhisplaceamongthegreatfiguresofmisdoing;hewasofadramaticeffect,likeamurdererorarobberandsomethingofthisbaddistinctionclungtohimevenwhenhiscoinshadchangedtopapercurrency,theclean,whitenotesoftheonlyEnglishbank,orthegreenbacks,ofourinnumerablebanksofissue;butwhenthesenseofricheshadbeentransmutedtothebalanceinhisfavorathisbanker’s,orthebondsinhisdraweratthesafety-depositvault,allsplendorhadgoneoutofhisvice.Hisbademinencewasgone,butheclungtothelustofgainwhichhadrankedhimwiththepicturesquewrong-doers,andwhichonlyruinfromwithoutcouldsavehimfrom,unlesshegavehisremnantofstrengthtosavinghimselffromit.Mostagingmenaresensibleofallthis,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathewhodiedrichdieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions.

1.Thisshortpassageismainlytotellthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,oneisthoughtviciouswhenhe（）.

3.Theitalicizedexpression“gloatingupon”probablymeans（）.

4.Thewords“inthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions”attheendofthepassagesuggestsanotionthat（）.

问题1选项

A.manbecomesincreasinglygreedywhengettingold

B.amisercanbehonestifhedoesnowrongact

C.agecanhelpconvertsomevirtueintovice

D.misersallstartedfromtryingtobethrifty

问题2选项

A.gathersupmoneyatthesacrificeofallhisfamilymembers

B.practicesendlessthriftytoguardhispeoplefrompoverty

C.storescontinuouslyforhisownandhisrelatives’needs

D.savestoomuchbutwouldn’tspenditforthenecessary

问题3选项

A.thinkingwithslightguilt

B.seeingwithmuchsatisfaction

C.touchingwithgreatawe

D.hearingwithlittledelight

问题4选项

A.stinginessmaycauseaveryrichmantodieverypitiful

B.richpeoplemaystilltake50millionascomparativelittle

C.oneremainsdiscontentwithallhehasgaineduntilhisdeath

D.therichareinconsiderateofthemajoritythatliveinpoverty

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章的中心句是第一句Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtueswhichturntoviceswiththelapseofyears.（有些缺点会随着年龄的增长而消失，有些美德会随着岁月的流逝而变成恶习。），接着文章以节俭为例说明主题。因此C选项“年龄可以使美德变为邪恶”正确。A选项“人越老越贪婪”和原文随着岁月的流逝节俭变成恶习的意思混淆，所以A错误。B选项“如果守财奴没有做错事，他也可以是诚实的”在文中没有提及，所以B错误。D选项“吝啬鬼都是从努力节俭开始的”是文中的一个细节，不能概括文章主旨，所以D错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第四句Thenthevictimofitfindshimselfstoringpastallprobableneedofsavingforhimselforthosenexthim,tothedeprivationoftheremoterkinoftherace.（有这种陋习的人发现他们自己不断地储存，致使其他远亲们一无所获。），说明被视为罪恶的原因是只顾自己积蓄，不帮助其他远亲。因此D选项“储蓄太多，但不愿花在必要的地方”正确。A选项“牺牲所有的家庭成员来攒钱”，B选项“孜孜不倦地节俭以保护他的人民免受贫困”，C选项“不断地储存以满足自己和亲戚的需要”均不是被视为罪恶的原因，所以A，B，C错误。

3.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第五句Intheearliertimewhengainwassymbolizedbygoldorsilver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthetouchofhisriches,inhearingthecoinsclinkintheirfallthroughhisfingersandingloatingupontheirincreasesensibletothehandandeye.（在早期，财富是以金或银作为象征的，当守财奴接触到自己的财富时，听到硬币从他的手指间叮当作响地掉下时，就会感到一种感官上的快乐，而且还会因为硬币的增加而沾沾自喜。），说明“gloatingupon”在这里的意思是满意地看到自己的财富增加。因此B选项“满意地看到”正确。A选项“带着轻微的负罪感思考”，C选项“充满敬畏地触摸”，D选项“听着不太高兴”不符合原文的意思，所以A，C，D错误。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一句Mostagingmenaresensibleofallthis,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathewhodiedrichdieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions.（大多数上了年纪的人都明白吝啬的下场，但是没几个人像那位老人一样坦率地说过，富人死得并不体面，他死时虽然有五千万的财富，但相对来说，他精神上是十分贫困的。），说明这句话暗示的内容是虽然吝啬的人可能会非常富有，但他们死去时的处境也是很可怜的。因此A选项“吝啬可能会使一个非常富有的人死得很可怜”正确。B选项“富人可能仍然觉得五千万很少”，C选项“一个人直到死前都不满足于他所得到的一切”，D选项“富人不考虑大多数生活在贫困中的人”的说法均太笼统，所以B，C，D错误。

3.单选题

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees’compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstartingwagesforlow-levelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentonoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce’swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,near-recordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

3.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

4.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

问题2选项

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich.

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor.

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor.

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

问题3选项

A.begraduallynarrowed

B.disappearsoonerorlater

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

问题4选项

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.whatapersonpursuesintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者的国家，哪类人受益于经济的发展？”文章第四段最后一句话提到“所有人都在新经济中发展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪个表述是正确的？”文章第五段提到“非技术劳动力的偿付水平与以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），选项B“非技术人员倾向贫穷”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为收入差距将……”。文章第三段第一句话提到“收入差距是驱动经济引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以选项C“一直存在”符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到变得富有并不是每个人的最终目标（Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich），因此选项A符合题意。

4.翻译题

Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatfortheblasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunrisesovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichtowriteafewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.

IamlonelywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.AndIamlonelysometimeswhenIcomebackhomeafteralecturetrip,whenIhaveseenalotofpeopleandtalkedalot,andamfulltothebrimwithexperiencethatneedstobesortedout.

Thenforawhilethehousefeelshugeandempty,andIwonderwheremyselfishiding.Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplantsand,perhaps,bylookingagainateachoneasthoughitwasaperson.

Ittakesawhile,asIwatchthesurfblowingupinfountains,butthemomentcomeswhentheworldfallsaway,andtheselfemergesagainfromthedeepunconscious,bringingbackallIhaverecentlyexperiencedtobeexploredandslowlyunderstood.

【答案】对我来说，独自生活最有趣的事情是生活变得越来越有价值，我已经这样独自生活了二十年。正如我大多数日子做的那样，当我醒来，看着太阳从海平面升起，我已经提前知道了这一整天（的计划），不会被打搅，写几页文字，和我的狗散步，读读书，听听音乐，我充满了幸福。

当我过度劳累、长时间不间断地工作或者一时感到空虚需要充实时，我就会感到孤独。有时，当我结束了演讲之旅回到家中，我会感到孤独，因为我见了很多人，说了很多话，心里充满了需要整理的经历。

之后有那么一段时间，我觉得房子又大又空，不知道自己藏在了哪里。我只得给植物浇浇水，或许再像看人一样，看看它们的千姿百态，慢慢地找回自我。

有那么一小会儿，我看着那喷泉里飞溅的浪花，但当世界逐渐消失时，那一刻就来临了，自我又从潜意识的深处再次浮现，带着这几天的经历去探究，然后慢慢领悟。

5.单选题

TheforeignstudentinChinais（

）withagooddealofChineseculture.

问题1选项

A.scattered

B.overflowed

C.permeated

D.manipulated

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项scattered“分散的，散乱的”；B选项overflowed“溢出的”；C选项permeated“渗透，弥漫”，bepermeatedwith洋溢着；D选项manipulated“操作”。句意：在中国的外国学生洋溢着大量的中国文化气息。选项C更符合语境。

6.单选题

Arailwayticketshouldindicatetheplaceofdepartureaswellasthe（

）ofthetrip.

问题1选项

A.arrival

B.image

C.destination

D.sequence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。arrival意为“到达，抵达”；image意为“形象，印象，画像”；destination意为“目的地，终点”；sequence意为“一系列，一连串，顺序”。

句意：火车票应注明出发地点和旅行目的地。

7.翻译题

目前，中国仍是跨国公司投资的首选目的地，特别是在服务业和外包行业。2013年，全球外国直接投资下降近40%，但对华投资仅下降3%。作为对西方担忧的回应，中国不断加大保护知识产权力度，制定了系列比较完整、在世界上也比较先进的保护知识产权法律体系和行政执法、刑事执法双轨的执法机制。在危机中遭遇巨大冲击的跨国公司，在中国找到了新的发展空间和增长点。2009年，通用汽车在美国申请破产，但该公司在华销售却增长了67%。

(参考词汇：multinationalcompanies;outsourcing;intellectualproperty;double-track)

【答案】

Recently,Chinaremainsatopdestinationforinvestmentbymultinationalcompanies,particularlyinserviceandoutsourcing.In2013,globalFDIdroppedbynearly40%,butinvestmentintoChinafellbyonly3%.ReactingtoworriesintheWest,Chinahasalsostrengthenedintellectualpropertyprotectionwithnewlawsanda“double-track”systemofadministrativeandcriminalenforcement.Crisis-hitmultinationalshavefoundnewsourcesofprofitgrowthinChina.In2009,GeneralMotorsfiledforbankruptcyintheUS,butitssalesinChinagrewby67%.

8.单选题

TheEuropeanParliamenthasbannedtheterms“Miss”and“Mrs”theyoffendfemalemembers.

问题1选项

A.aslongas

B.themoment

C.sothat

D.incase

【答案】D

【解析】考查逻辑关系。aslongas“只要”；themoment“一……就……”；sothat“所以，以便”；incase“万一，假使”。句意：欧洲议会禁止使用“小姐”和“夫人”这两个词，以防它们冒犯女性议员。因此D选项符合题意。

9.单选题

UrbanmotorwayshaveprovednosolutiontoBritain’s______trafficcongestion—indeedsomesaytheyhavemadeitworse.

问题1选项

A.abundant

B.adamant

C.sticky

D.chronic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项abundant“大量的，充裕的”；B选项adamant“坚决的”；C选项sticky“难办的，棘手的”；D选项chronic“长期的，难以治愈（或根除）的”。句意：事实证明，城市高速公路并不能解决英国______的交通拥堵问题——事实上，有的人说，城市高速公路让情况更糟了。横线处修饰trafficcongestion“交通拥堵问题”，交通拥堵问题不是短时间形成和解决的，没有提到会带来很严重的后果，需要立刻解决，不至于棘手，D选项chronic“长期的，难以治愈（或根除）的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Theconductoroftheorchestrawasnotsatisfiedwiththeballetforthestepsofthedancerwasnot（）withtherhythmofthemusic.

问题1选项

A.coordinated

B.corresponded

C.synchronized

D.reconciled

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组。Synchronizewith“（使）同步；（使）在时间上一致；（使）同速进行”。句意：管弦乐队的指挥对芭蕾舞不满意，因为舞蹈家的舞步与音乐的节奏不一致。根据语境和句意可知C为正确答案。

11.单选题

Wedon’tthinkitisagoodhabitforTomto____inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntohim.

问题1选项

A.impart

B.ponder

C.abound

D.meddle

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.impart（~sthtosb）通知B.ponder（~about/on/oversth）仔细思考

C.abound（~with/in）充满；富于D.meddle（~in/withsth）干涉；管闲事

【答案】D

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格处所填词搭配的介词为in，宾语为“与他无关的事”，并且原句对此给出的评价是“不是一个好习惯”，由此可知，D选项“干涉；管闲事”符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】我们认为Tom介入与他无关的事情不是一个好习惯。

12.单选题

Anypossibledeleterioussideeffectsofthenewdrugcannotbedeterminedby______trials;severallong-termstudieswith______identicalmethodologiesarerequired.

问题1选项

A.baneful…germane

B.acceding…fawning

C.mitigating…stout

D.cursory...uniform

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.baneful…germane有害的，有毒的……贴切的，恰当的，有密切关系的B.acceding…fawning加入，同意v.……奉承的，恭维的

C.mitigating…stout减轻的，节制的，和缓的……坚决的，强有力的D.cursory...uniform粗略的，草率的……统一的，相同的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“新药的任何可能的有害副作用都不能通过______试验确定；它需要用______相同方法进行几项长期研究”可知，两个空格处都要填入一个形容词，第一个空格根据句意可知，填入cursory表示“草率的”符合语境；第二个空格根据后面的identical（相同的）可知，该空格填入uniform表示“统一的”符合，故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】新药的任何可能的有害副作用都不能通过草率的试验确定；它需要用统一的相同方法进行几项长期研究。

13.单选题

IthoughtthatProfessorLiebermann'sspeechatthefarewellbanquetwasverymarvelous.andsodidmostoftheotherpeoplethere,tojudgefromthevigorousapplauseitreceived.

问题1选项

A.speechatthefarewellbanque

B.verymarvelous

C.andsodid

D.tojudgefromthevigorous

E.tojudgefromthevigorous

【答案】D

【解析】语法错误。非谓语动词错误。tojudgefrom改为judgingfrom。“tojudgefromthevigorousapplauseitreceived”这部分在句子中作方式状语，故需要用现在分词形式judgingfrom。

14.单选题

Workersinthefinearts（

）thoughtsandfeelingsthroughtheircreativeworks.

问题1选项

A.transmit

B.elaborate

C.convey

D.contribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A项transmit表示“传输”；B项elaborate表示“精心制作，详细描述”；C项convey表示“传达”；D项contribute表示“贡献”。根据句意可知，精细工艺的工人通过有创造性的作品来思想和感情。因此，本题选择C项最符合句意。

15.单选题

Inselectingamaterialtheengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition（

）itissubject.

问题1选项

A.where

B.which

C.inwhich

D.towhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。由固定搭配“besubjectto”可知此处将介词提前，因此选D。

句意：在选择材料时，工程师感兴趣的是材料在遭受负荷或者某种状况时所表现出来的特性。

16.单选题

Whentwopeoplefeelthesamewayabouteachother,theirfeelingsaremutual.

问题1选项

A.compatible

B.visible

C.reciprocal

D.typical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。mutual表示“共同的，相互的，彼此的”；A项compatible“兼容的，能共处的，可并立的”，B项visible“明显的，看得见的”，C项reciprocal“互惠的，相互的，倒数的”，D项typical“典型的，特有的”。句意：当两个人对彼此有相同的感觉时，他们的感觉是相互的。根据句意可知，C项的意思符合句子。因此，该题选择C项正确。

17.单选题

Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apes,andmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.

Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.

Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstein.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.

Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?

4.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby

（

）.

5.ForestprimatesandcertainseaanimalsarementionedinthepassageasexamplesofanimalsthatusetoolsEXCEPTfor（

）.

问题1选项

A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.

B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.

C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.

D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.

问题2选项

A.usetoolstogatherfood

B.usemorethanonetooltoaccomplishatask

C.transporttoolsfromoneplacetoanother

D.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals

问题3选项

A.Itusesitsbeakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.

B.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.

C.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.

D.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.

问题4选项

A.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclaws

B.usingstonesasweapons

C.defendingthemselveswithseaanemones

D.hidingunderseaplants

问题5选项

A.self-protection

B.foodpreparation

C.huntingprey

D.buildingnestsorhome

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章讨论的主要问题是……”。文章第一段提到动物使用工具，主要是灵长类，但也有其他一些哺乳动物、鸟类等；第二段提到很多种类的动物使用工具来捕捉食物；第三段提到有些动物使用工具来挖洞或者找昆虫；最后一段提到动物使用工具来攻击。由此可知选项D“许多动物开发了工具的有效使用方式”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的动物工具使用者，因为……”。文章第二段提到“它们选择一块大而平的石头做砧板，另一块小一点的石头当锤子，有时候会推着坚果走到超过40米外的地方找合适的砧板”（Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil），由此可知选项B“使用不止一种工具来完成任务”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。题目问的是“下面哪个选项可以从文章中推断出啄木鸟的行为”。文章第三段最后一句话提到“啄木鸟会带着它的细枝在树木之间飞来飞去”（Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey），可以推断出啄木鸟这么做是为了找虫子，选项B符合题意。

4.细节判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，研究发现寄居蟹能够把章鱼赶走是通过……”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用钳子抓住海葵作武器赶跑敌人”（Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies），选项C符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“森林灵长类动物和海洋中的某些动物被用来作为动物使用工具的例子，下列哪项不包含在内”。文章第二段提到动物使用工具捕食，比如黑猩猩，还有动物用工具来准备食物，比如象牙海岸的黑猩猩用石头来砸坚果；最后一段提到寄居蟹使用工具来赶跑敌人。由此可知只有选项D没有提及，符合题意。

18.单选题

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness（andtime）,itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Thetestwashard.2）Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedatdifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,whatisit?Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,“difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable（voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh）,while“difficult”ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,“hard”ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea“onthego”orsimplyto“getitout”asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,“hard”maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,“Howwasyourday?”Conversely,“difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.

Similarto“hard”and“difficult”,thewords“weird”and“strange”tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1）Seamonkeysareweird.2）Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile“weird”and“strange”bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.Similarto“hard”,“weird”conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something“weird”iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn’twanttobecategorizedamongthe“weird”.Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas“strange”,itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something“strange”issimp