考研考博-英语-安徽矿业职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽矿业职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

1.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthose(

)（毕生致力于诗歌的人）:theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.

2.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,

(

)

（否则她上周就该回信了）.

3.Nancyissupposedto

(

)

（做完化学实验）atleasttwoweeksago.

4.Neveronce

(

)（老两口互相争吵）sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.

5.

(

)（一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于）thequalityofeducationofitspeople.

【答案】1.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthosewhohavespenttheirwholelivesonpoems

（毕生致力于诗歌的人）:theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.

2.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,orsheshouldhaverepliedtomelastweek

（否则她上周就该回信了）.

3.Nancyissupposedtohavefinishedherchemistryexperiments（做完化学实验）atleasttwoweeksago.

4.Neveroncehastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother

（老两口互相争吵）sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.

5.Theprosperityofanationislargelydependentupon

（一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于）thequalityofeducationofitspeople.

2.单选题

Mencommitmotoringoffencesaswomen,accordingtotheHomeOfficefigures.

问题1选项

A.ninetimesof

B.asninetimes

C.ninetimesthatof

D.ninetimeasmany

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法知识。对比选项可知本题考查倍数。与times相关的倍数表达方式为：AisNtimes(形容词比较级)thanB。因此D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Shegotveryangryand（

）herclothesaboutintheroom.

问题1选项

A.flung

B.flew

C.clamped

D.clashed

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。句意:她很生气，把衣服扔的房间里到处都是。

fling(尤指生气地)扔，掷，抛，丢;猛动(身体或身体部位);粗暴地(向某人)说;气势汹汹地(对某人)说。clamp夹住，固定;紧紧抓住;紧夹住;被抓住;被夹紧;用夹锁锁住(车)。clash打斗;冲突;比赛;(公开地)争论。

4.单选题

Adynamiceconomyisfoundedonthe（）ofentrepreneurs,whichisrewardedbyprofit.

问题1选项

A.perspiration

B.desperation

C.respiration

D.aspiration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。perspiration“汗水，努力”；desperation“绝望的境地，不顾一切拼命”；respiration“呼吸”；aspiration“渴望，抱负”。句意：一个充满活力的经济是建立在企业家的抱负之上的，而这是通过利润来回报的。选项D更符合语境。

5.单选题

Heresented（

）towait.Heexpectedtheminister（

）

himatonce.

问题1选项

A.tobeasked,tosee

B.beingasked,tosee

C.tobeasked,seeing

D.beingasked,seeing

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他憎恨等待。他希望总理马上见他。resented后面一般直接接名词或者动词的现在分词形式；expect后面一般接不定式，所以答案选B。

6.单选题

Shehasthe（

）ofenteringgraduateschoolorstartingherprofessionalcareer.

问题1选项

A.optimum

B.option

C.orientation

D.preference

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。optimum意为“最佳效果，最适宜条件”；option意为“选择权，选择（的自由）”；orientation意为“方向，定位”；preference意为“偏爱，喜爱”。

句意：她可以选择进入研究生院或开始她的职业生涯。

7.单选题

Thisareaoftheparkhasbeenspecially（）forchildren,butaccompanyingadultsarealsowelcome.

问题1选项

A.inaugurated

B.designated

C.entitled

D.delegated

【答案】B

【解析】句意:公园的这个区是专门为孩子们设定的，但是也欢迎陪同的成年人。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。inaugurate开辟，举行开幕典礼，举行就职典礼；designate指定，标出，bedesignatedfor为…而设；entitle定名为…，给…称号，使有权利，常用于beentitledto表示有……资格；delegate委派……为代表，委任。故B符合句意。

8.单选题

Obviously,theemployer’sreplyborelittle（）toemployees’requirements.

问题1选项

A.relationship

B.concern

C.interest

D.relevance

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。relationship“关系”；concern“关心”；interest“兴趣”；relevance“要求”。本句意为“很明显的，雇主的答复与雇员的要求无关”。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Large,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploynearly60percentoftheworkforceandareexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2000.Some1.2millionsmallfirmshaveopenedtheirdoorsoverthepastsixyearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989willseeanadditional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.

Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally,thecapitalthatsuccessrequires.Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso,atleastforawhile,bebookkeeperandreceptionist,too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24ofevery100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytohavedisappearedintwoyears,and27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded.Anewstudyof3,000smallbusinesses,sponsoredbyAmericanExpressandtheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,suggestsslightlybetterodds:Threeyearsafterstart-up,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive.Mostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortablein.Eightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.

Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmanyentrepreneursforgetthatafirm’shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationofhowwellitwillage.Youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse.Intheirzealtoexpand,small-businessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoremoneyintotheenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeanthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave.

Frequentchecksofyourfirm’svitalsignswillalsoguideyoutoasensiblerateofgrowth.Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquernewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotidea.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acountry’seconomyisprobablydecidedby（

）.

2.Inordertosucceedinabusiness,theentrepreneurshould

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsmallbusinessisnottrue?

4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmeanaccordingtothepassage?

5.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theprosperityanddeclineofthetransnationalcorporations

B.theriseandfallofthemarketsandproductsaswellascapital

C.thefateofthesmallbusinessessuchassmallplantsandrestaurants

D.theeconomicincreaseanddecreaseofthelargecompanies

问题2选项

A.getverywellpreparedforhisnewbusiness

B.chooseabusinesshe’salreadyfamiliarwith

C.examinethecompany’scrucialsignsnowandthen

D.investasmuchaspossibleintohisenterprise

问题3选项

A.Ithelpseffectivelytofightunemployment.

B.Theearlieritstarts,thesooneritcollapses.

C.There’sgoodomenforsmallbusinessaccordingtoasurvey.

D.Somesmallbusinessownersareblindtoearlypremonitionoffailure.

问题4选项

A.Thepatientisseriouslyillbecauseoflackofwaterinthewell.

B.Thepatientcanbesavedifhehasenoughmoneytosolvethefinancialproblem.

C.It’stoolateforsmallbusinessownerstorealizethegravityoftheproblembecausetheyhaveuseduptheirmoney.

D.It’surgentforsmallbusinessownerstopouralltheirmoneyintotheenterprisetorevitalizetheirbusiness.

问题5选项

A.Howtobecomeawinnerinsmallbusiness?

B.Howtobeasuccessfulbossinamultinationalcorporation?

C.Howtodealwiththeupsanddownsinsmallbusiness?

D.Howtoconquernewmarketsandgainthelargestprofit?

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知一个国家的经济可能由什么决定？”文章第一段第二句话提到“但是远远超过大多数美国人了解的是美国的经济活力靠的是小商店、饭店、居民服务和工厂”（ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories），选项C符合题意。

第2题:推理判断题。题目问的是“为了能成功，企业应该怎么做？”文章第二段第一句话提到“大多数先锋企业因为没有前期准备进行开拓进取”（Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared），接着又提到“到1995年，60%的这些企业倒闭”（By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded），说明没做好准备的企业坚持不了很长时间，而要想成功，必须做好准备，选项A“为自己的新生意做好十足准备”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“下列关于对小企业的描述哪个是错误的？”文章第二段提到60%的先锋企业倒闭是因为没有做好准备，并不是因为它们开始得早，所以选项B“开始得越早，倒闭得越快”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。题目问的是“第三段最后一句话的意思是什么？”文章第三段最后一句话提到“只有当资金源泉干涸时，他们才看到问题的严重性，而那个时候，这个病人（即小企业）已经无药可救了”（Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave），因此选项C“小企业老板用光了钱之后才意识到问题，但是已经为时已晚”符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章的中心思想是什么？”文章主要讲述了小企业如何建立、又如何因为没有提前意识到问题而破产、如何成功发展小企业等问题，选项A“如何在小企业中成为胜利者”符合题意。

10.单选题

Agrowingnumberofcompaniesarenowtryingtoserve“segmentsofone.”Theyattemptto()theirofferandcommunicationtoeachindividualcustomer.Thisisunderstandablewithlargeindustrialcompaniesthathaveonlyafewmajorcustomers.

问题1选项

A.adopt

B.adapt

C.incorporate

D.exclude

【答案】B

【解析】adopt采取，接受；adapt使适应；incorporate包含，吸收，合并；exclude排除。句意：越来越多的公司正试图服务于“一个部分”。他们试图让客户适应他们所提供的服务并和每一个个体客户进行沟通。对于只有少数主要客户的大型公司来说，这是可以理解的。选项B符合句意。

11.单选题

Whentheconcentrationofcalciuminthebloodistoolow,theparathyroidglandsbegantosecretethehormoneparathormone.

问题1选项

A.concentration

B.too

C.began

D.secrete

【答案】C

【解析】根据题中when引导的时间状语从句中为一般现在时态可知，C选项也应该用begin动词原形，句意：当血液中的钙浓度过低时，甲状旁腺开始分泌甲状腺激素。选项C符合题意。

12.翻译题

Currently,Chinaisinthemidstofachallengingtransition.Arapidlyagingpopulation,increasingdebt,anddecliningreturnsonfixedassetinvestmentplacenewburdensontheeconomy.Becauseofaging,thelaborforceisexpectedtopeakthisyearandbeginalongdeclinethatcouldreduceitssizeby16percentby2050.By2030,China’sdependencyratio—thepercentageofthepopulationthatisnotinthelaborforce(mostlytheelderlyandchildren)—willreach47percent.Thisisfarsooner,intermsofGDPpercapita,thanincountriessuchasJapanortheUnitedStates.

【答案】

目前，中国正处于一个具有挑战性的转型阶段。人口老龄化的迅速增长、不断增加的债务以及固定资产投资回报率的下降给经济带来了新的负担。由于人口老龄化，中国的劳动力总量预期今年达到最高峰，然后开始一个长期的减少，而到2050年中国的劳动力规模可能减少16%。到2030年，中国的抚养比率——即不属于劳动力的人口百分比（主要是老年人和儿童）将达到47%。而中国人均国内生产总值的减少会比日本或美国等国家出现得早很多。

13.单选题

Peopleinnately（

）forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.

问题1选项

A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify

D.adhere

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。strivefor意为“争取,奋斗”；选项B为及物动词；选项C和D通常与介词to搭配。所以选项A正确。

14.单选题

Whenpeoplearcstruckbylightening,theyfalltothegroundasthoughtheywerestruckbyasevereblowtotheheaD.Aftertheshocktheymayremainunconscious,becomesemiconsciousorbeconsciousbutconfusedanddazed,atleastforatime.Flashesoflightmaycontinuepassingbeforetheireyes,andblindnessanddeafnessmayfollow.Thenervoussystemmaybebadlyaffected,causingparalysis,paininthelimbsandevenhemorrhage.Therewillbebumswherethelighteningpassedthroughthebody,andlikeallelectricalbums,theyareoftendeepandsevere.

Allpersons,especiallycampersandhunters,shouldknowhowtogivefirstaidtosomeonewhohasbeenstruckbylightening.Donotbeafraidtotouchthevictim.Youwon'tgetashock.ThelighteninghasalreadybeengroundeD.Rememberthatspeedisofthegreatestimportanceinseverecases.

Thefirstthingtodoistoloosentightclothingaboutthethroatandwaist.Thencleartheairpassagesofmucus(黏液)ifpresent,andapplyartificialrespirationifnecessary.Givemouth-mouthresuscitationifneeded,orgiveoxygenifavailable.ManyvictimsthoughtIobedeadhavebeenrevivedaftertreatment.

Sendsomeoneforadoctorassoonaspossible,butdon'tleavethevictimalone.Ifadoctorisnotavailable,takethepersontoahospitalassoonasthepersoncanbesafelymoved.

Signsofshockare:pale,cold,stickyskin;weak,rapidpulse;shallow,irregularbreathingor,inextremecases,nobreathingatall.Totreatshock,youmustkeepthepatientlyingdownwiththeheadlowerthanthefeetandcoverhimorherwithablanketbutwatchoutforoverheating.Givingastimulatinghotteaorcoffeewillhelp,butonlyifthepatientisthoroughlyconscious.

Afterbreathinghasbeenrestoredandshockistreated,treatthebums.Applysomesalveandcoverthemwithacleanclothorasteriledressing.Ifconscious,thepatientwillbebadlyfrightened,sodoallyoucantoreassure.Alittleknowledgeandahelpinghandmaysavesomeone'slife.

1.Thepassagemainlytalksabout（）.

2.Accordinglothepassage,allthefollowingaresignsofshockexcept（）.

3.Itcanbeguessedfromthepassagethat（）.

4.Theword"salve"inline2ofthelastparagraphmostlikelymeans（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmustnotbedonewhiletreatingshock?

问题1选项

A.whichmetalsconductelectricitybest

B.wheretogoinathunderstorm

C.howtotreatsomeonestruckbylightening

D.howtomakemouth-to-mouthresuscitation

问题2选项

A.abnormalfever

B.coldskin

C.irregularbreathing

D.rapidpulse

问题3选项

A.manycampersandhuntersarestruckbylightening

B.carsareconvenientforoutdooractivities

C.electricshockdoeslittleharmtothehumanbody

D.onlyprofessionalnursesanddoctorsareallowedtogivefirstaid

问题4选项

A.sponge

B.bandage

C.ointment

D.liquid

问题5选项

A.Givingthepatientacupofhottea.

B.Makingthepatientliewiththefeetlowerthanthehead.

C.Coveringthebumswithasteriledressing.

D.Applyingartificialrespiration

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲述如何治疗被闪电击中的人。

2.根据第五段的第一句“Signsofshockare:pale,cold,stickyskin;weak,rapidpulse;shallow,irregularbreathingor,inextremecases,nobreathingatall.”可知，只有选项A不属于休克的症状，所以本题选A。

3.根据第二段的第一句“Allpersons,especiallycampersandhunters,shouldknowhowtogivefirstaidtosomeonewhohasbeenstruckbylightening.”所有人，尤其是露营者和猎人，都应该知道如何对被闪电击中的人进行急救。由此可推断，露营者和猎人最容易遇到被闪电击中的情况，所以选项A正确。

4.根据常识，被雷电击中后会被烧伤，烧伤之后当然要涂抹一些药膏，所以这里的“salve”指药膏，只有选项C与之意思相近。

5.根据原文可知，选项B对应文中的“youmustkeepthepatientlyingdownwiththeheadlowerthanthefeet”，但与原文表述相反，因此选择B选项。

15.单选题

Withscholarsfrom24countries（

）theconference,thecommitteehadagreatdealofworktodo.

问题1选项

A.attend

B.attended

C.attending

D.toattend

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是非谓语动词。with+名词+分词，表示原因或者伴随条件，scholars和动词attend是主动关系，故正确答案选C。句意为：有来自24个国家的学者参加了会议，组委会有很多工作要做。

16.单选题

Hestoodthere,（

）apen.

问题1选项

A.askingfor

B.askfor

C.askedfor

D.toaskfor

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他站在那,想要一只笔。

语法题。考查动词的-ing形式作状语。此处已有谓语动词stood，所以后面是ask的Ing形式作伴随状语。故选A。

17.单选题

Reductioninoverseasgovernmentexpendituretookplace,but（

）andmoregraduallythannowseemsdesirable.

问题1选项

A.reluctantly

B.unwittingly

C.impulsively

D.anxiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。reluctantly“不情愿地”；unwittingly“不知不觉地”；impulsively“有推动力的”；anxiously“不安地，忧虑地”。句意：海外政府开支有所减少，但是比现在所期望的要勉强并且缓慢。选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

Wearetoldthemassmediaarethegreatestorgansforenlightenmentthattheworldhasyetseen;thatinBritain,forinstance,severalmillionpeopleseeeachissueofthecurrentaffairsprogrammeasPanoroma.Itistruethatneverinhumanhistoryweresomanypeoplesooftenandsomuchexposedtoomuchintimationaboutsocieties,formsoflife,andattitudesotherthanthosewhichtheyobtainintheirlocalsocieties.Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities,widthofjudgment,andasenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes.Yetinitselfsuchexposuredoesnotbringintellectualorimaginativedevelopment.Itisnomorethanthemassesofstonewhichliearoundinquarry(采石场)andwhichmay,conceivably,gotothemakingofacathedral.Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdonotalwayspromptotherstobuild.Forthestonesarepresentedwithinaself-containedandself-sufficientworldinwhich,itisimplied,simplytolookatthem,toobservefleetinglyindividuallyinterestingpointsofdifferencebetweenthemissufficientinitself.

Lifeisindeedfullofproblemsonwhichwehaveto—orfeelweshouldtryto—makedecisions,ascitizensorasprivateindividuals.Butneithertherealdifficultyofthesedecisions,northeirtrueanddisturbingchallengetoeachindividual,canoftenbecommunicatedthroughthemassmedia.Thedisinclinationtosuggestrealchoice,individualdecision,whichistobefoundinthemassmediaisnotsimplytheproductofacommercialdesiretokeepthecustomershappy.Itiswithinthegrainofmasscommunications.Theorgansoftheestablishment,howeverwell-intentionedtheymaybeandwhatevertheirform(theState,theChurch,voluntarysocieties,politicalparties),haveavestedinterestinensuringthatthepublicboatisnotviolentlyrocked,andwillsoaffectthosewhoworkwithinthemassmediathattheywillbeledinsensiblytowardsformsofproductionwhich,thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandinquiry,donotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchinquiriesmightreallyhurt.Theywilltendtomove,whenexposingproblems,wellwithintheacceptedclicheassumptionsofdemocraticsocietyandwilltendneitherradicallytoquestionclichesnortomakeadisturbingapplicationofthemtofeaturesofcontemporarylife.Theywillstressthe“stimulation”theprogramsgive,butthissoonbecomesanagitationofproblemsforthesakeoftheinterestofthatagitationitself;theywilltherefore,again,assistaformofacceptanceofthestatusquo(现状).Therewereexceptionstothistendency,buttheyareuncharacteristic.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themassmediapresentuswith（

）.

2.Whateffectisitclaimedthemassmediacanhaveonourintellectualandimaginativedevelopment?

3.Theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedralthat（

）.

4.Howarethemassmediasaidtoinfluenceourabilitytomakedecisions?

5.Themainweaknessofthemassmediaisidentifiedbytheauthoras（

）.

问题1选项

A.insufficientdiversityofinformation

B.toorestrictedaviewoflife

C.awiderangeoffactsandopinions

D.acriticalassessmentofoursociety

问题2选项

A.Theyarelikelytofrustratethisdevelopment.

B.Theycanformabasisforit.

C.Theycandistortourjudgment.

D.Theycanstimulatetoomuchmentalactivity.

问题3选项

A.worthwhileresultsdonotdependonrawmaterialonly

B.themediaevalmediahaddifferentbeliefs

C.greatworksofartrequiregoodfoundations

D.closeattentiontodetailisimportant

问题4选项

A.Theydisturbusbytheirprejudices.

B.Theymakeusdoubtourownjudgments.

C.Theymakenocontributioninthisarea.

D.Theymakedecisionswhichappeartoocomplicated.

问题5选项

A.fearoflosingthecustomer

B.thediverseviewsofthecontributors

C.servicetotheprofitmotive

D.tryingtocaterforavestrangeofaudience

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。第一段指出:人类历史上从来没有过如此多的人频繁地批露，诸如：社会、生活方式以及思想观念的阴暗面，而这些与人们从所处社会接收的那些信息是不同的。因此排除A、B项。第二段指出:Thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandenquiry,donotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchenquiresmightreallyhurt(尽管他们辩论、质疑，但仍然触及不到关键之处),由此推断D项(对社会的一个批判性评估)是大众传媒所不具备的。故选C项(广泛的事实和意见)。

2.细节题。根据题干关键词intellectualandimaginativedevelopment定位至第一段:Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities,widthofjudgment,andasenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes。据此可知B项正确。

3.推断题。根据题干定位至第一段:Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdonotalwayspromptotherstobuild,作者用建大教堂这个比喻说明有价值的结果不仅仅依靠原材料。故选A。

4.细节题。根据题干关键词定位至第二段。第二句说:大众媒介经常不能把做这些决定的困难进行报道，它不起作用，更不会使决定变得更为复杂。故选C。

5.细节题。作者认为大众传播媒介的主要弱点是为了获得利益,故C项(因为获利动机)正确。

19.单选题

Ajournalist’sfriendwhohasbeenlivinginNewYorkformanyyearswritesacolumnforaChinesenewspaperinHongKongonculturalsubjects,andChineseandWesterntraditions,recentlytouchedonthequestion:whytranslationsofnovelsbywell-knowncontemporaryChineseauthorsdonotsellwellabroad?

Quotingamainlandsource,DongDingshanrevealedthatinFrance,whichprobablyhasthefinesttastesforartandcultureintheworld,only10copiesoftranslatedworksbyLuXunandBaJinweresoldin1994.

ThepoorsalesareareminderthatcontemporaryChineseliteraturehasyettosecureaplaceontheworldstageascommensuratewithitsachievements.

OneexplanationisthatwhilemanyChineseauthorsnowadaystakegreatprideinhavingtheirworkstranslatedintoforeignlanguages,fewhaveanyideahowmuchtheirnovelswouldbeunderstood,nottosayenjoyed,inforeigncountries.Anotheristhatthosewhohavethepowertoselectworksfortranslationareguidedentirelybytheirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders.Thetwoareinterrelatedbutbothshowalackofunderstandingoftheforeignreadership.

However,whatseemstobethegreatestdifficultytoDongonthetranslationofliteraryworksforforeignconsumptionisrenderingthedistinctlydifferentstylesofChineseprosewriting.WhereasChinesewritersliketoheapadjectivesanddecorativewords,suchdescriptionsareapttobemeaninglessorannoyingtoforeignreaders.Especiallyinthecaseofnewswriting,clarityissupremeanduselesswordsonlydistractfromastory’sreadability.

Inviewofthis,translationoflyricalworksisoftenathanklessjob.Dongbelievesessaysandprosestandamuchbetterchanceofsuccess.Asfornovels,successdependsonwhetherforeignreaderscanfollowthestorieswhicharedevelopedincircumstanceswithwhichtheyareentirelyunfamiliar.

ItisseldomrealizedthatsuccessfultranslationofChinesenovelsisinvariablytheco-reationoftheauthorandtranslator.WithagoodcommandofChinesewritingskills,thetranslatorisideallyalsosomeonewhowritesgood,decentEnglish,notjustcorrectsentences.

TheChinesetranslatorwhoreliesonadictionaryeverystepofthewayisunlikelytoproducetranslationsthatcaninterestreaders,Dongbelieves.

ThereisagreatdealofsenseinDong’sbeliefthatChinesenovelsareideallytranslatedbynativespeakersofEnglish,asdidProfessorJeffreyKinkleywhorecentlytranslatedImperfectParadisebythecontemporaryChinesewriterShenCongwen.Kindlytooknoteintheprefaceofhistranslationthatword-for-wordtranslationonlyhurtstheoriginal-acredoheardoftenenoughamongtranslationcirclesinChinabutwhichismucheasiersaidthandone.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（

）.

2.DongDingshan’sattitudetowardcontemporaryChineseliteraturetranslationcanbebestsummarizedas

（

）.

3.Translationofnovelsbywell-knowncontemporaryChineseauthorsdon’tsellwellabroadmainlybecause

（

）.

4.AccordingtoDongDingshan,whatisthedifferenceinprosewritingbetweenChineseandforeigners?

5.AllthefollowingcanimpliedfromthepassageEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.translationoflyricalworks

B.impropertranslation

C.understandingoftheforeignreadership

D.achievementsofChineseliteraturetranslation

问题2选项

A.unsatisfactory

B.cheerful

C.hopeful

D.indifferent

/r