化学专业英语词汇资料

化学专业英语复习题一：汉翻英络合物：一：汉翻英络合物：complex叔醇：tertiaryalcohol始态initialstate氢键：hydrogenenergy活化能：activationenergy支键：branch内能：energycontent官能团：functionalgroup可见光：visiblelight碱金属：alkalimetal浓硫酸：concentratedsulfuric土族元素：maingroup敞开体系：opensystemCO2:carbondioxideKOH：potassiumhydroxide酸酐：acidicanhydride强酸：strongacid质子数：protonnumber正反应：forward蒸气浴：vapor bath质量数：massnumber理想气体：ideal or perfect放热反应：exothermicreaction平衡常数：equilibriumconstant过渡元素：transitionelement连锁反应：chainreaction恒压过程:constant process生成速率：growthrate原子序数：atomicnumber稀盐酸：HCL:dilutedhydrochloricacid二：英译汉Seedcrystal：晶种LitmuspaperBuchnerfunnel：布氏漏斗Carbonylcompound羰基化合物Monobasicacid：一元酸SpontaneousprocessMotherliquor：母液Evaporatingdish：蒸发皿Heat数transfercoefficient：传热系Distillingtube整流管Simplesubstance物质electrophonicsubstitution亲电取代Aliphaticacid；脂肪族酸Indicator：指示剂Enthalpychange焓变Thestateoftheart目前工艺水平Intensiveproperties强度性质Partialpressure分压Complexcompound复杂化合物，络合物Forwardreaction正反应Stereochemistry立体化学Methylorange甲基橙Petroleumether石油醚Aluminumoxide氧化铝Basicanhydride碱酐Parenthydrocarbon母体经By-product副产物velocityconstant速度常数Diffusioncoefficient扩散系数1.构成原子最重要的的粒子是质子，中子和电子，原子的质量是由核中质子和中子数近似确定的：Themostimportantconstituteatomicparticlesareprotons,neutronsandelectrons.Thetotalmassofanatomisdetermined.Verynearlybythetotalnumberofprotonsandneutronsinitsnucleus.2、在元素周期表中,元素的性质是随着原子数周期性变化的，每个周逐渐增强，金属性逐渐减弱。Intheperiodictable，thenatureofelementschangedcyclicallywithatomicnumber,eachperiodbeginswithaveryreactivemetalright,elementsshowdecreasingmetalliccharacterandincreasingmetalliccharacter.3．当需要在一个官能团化合物的某一个活性选择性的进行反应时，这个目的。Whenachemicalreactionistobecarriedoutselectivelyatreactivesiteinamultifunctionalcompound,otherreactivesitesmustbetemporarilyblocked,manyprotectivegroupshavebeen,andarebeingdevelopedforthispurpose.4、常温下，烷烃和浓硫酸，沸硝酸等不发生化学反应。但在光的引增长，链终止三个步骤。Alkanetisnotattachedbyconcentratedsulfuricacidboilingacidatroomtemperature.butinlightinitiatingaskancehappenschlorinationeasily.itsafreeradicalchainreaction,includingthechaininitiatingstep,chaingrowthstep,chainterminationstep.5、例如：盐酸归为酸，由于已经熟悉作为不同类别的酸的性质，我们就可以知道这一化合物的一般性质。Forexample:Hclisclassedasanacid,andbybecoming withthebehaviorofacidsasadistinctclass,weareatonceawareofgeneralpropertiesofthecompound.6、硫酸被碱中和可以形成酸式盐和正盐，若酸中的H被两种不同的金属原子取代则形成复盐。IfH2SO4isneutralizedbyanbase,acidsaltsandnormalsaltsbeformed.ifthehydrogenatomsinanacidarereplacedbytwoormoredifferentmetals,amixedsaltresults.7：酸和碱生成盐和水的反应叫做中和反应，若酸和碱部分被中和测形成酸式盐或碱式盐。Thereactionofanacidwithabasestoproduceasaltandwateriscalledneutralization.Ifanacidorabaseisneutralizedpartly,anacidsaltonabasicsaltwillbeformed.8：研究以乙醚为溶剂，格式法合成苯甲酸的工艺考察了反应时间，反应温度，物料对比反应得出了最佳工艺条件。 WestudytechnologyofpreparingthebenzoicacidbytheGrignardreagentwhichgenerallyuseanhydrousasthesolventtesttheeffectofreactiontime.temperaturenatureobtaintheexcellenttechnology.9：研究一贴为催化剂，在500摄氏度，NH3分解为N2和H2的工初步探讨。Westudythetechnologythatpureammoniadecomposesintonitrogenandhooferat500ginthepresenceofironsaltcatalyst.testtheeffectofthereactiontime.pressureandcatalystandexplorepreliminarilythereactionmechanisms.10、有机合成就是通过一个或多个反应？？？的转化为另外一种物因此要综合考虑收率，限制条件费用等因素。Organicsynthesisisthepreparationofanorganiccompoundreadilyavailablestartingmaterialsbytheuseofoneormorereactions.Inotherwords,it’sanumberofreactionsthatcantransformonefunctionalgroupintoanother.Becausethere’smorethanonesyntheticroute,weevaluateeachsynthesisintermsofyield.limitations,expense,andsoon.11、格式试剂只有在完全无水和无氧，空气存在时，才能成功的制备，因此进行格式试剂反应时，一定要保证仪器和试剂的无水。Grignardreagentscanbepreparedsuccessfullyonlyinacompletelyanhydrousmediumandinanatmospherethatisfreeoxygen.therefore,incarryingoutaGrignardreaction.onemustcaretodrytheapparatusandallofthereagents.12、当系统状态有一个状态转为另一个状态，其内能的变化可以由△E=Q+W得出，其中寝室系统吸收的热，W是环境对系统的功。Whenasystemchangesfromonestatetoanother,thechangeininternalenergyisgivenby△E=Q+WwhereisaistheheatabsorbedbythesystemandWistheworkdoneonthesystem13E1E2能量差才是最重要的，并且通常很方便就能测定。ItsseldomnecessarytoknowtheindividualvaluesofenergiesandE2.thedifferenceinenergybetweentwostatesisofprimeimportanceandisusuallyconvenientlydetermined.也不能凭空消失。Basedonthefirstlawofthermodynamics,howeverenergycanneitherbecreatednordestroyed.15、根据热力学第二定律，当△G=0时，体系处于平衡状态。Basedonthesecondlawofthermodynamics,if△Giszero,thesystemisinastateofequilibrium.一、烷烃特征：-ane甲烷Methane庚烷Heptane乙烷Ethane辛烷Octane丙烷Propane壬烷Nonane丁烷Butane癸烷Decane戊烷Pentane十一烷Undecane己烷hexane十二烷dodecane二、基团特征：-yl甲基Methyl庚基Heptyl乙基Ethyl辛基Octyl丙基Propyl壬基Nonyl丁基Butyl癸基Decyl戊基Pentyl十一基Undecyl己基Hexyl十二基Dodecyl三、烯烃特征：-ene乙烯 Ethylene，ethene丙烯 Propylene ，propene丁烯 Butylene，butene戊烯 Pentene慎用pentylene己烯 hexene四、 醇类一般为：基团+alcohol或anol甲醇 Methyl乙醇 Ethylalcohol丙醇 Propylalcohol丁醇 Butylalcohol戊醇 Pentylalcohol己醇 Hexylalcohol五、 酰甲酰基 Formyl乙酰基 Acetyl六、 酰胺amide甲酰胺 Formamide乙酰胺 Acetamide

MethanolEthanolpropanolButanolpentanolhexanol七、 酰亚胺imide八、 醛Aldehyde甲醛 Formaldehyde乙醛 Acetaldehyde丙醛 九、 酮Ketone丙酮 Acetone丁酮 Butanone十、 羧酸Carboxylicacids甲酸 Formicacid乙酸 Aceticacid丙酸 propionicacid十一、酯Ester乙酸酯，乙酸盐 Acetate乙酸乙酯 Ethylacetate乙酸钠 Sodiumacetate十二、其它丙烯酸acrylicacid丙烯酰胺acrylamide十三、数字单，一 Mono，uni二，双 Bi-,bis-,di-三 Tri-四 Tetra-多 Poly十四、位置正 Normal，n-异 Iso-Example：ButadienePolyethylene

FormaldehydeAldehydepropylaldehydeMonocycle,BicycleTricyclenormalhexaneisopropylalcoholpoly(methylmethacrylate)polyacrylamidepolytetrafluoroethylenepoly（ethyleneglycol）十五、脂环化合物环 Cyclo-环己烷 Cyclohexane环己醇 Cyclohexanol环氧乙烷 ethyleneoxide十六、苯芳香族BenzeneTolueneMethylbenzene（少）二甲苯Xylenedimethyl（少）benzene乙苯 Ethylbenzene萘 Naphthalene苯基 phenyl苯乙烯 Styrene聚苯乙烯 Polystyrene苯酚 Phenol酚基 phenolicgroup苯甲酸 benzoicacid对苯二甲酸 terephthalicacid聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 polyethyleneterephthalate,PET十八、实验室常用词汇烧杯 量筒 graduatedmeasuringcylinde烧瓶 Flask三颈瓶 three-neckedbottle试管 Tube天平 Balance，scale试剂 Reagent化学纯 chemicallypure,C.P.分析纯 analyticalreagent,A.R.化学专业英语WritetheChineseofthefollowingcompoundsorphrases(20points,each2points)standardelectrodepotential 2) alcoholicsolution3) alkalinestoragebattery 4) chemicalnomenclature5) methylvinylether 6)infrared absorptionspectroscopy7)multimolecularreaction 8)nuclear magneticresonance9)polymerizationinitiator 10) solubilityparameterAnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.(16points,each8points)Describetheoriginofthelaw“likedissolveslike”inaparagraphof50words.Pleaselistthecommonlyusedmethodsforthepurificationofchemicalsubstances(at4methodsrequired).TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese(14points)Innanotechnology,aparticleisclassifiedaccordingtosize:Intermsofdiameter,fineparticlescoverarangebetween100and2500nanometers,whileultrafineparticles,onotherhand,aresizedbetween1and100nanometers.(4points)Theozonelayercanbedepletedbyfreeradicalcatalysts,includingnitricoxide,hydroxyl,atomicchlorine,andatomicbromine.Whiletherearenaturalsourcesforallofthesespecies,theconcentrationsofchlorineandbrominehaveincreasedmarkedlyinrecentyearsduetothereleaseoflargequantitiesofmanmadeorganohalogencompounds,especiallychlorofluorocarbonsandbromofluorocarbons.(5points)Allchemicaltransformationspassthroughanunstablestructurecalledthetransitionstate,whichispoisedbetweenthechemicalstructuresofthesubstratesandproducts.Thetransitionstatesforchemicalreactionsareproposedtohavelifetimesnear10 -13seconds,ontheorderofthetimeofasinglebondvibration.(5points)号学名姓级班）系（院………………号学名姓级班）系（院……线……订……装………………化学与材料学院（系）07级应用化学专业《专业英语》期末试卷题号题号一二三四每题总分40分30分20分10分得分改卷教师WritethestructuralformulaorChinesenameforeachofthefollowing(2%foreachanswer):（1）bariumion: （2）chlorateion:（3）potassiumion: （4）carbonicacid:（5）ammoniumion: （6）pyrrole:（吡咯）聚苯乙烯) acid:(对羟基苯甲酸)（9）benzonitrile(苄腈) （10）criticalpressure:（临界压力）（11）methanal: （甲醛） （12）buffersolution缓冲溶液）（13）alkaliburette:（碱式滴定管） （14）extract：(萃取)（15）tetrasulfurdinitride:（S4N2） （16）aldose:（醛醣）sodiumdihydrogenphosphate磷酸二氢钠)zincoxide:（19）6-ethyl-4-methyldecane:（20）quantitativeanalysis: （定量