2020高考英语二轮复习第二部分题型突破专题12阅读理解第2讲推理判断题(一)对点特训

6如有帮助欢迎下载支持第2讲推理判断题（一）■专题对点特训推理判断题（一）

A（2016・山西大学附属中学高三月考）Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreatetoomuchanxietyorstressforyoungathletes（运动员）.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasshownthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedback（反馈）toyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents'andcoaches'criticismstoheartandfindaflaw（缺陷）inthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday'syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworriedmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagame,manyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters'performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchshowsthatpositivereinforcementmotivateslearningandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.体裁：说明文题材：文化教育主题：正面评价儿童运动语篇导读：文章说明了在儿童运动时，父母以及教练的评价反馈的重要性，建议我们在孩子运动时多作正面评价，少批评。1.Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeoplebecause.A．itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsocietyB．itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselvesC．itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselvesD．itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiences【解析】D细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句可知，运动时会有很多宝贵的经历也就是说在体育场上儿童会获得很多宝贵的经历，故选D项。2.ManycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathletesA.withoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirself－confidenceB．inordertomakethemrememberlife'slessonsC.believingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopmentD．soastoputmorepressureonthem【解析】A推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后两句可知，教练和父母应该意识到他们的反馈会对孩子产生很大的影响，孩子会把他们的批评记在心里，从而动摇自己的信心。但是现在仍然有很多父母和教练在批评孩子，这就说明他们没有意识到这个问题，故选A项。3．Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould.A．helpchildrentowineverygameB．paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysportsC．enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsportsD．trainchildrentocopewithstress【解析】B推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二、三句可知，比赛的结果远远不如在运动中学习的过程更重要，我们要让孩子享受运动的过程，而不是仅仅关注结果，故选B项。【状元点拨•方法】推理判断题干扰项特征(1)曲解文意。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的字词设计出干扰项。(2)张冠李戴。通过使用原文中出现的词汇或者句式，把本来适用于一种情况的内容移用到其他情况。(3)颠覆是非。干扰项涉及原文中提及的一些内容或现象，但整体意思却与原文恰恰相反。4．Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageis.A.topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticismB．tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildrenC．todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragementD．toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnout【解析】B推理判断题。作者在本文中详细叙述了运动对于身体和智力的作用，如果在运动中父母和教练对孩子的表现做出负面的评价，将会动摇孩子的自信。应该让孩子享受运动，因为孩子在运动的过程中所学到的东西远比比赛的结果更重要。所以本文是为了强调对孩子的正面评价的重要性，故选B项。B（2016•成都树德中学高三质监）From2008to2013,Americanhouseholdslost$1trillioninrealestate,savings,andstocks.MorethanhalfofalltheU．S.workerseitherlosttheirjobsorwereforcedtotakecutsinhoursorpayduringtherecession.Theworstmaybebehindthemnow,buttheshockinglossesofthepastfewyearshavereshapednearlyeveryfacetoftheirlives—howtheylive,work,andspend—eventhewaytheythinkaboutthefuture.ForCindy,therecessionbeganwhenherhusbandwasrelocatedtoRhinelander,Wisconsin,byhiscompany,forcingthefamilytomoveinahurry.Thecoupleboughtanewhousebutwereunabletoselltheirtwo－bedroomhomeinBigLake,Minnesota.Withtwomortgages（抵扌甲借款）andtwoyoungchildrentocarefor,Cindycouldn'timaginehowtostretchherhusband'spaychecktokeepherfamilyfed.ThenshestumbleduponanonlinecommunitycalledBlotanical,aforumforgardeners,manywithaninterestinsustainability.“ThemoreIreadanddiscussedthesepractices,themoreIrealizedthiswouldhelpnotonlyourbudgetbutalsoourhealth，”shesays.Cindyadmitsthatbeforetherecession,shewasacitygirlwithnointerestingrowingherowndinner.“Igrewflowersmostly—Ididn'tthinkaboutplantsthatweren'tvisuallyinteresting.”Buttostretchherbudget,shebeganputtinginvegetablesandfruit—everythingfromstrawberrybedstoappletrees—andasherfirstseedlingsgrew,herspiritslifted.Shenolongerthinksofgardeningandmakingherownjamsasjustamoneysaver;they'reagenuinepleasure.“It'sbroughtusclosertogetherasafamily,too,"shesays.Herkidsvoluntarilypitchinwith（主动帮助）thegardenwork,andthefamilycooktogetherinsteadofeatingout.Thefoodtastesbetter—it'sfresherandorganic—andthegardenhandilyfulfillsitsoriginalpurpose:costcutting.Nowshespendsabout$200to$300amonthongroceries,lessthanhalfofthe$650amonththatsheusedtolayout.Afterdiscoveringhowresourcefulshecanbeintoughtimes,Cindyisnolongereasilydiscouraged.“ItmakesmefeelproudtobeabletosayImadeitmyself，"shesays.“Ifeelaccomplished,andI'mmoreconfidentaboutattemptingthingsI'veneverdonebefore."Nowsheavoidsconveniencestoresandhasbegunlearningtoknit,quilt,andmakeherownsoap.“Idon'tthinkIwouldhaveeverbegunthisjourneyifitweren'tfortherecessio，n”shesays.“Ihaveafeelingthatfromnowon,itwillaffectmyfamily'shealthandhappinessforthebetter.”体裁：记叙文题材：人物故事主题：重塑生活方式语篇导读：本文介绍了在美国经济大萧条后，辛迪和家人改变原有生活方式的故事。5．Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattherecession.A.hadgreatimpactonAmericans'workandlifeB．affectedAmericansincertainoccupationsC．hadonlybroughthugelossesinsavingsandstocksD．isoverwithsomeofthelossesrecovered【解析】A细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二、三句可知，经济衰退对美国人工作和生活方式等各方面都产生了巨大的影响，故选A项。6．Whatmadethefamily'sfinancialsituationevenworsewasthatthey.A．movedtoRhinelanderinahurryB．werenotinterestedingrowingfoodC．didn'tknowanyoneinRhinelanderD．couldn'tselltheirhomeinBigLake【解析】D推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后两句可知，他们位于大湖市的两居室没能卖出去，加上有两个孩子要养，使得他们的境况雪上加霜，故选D项。7．Cindyviewsgardeningasagenuinepleasurebecausegardening.A．helpedhercutlivingcostsalmostbyhalfB．enabledhertomakeherownjamsC．builtupfamilytiesandkids'enthusiasmD．enabledhertoknowmoreaboutplants【解析】C推理判断题。根据文章第四段第五、六句提到“这使得我们一家人更加亲密无间了”以及“她的孩子们会主动在园子帮忙干活”可知，这正是辛迪把园艺活动看作一种genuinepleasure的原因所在，故选C项。8．WhatdoesCindythinkofthedifficulttimesshehasgonethrough?A.Itgavethecoupleandtheirkidsatoughlesson.B．Itgaveherconfidenceandoptimism.C．Itwouldcomeagainandaffectthefamily.D．Itleftalastingpsychologicalimpactonthefamily.【解析】B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句可知，辛迪变得乐观了；再由第三句可知，辛迪变得更加自信，故选B项。C（2016•湖南郴州高三质监）ScientistsinArgentinahavecreatedtheworld'sfirstcowtoowntwohumangenesthatwillenableittoproducehum－anlikemilk，whichismatchlessuptonow.Itisabreakthroughintheareaofclone.Geneticengineeringwasusedtointroducethe“mothers'milk”genesintotheanimalbeforebirth,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofAgribusinessTechnologyinBuenosAires.Asanadult,theclonedcow“willproducemilkthatissimilartothatofhumans”，whichwillprove“adevelopmentofgreatimportanceforthenutritionofinfants”，asitissaidinastatement.“Theclonedcow,namedRositaISA,isthefirstonebornintheworldthatownstwohumangenesthatcontaintheproteinspresentinhumanmil，k”thestatementsaid.InApril,scientistsinChinapublisheddetailsofresearchshowingthattheyhadcreatedGMHolsteindairycowswhichproducedmilkcontainingproteinsfoundinhumanbreastmilk.ButtheArgentineteamsaystheChineseonlyintroducedonehumangene,whereastheirresearchinvolvedtwogenes,meaningthemilkwillmorecloselyresemblethatofhumans.RositaISAwasbornonApril6andwasdeliveredbyCaesareansectionbecausesheweighedaround100pounds,roughlytwicethenormalweightofJerseyCows.AdrianMutto,fromtheNationalUniversityofSnaMartinsaid,“Ourgoalwastoraisethenutritionalvalueofcows'milkbyaddingtwohumangenes,theproteinlactoferrinandlysozyme,whichcanprovidenewly－bornbabieswithanti－bacterialandanti—viral（抗病毒）protection.”CristinaKirchner，PresidentofArgentina，saidthatthescientificinstitute“makesallArgentinesproud”．Shealsorevealedthatshehadrejectedthe“honor”ofhavingthecownamedafterher.“TheycometotellmethatthenameisCristina,butwhatwomanwouldliketohaveacownamedafterher？ItappearedtometobemoreappropriatetocallitRosita.”体裁：说明文题材：介绍说明主题：拥有人类基因的牛语篇导读：阿根廷科学家通过添加人类基因的方式培育出了能生产“类人乳”的牛。这是基因工程的一项突破。9．WhatcanweknowaboutRositaISAaccordingtothepassage?A．Itsmilkhaslargernutritionalvaluethanothers'.B．Itisthefirstcowwithahumangene.C．ItisasheavyasJerseycows.D．Itsmilkhasthesameproteinsashumanbreastmilk.【解析】A推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句…theworld'sfirstcowtoowntwohumangenes…可知，B项中的ahumangene错误；根据第七段…七wicethenormalweightofJerseycows.可知C项错误；根据第六段…七人©milkwillmorecloselyresembl