2017年6月英语六级真题第2套

2017年6月英语六级真题（第二套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouareaskedtogiveadviceonwhethertoattendcollegeathomeorabroad,writeanessaytostateyouropinion.Youarerequiredtowriteatle1a5s0twordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)and.DT)henmarkthecorrespondingletterAonswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Hewouldfeelinsulted.Hewouldfeelverysad.Hewouldbeembarrassed.Hewouldbedisappointed.A)Theyareworthyofaprize.Theyareoflittlevalue.Theymakegoodreading.Theyneedimprovement.A)Heseldomwritesabookstraightthrough.Hewritesseveralbookssimultaneously.Hedrawsonhisreal-lifeexperiences.Heoftenturnstohiswifeforhelp.A)Writingabookisjustlikewatchingafootballmatch.Writersactuallyworkeverybitashardasfootballers.Helikeswatchingafootballmatchafterfinishingabook.Unlikeafootballmatch,thereisnoendtowritingabook.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Achievementsofblackmaleathletesincollege.Financialassistancetoblackathletesincollege.Highcollegedropoutratesamongblackathletes.Undergraduateenrollmentsofblackathletes.A)Theydisplaygreattalentineverykindofgame.Theyarebetteratsportsthanatacademicwork.Theyhavedifficultyfindingmoneytocompletetheirstudies.Theymakemoneyforthecollegebutoftenfailtoearnadegree.A)About15%.Around40%.Slightlyover50%.Approximately70%.A)Coacheslacktheincentivetograduatethem.Collegedegreesdonotcountmuchtothem.Theyhavelittleinterestinacademicwork.Schoolsdonotdeemitaseriousproblem.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD.)ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterAonswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Marketingstrategies.Holidayshopping.Shoppingmalls.Onlinestores.A)About50%ofholidayshoppers.About20%-30%ofholidayshoppers.About136million.About183.8million.A)Theyhavefewercustomers.Theyfindithardtosurvive.Theyarethrivingoncemore.Theyappealtoelderlycustomers.A)Betterqualityofconsumergoods.Higheremploymentandwages.Greatervarietiesofcommodities.Peoplehavingmoreleisuretime.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theyarenewspeciesofbiginsects.Theyareoverprescribedantibiotics.Theyarelife-threateningdiseases.Theyareantibiotic-resistantbacteria.A)Antibioticsarenowinshortsupply.Manyinfectionsarenolongercurable.Largeamountsoftaxmoneyarewasted.Routineoperationshavebecomecomplex.A)Facilities.Expertise.Money.Publicity.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchomiacreksedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Itisaccessibleonlytothetalented.Itimprovesstudents'abilitytothink.Itstartsalifelonglearningprocess.Itgivesbirthtomanyeminentscholars.A)Theyencourageacademicdemocracy.Theypromoteglobalization.Theyupholdthepresidents'authority.Theyprotectstudents'rights.A)Histhirstforknowledge.Hiseagernesstofindajob.Hiscontemptforauthority.Hispotentialforleadership.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Fewpeopleknowhowtoretrieveinformationproperly.Peoplecanenhancetheirmemorywithafewtricks.Mostpeoplehavearatherpoorlong-termmemory.Peopletendtounderestimatetheirmentalpowers.A)Theypresentthestatesinasurprisinglydifferentorder.Theyincludemoreorlessthesamenumberofstates.Theyareexactlythesameasisshownintheatlas.Theycontainnamesofthemostfamiliarstates.A)Focusingonwhatislikelytobetested.Havingagoodsleepthenightbefore.Reviewingyourlessonswheretheexamistotakeplace.Makingsensibledecisionswhilechoosingyouranswers.A)Discoverwhenyoucanlearnbest.Changeyourtimeofstudydaily.Giveyourselfadoublebonusafterwards.Followtheexampleofamarathonrunner.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Heisapolitician.Heisabusinessman.Heisasociologist.Heisaneconomist.A)Inslums.InAfrica.Inpre-industrialsocieties.Indevelopingcountries.A)Theyhavenoaccesstohealthcare,letaloneentertainmentorrecreation.Theirincomeislessthan50%ofthenationalaveragefamilyincome.Theyworkextrahourstohavetheirbasicneedsmet.Theirchildrencannotaffordtogotoprivateschools.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

AfterbecomingpresidentofPurdueUniversityin2013,MitchDanielsaskedthefacultytoprovethattheirstudentshaveactuallyachievedoneofhighereducation'smostimportantgoals:criticalthinkingskills.Twoyearsbefore,anationwidestudyofcollegegraduateshadshownthatmorethanathirdhadmadeno26gainsinsuchmentalabilitiesduringtheirschoolyears.Mr.Daniels,neededto27thehighcostofattendingPurduetoitsstudentsandtheirfamilies.Afterall,thepercentageofAmericanswhosayacollegedegreeis“veryimportant"hasfallen28inthelast5-6years.Purduenowhasapilottesttoassessthecriticalthinkingskillsofstudentsastheyprogress.YetlikemanycollegeteachersaroundtheUnitedStates,thefacultyremain29thattheirworkaseducatorscanbemeasuredbya“learning30suchasagraduate'sabilitytoinvestigateaidreason".Howevertheprofessorscanuse31metricstomeasurehowwellstudentsdointhreekeyareas:criticalthinking,writtencommunication,andquantitativeliteracy.Despitethesuccessoftheexperiment,theactualresultsareworrisome,andmostl32earlierstudies.Theorganizersoftheexperimentconcludedthatfarfewerstudentswere“achievingathighlevelsonacriticalthinkingthantheyweredoingforwrittencommunicationorquantitativeliteracy".Andthatconclusionisbasedonlyonstudentsnearinggraduation.Americanuniversities,despitetheirglobal33forexcellenceinteaching,haveonlybeguntodemonstratewhattheycanproduceinreal-worldlearning.Knowledge-baseddegreesarestillimportant.Butemployersare34advancedthinkingskillsfromcollegegraduate.Iftheintellectualworthofacollegedegreecanbe35measured,morepeoplewillseekhighereducation—andcomeoutbetterthinkers.accuratelyconfirmaccuratelyconfirmdemandingdoubtfuldrasticallyjustifymonopolizedoutcomeJ)presumingK)reputationsignificantM)signifyN)simultaneouslyO)standardizedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.EliteMathCompetitionsStruggletoDiversifyTheirTalentPoolInterestinelitehighschoolmathcompetitionshasgrowninrecentyears,andinlightoflastsummer'sU.S.winattheInternationalMathOlympiad—thefirstforanAmericanteaminmorethantwodecades—thetrendislikelytocontinue.Butwillsuchcontests,whichareoverwhelminglydominatedbyAsianandwhitestudentsfrommiddle-classandaffluentfamilies,becomeanymorediverse?Manysocialandculturalfactorsplayrolesindeterminingwhichpromisingstudentsgetonthepathtowardinternationalmathrecognition.Buteffortsareinplacetoexposemoreblack,Hispanic,andlow-incomestudentstoadvancedmath,inthehopethatthedemographicpoolofhigh-levelcontenderswilleventuallybegintoshiftandbecomelessinsular.“Thechallengeisifcertaintypesofpeoplearedoingsomething,it'sdifficultforotherpeopletobreakintoit,”saidPo-ShenLoh,theheadcoachoflastyear'swinningU.S.MathOlympiadteamandanassociateprofessorofmathematicsatCarnegieMellonUniversity.Participationgrowsthroughfriendsandnetworksandif“yourealizethat'showthey'regrowing,youcanstarttotakeaction”andbringinotherstudents,hesaid.Mostofthetrainingforadvanced-mathcompetitionshappensoutsidetheconfinesofthenormalschoolday.Studentsattendafter-schoolclubs,summercamps,onlineforumsandclasses,anduniversity-based“mathcircles”,ormathematician-ledgroups,toprepareforthepaper-basedandface-to-facecompetitions.Oneofthelargestfeedersforhighschoolmathcompetitions—includingthosethateventuallyleadtotheInternationalMathOlympiad—isamiddleschoolprogramcalledMATHCOUNTS.About100,000studentsaroundthecountryparticipateintheprogram'scompetitionseries,whichculminatesinanationalgame-show-stylecontestheldeachMay.ThemostrecentonetookplacelastweekinWashington.Studentsjoinateamthroughtheirschools,whichprovideavolunteercoachandpayanominalfeetosendstudentstoregionalandstatecompetitions.The224studentswhomakeittothenationalcompetitiongetanall-expenses-paidtrip.Nearlyallmembersoflastyear'swinningU.S.IMOteamtookpartinMATHCOUNTSasmiddleschoolstudents—asdidLoh,thecoach.“Middleschoolisanimportantagebecausestudentshaveenoughmathcapabilitytosolveadvancedproblems,buttheyhaven'treallydecidedwhattheywanttodowiththeirlives,”saidLoh.“Theyoftengethookedthen.”Anotherinfluentialfeederforadvanced-mathstudentsisanonlineschoolcalledArtofProblemSolving,whichbeganabout13yearsagoandnowhas15,000users.Studentsuseforumstochat,playgames,andsolveproblemstogetheratnocost,ortheycanpayafewhundreddollarstotakecourseswithtrainedteachers.AccordingtoRichardRusczyk,thecompanyfounder,thesixU.S.teammemberswhocompetedattheInternationalMathOlympiadlastyearcollectivelytookmorethan40coursesonthesite.Parentsofadvanced-mathstudentsandMATHCOUNTScoachessaythechildrenareonthewebsiteconstantly.Therearealsodozensofsummercamps—manyattachedtouniversities—thataimtoprepareelitemathstudents.Somearepricey—athree-week,intensiveprogramcancost$4,500ormore—butmostofferscholarships.TheMathOlympiadSummerTrainingProgram—thethree-weekmathcampheldbytheMathematicalAssociationofAmericathatleadsstraighttotheinternationalchampionship—isfreeforthosewhomakeit.Onlyabout50studentsareinvitedbasedontheirperformanceonwrittentestsandattheUSAMathOlympiad.Studentsinuniversitytownsmayalsohaveaccesstoanotherleverforinvolvementinacceleratedmath:mathcircles.Inthesegroups,whichcameoutofanEasternEuropeantraditionofdevelopingyoungtalent,professorsteachpromisingK-12studentsadvancedmathematicsforseveralhoursafterschooloronweekends.TheLosAngelesMathCircle,heldattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,beganin2007with20studentsandnowhasmorethan250.AccordingtoMarkSaul,thedirectorofcompetitionsfortheMathematicalAssociationofAmerica,notasingleAfrican-AmericanorHispanicstudent—andonlyahandfulofgirls—hasevermadeittotheMathOlympiadteaminits50yearsofexistence.Manyschoolssimplydon'tprioritizeacademiccompetitions.“Doyouknowwhowehavetobeat?”askedSaul.“Thefootballteam,thebasketballteam—that'sourcompetitionforresources,studenttime,attention,schooldollars,parentefforts,schoolenthusiasm.”AccordingtoLouDiGioia,theprogram'sexecutivedirector,thoseconnectionsoftenlastwellintohighschool,andbeyond.“KidsattheMATHCOUNTSnationalcompetitionareinthetopechelonofmathintelligence—they'rejustintheirownworld.It'sgreatforthemtocometogetherandhaveanetworkofpeople.”Thereisadownsidetothesocialaspectofadvanced-mathcompetitions:Itcanbreedinsularcommunities.ANewYorkCity-basednonprofitcalledBridgetoEnterMathematicsrunsaresidentialsummerprogramaimedatgettingunderserved,mostlyblackandHispanicstudentsworkingtowardmathandsciencecareers.Thesummerafter7thgrade,studentsspendthreeweeksonacollegecampusstudyingadvancedmathforsevenhoursaday.Overthenextfiveyears,thegrouphelpsthestudentsgetintootherelitesummermathprograms,high-performinghighschools,andeventuallycollege.About250studentssofarhavegonethroughtheprogram,whichreceivesfundingfromtheJackKentCookeFoundation.(Thefoundationalsosupportssomecoverageoflow-income,high-achievingstudentsinEducationWeek.)“Ifyoulookatalotoflow-incomecommunitiesintheUnitedStates,thereareprogramsthatareservingthem,butthey'reprimarilycenteredaround,‘Let'sgetthesekids'gradesup,'andnotaround,‘Let'sgetthesekidsaccesstothesamekindsofopportunitiesasmore-affluentkids,'”saidDanielZaharopol,thefounderandexecutivedirectoroftheprogram.“We'retryingtocreatethatpathway.”Studentsapplytotheprogramdirectlyrtohughtheirschools.“Wewanttoreachparentswhoarenotpluggedintothesystem,”saidZaharopol.Middleschoolisacrucialperiodwhenstudentsmaybecomekeenlyinterestedinadvancedmathematics.ElitehighschoolmathcompetitionsareattractingmoreinterestthroughouttheUnitedStates.Mathcirclesprovidestudentswithaccesstoadvanced-mathtrainingbyuniversityprofessors.Studentsmaytakeadvantageofonlineresourcestolearntosolvemathproblems.Thesummerprogramrunbyanonprofitorganizationhashelpedmanyunderservedstudentslearnadvancedmath.Winnersoflocalcontestswillparticipateinthenationalmathcompetitionforfree.Manyschoolsdon'tplaceacademiccompetitionsatthetopoftheirprioritylist.ContestantsofelitehighschoolmathcompetitionsaremostlyAsianandwhitestudentsfromwell-offfamilies.Somemathtrainingprogramsprimarilyfocusonraisingstudents'mathscore.Someintensivesummerprogramsareveryexpensivebutmostofthemprovidescholarships.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WelivetodayinindebtedtoMcCardell,Cashin,Hawes,Wilkins,andMaxwell,andotherwomenwholiberatedAmericanfashionfromtheconfinesofParisiandesign.Independencecameintrying,wrapping,storing,harmonizing,andrationalizingthatwardrobe.Thesedesignersestablishedthemoderndresscode,lettingplaysuitsandotheractivewearoutfitssufficeforcasualclosing,allowingpantstoenterthewardrobe,andprizingrationalismandversatilityindress,incontradictiontodressingforanoccasionorallotmentoftheday.FashioninAmericawaslogicalandanswerabletothewillofwomenwhoworeit.Implicitlyorexplicitly,Americanfashionaddressedademocracy,whereastraditionalParis-basedfashionwasprescriptiveandimposedonwomen,willingornot.Inanearliertime,AmericanfashionhadalsofollowedthedictatesofParis,orevencopiedandpiratedspecificFrenchdesigns.DesignersportswearwasnotmodeledonthatofEurope,as“modernart”wouldlaterbe;itwasgenuinelyinventedanddevelopedinAmerica.Itsdesignerswerenothigh-endedwithsupplementarylines.Thedesignobjectiveandthebusinesscommitmentweretosportswear,andthedistinctivetraitswereproblem-solvingingenuityandrealisticlifestyleapplications.Easeofcarewasmostimportant:summerdressesandoutfits,inparticular,werechieflycotton,readilycapableofbeingwashedandpressedinhome.Closingsweresimple,practical,andaccessible,asthemodernwomandependedonnopersonalmaidtodressher.Americandesignerspricedresourcefulnessandthefreedomofwomenwhoworeclothing.Manyhavearguedthatthewomendesignersofthistimewereabletoprojecttheirownclothingvaluesintoanewstyle.Ofcourse,muchofthisargumentinthe1930s-40swasadvancedbecausetherewaslittleornoexperienceinjustifyingapparel(服装)onthebasisofutility,fPariswascastaside,thetraditionofbeautywasalsotosomedegreeslighted.Designersportswearwouldhavetobeverifiedbyastandardotherthanthatofpurebeauty;theemulationofadesigner'slifeindesignersportswearwasacrudeversionofthisrelationship,Theconsumerwasultimatelytobementionedaswell,especiallybythelikesofDorothyShaver,whocouldpointtothesalesfiguresatLord&Taylor,CouldutilityalonejustifythenewideasofAmericandesigners?Fashionisoftenregardedasapursuitofbeauty,andsomecherishedfashion'strivialrelationshiptothefinearts,WhatthedesignersofAmericansportswearprovedwasthatfashionisagenuinedesignart,answeringtothedemandingneedsofservice,Ofcoursethesepractical,insightfuldesignershavedeterminedthecourseoflatetwentieth-centuryfashion,Theywerethepioneersofgenderequity,intheiruseful,adaptableclothing,whichwasbothmadeforthemassesandcapableofself-expression,WhatcontributiondidthewomendesignersmaketoAmericanfashion?TheymadesomeimprovementsontraditionalParisiandesign,TheyformulatedadresscodewithdistinctiveAmericanfeatures,Theycameupwithabrandnewsetofdesignprocedures,Theymadeoriginalityatoppriorityintheirfashiondesign,WhatdowelearnaboutAmericandesignersportswear?ItimitatedtheEuropeanmodel,Itlaidemphasisonwomen'sbeauty,ItrepresentedgenuineAmericanart.Itwasacompletelynewinvention.WhatcharacterizedAmericandesignersportswear?Pursuitofbeauty.Easeofcare.Decorativeclosings.Fabricquality.Whatoccurredinthedesignofwomen'sapparelinAmericanduring1930s-40s?Ashiftofemphasisfrombeautytoutility.TheemulationoftraditionalParisiandesign.Asearchforbalancebetweentraditionandnovelty.Theinvolvementofmorewomeninfashiondesign.WhatdowelearnaboutdesignersofAmericansportswear?Theycateredtothetasteoftheyoungergeneration.Theyradicallychangedpeople'sconceptofbeauty.Theyadvocatedequitybetweenmenandwomen.TheybecamerivalsoftheirParisiancounterparts.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Massiverubbishdumpsandsprawlinglandfillscontributetooneofthemoreuncomfortableimpactsthathumanshaveonwildlife.Theyhaveledsomebirdstogiveuponmigration.Insteadofflyingthousandsofmilesinsearchoffood,theymakethewastesitestheirwinterfeedinggrounds.ResearchersinGermanyusedminiatureGPStagstotrackthemigrationsof70whitsetorks(鹳)fromdifferentsitesacrossEuropeandAsiaduringthefirstfivemonthsoftheirlives.Whilemanybirdstravelledalongwell-knownroutestowarmerclimates,othersstoppedshortandspentthewinteronlandfills,feedingonfoodwaste,andthemultitudesofinsectsthatthriveonthedumps.Intheshort-term,thebirdsseemtobenefitfromoverwintering(过冬)onrubbishdumps.AndreaFlackoftheMaxPlanckInstitutefoundthatbirdsfollowingtraditionalmigrationroutesweremorelikelytodiethanGermanstorksthatflewonlyasfarasnorthernMorocco,andspentthewinterthereonrubbishdumps.“Forthebirdsit'saveryconvenientwaytogetfood.Therearehugeclustersoforganicwastetheycanfeedon,”saidFlack.Themealsarenotparticularlyappetising,orevensafe.Muchofthewasteisdiscardedrottenmeat,mixedinwithotherhumandebrissuchasplasticbagsandoldtoys.“It'sveryrisky.Thebirdscaneasilyeatpiecesofplasticorrubberbandsandtheycandie,”saidFlack.“Andwedon'tknowaboutthelong-termconsequences.Theymighteatsomethingtoxicanddamagetheirhealth.Wecannotestimatethatyet.”ThescientiststrackedwhitestorksfromdifferentcoloniesinEuropeandAfrica.TheRussian,GreekandPolishstorksflewasfarasSouthAfrica,whilethosefromSpain,TunisiaandGermanyflewonlyasfarastheSahel.LandfillsitesontheIberianPeninsulahavelongattractedlocalwhitestorks,nutalloftheSpanishbirdstaggedinthestudyflewacrosstheSaharadeserttothewesternSahel.Writinginthejournal,thescie