考研考博-英语-三亚理工职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三亚理工职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.问答题

Iwouldadvise(A)younottopressthematter(B)toohardorbecomeconvincingthat(C)moneydoesnotmatter(D).

【答案】试题答案：C;becomeconvincedthat

【解析】考查固定句型。convince意为“使相信，说服”，一般用于convincesb.that...（使某人相信……），其被动结构为：sb.beconvincedthat...本句为：you...becomeconvincedthat...

2.单选题

Negativedatasurpriseshaveforcedmanytodowngradetheirforecastsforgrowthandpolicyimplications,especiallyintheUS.

问题1选项

A.reject

B.reduce

C.reform

D.reserve

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reject“拒绝；排斥；抵制”；B选项reduce“减少；降低”；C选项reform“改革；革新”；D选项reserve“储备；保留；预约”。句意：出人意料的负面数据迫使许多人……了对增长和政策影响的预测，尤其是在美国。由逻辑关系可知，主语Negativedatasurprises“出人意料的负面数据”会降低人们forecastsforgrowthandpolicyimplications“对增长和政策影响的预测”。因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Startingwiththe______thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,thescientistwentontodevelophisargument.

问题1选项

A.premise

B.pretext

C.foundation

D.presentation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项premise“前提，假定”；B选项pretext“借口，托词”；C选项foundation“地基，基础”；D选项presentation“提交，展示”。根据that引导的同位语从句“火星上有生命”可知选A。句意：从火星上有生命这一前提出发，这位科学家继续深入他的论点。

4.写作题

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonTheBasicPurposeofCollegeEducation.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Somepeoplebelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture;

2.Othersarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs;

3.Youropinions.

【答案】ThePurposeofHigherEducation

Whatisthepurposeofhighereducation?Thisisundoubtedlyadebatableissue,sopeoplehaveamixedresponsetoit.

Recently,theeducationalcircleinChinahaslaunchedaheateddiscussionconcerningthepurposeofhighereducation.Accordingtoarecentquestionnaireconductedbyaneducationalorganization,45percentofteachersandstudentsbelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture.Theyholdtheviewthattheculturalheritagesofmankind,whethertheyaretangibleorintangible,shouldbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Soteachersandstudentshavetheirresponsibilitiesandobligationstopreserve,developandtransmitourintellectualculture.Theyshouldbedevotedtoachievingthisgoalonalong-termbasis.

Onthecontrary,55percentofteachersandstudentsarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs.Theymaintainthatinstitutionsofhigherlearningshouldcultivatestudents’creativityandworkingskillswhilegivingthemknowledge.Withpracticalskills,theycanearntheirbreadinahighlycompetitiveworld.Inotherwords,iftheknowledgestudentshaveacquiredisnotconducivetotheirjobhunting,what’stheuseofacquiringknowledge?

Inmyopinion,ifwelaidtoomuchemphasisonthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture,ourstudentswouldlosetheiropportunitiestocultivateworkingskillsandthusruntheriskofbecomingbookworms.Ifcollegesanduniversitiesstressedthecultivationofworkingskillstoomuch,studentswouldbeshortofintellectualculture.Whatreallycountsiskeepingabalancebetweentheformerandthelatter.It’sidealforourstudentstodevelopinanall-roundway.

5.单选题

Theremarkable（）oflifeontheGalopagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.

问题1选项

A.classification

B.variety

C.density

D.diversion

【答案】B

【解析】词汇题。variety变种,

多样,

种种；classification分类,

类别,

级别；density

稠密,

密度；diversion转移,

消遣。根据句意，这里应该是生命的多样性。选项B正确。句意：加拉帕戈斯群岛上生命的显著多样性启发了查尔斯·达尔文建立了他的进化论。

6.不定项选择题

TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct.Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.

Membershipinthemwascommonlyrestrictedtoafewprivilegedfamilies.Besides,theyweresocompletelychokedbytraditionthattheywereunabletomakeadjustmentstochangingconditions.Moreover,newindustrieshadsprungupentirelyoutsidetheguildsystem.Characteristicexampleswereminingandsmeltingandthewoolenindustry.Therapiddevelopmentoftheseenterpriseswasstimulatedbytechnicaladvances,suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.Intheminingandsmeltingindustriesaformoforganizationwasadoptedsimilartothatwhichhasprevailedeversince.

ButthemosttypicalformofindustrialproductionintheCommercialRevolutionwasthedomesticsystem,developedfirstofallinthewoolenindustry.Thedomesticsystemderivesitsnamefromthefactthattheworkwasdoneinthehomesofindustrialartisansinsteadofintheshopofamastercraftsman.Sincethevariousjobsinthemanufactureofaproductweregivenoutoncontract,thesystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic.Therawmaterialwaspurchasedbyanentrepreneurandassignedtoindividualworker,eachofwhomwouldcompletehisallottedtaskforastipulatedpayment.Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers,fillers,anddyerinsuccession.Whentheclothwasfinallyfinished,itwouldbetakenbytheclothierandsoldintheopenmarketforthehighestpriceitwouldbring.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatchangesdidtheCommercialRevolutionbringabout?

2.Theword“defunct”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,inwhichareawasitmoreenergy-effective?

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.Methodsofproduction.

B.Appearanceofcraftguilds.

C.Increasedtradevolume.

D.Growthoftrade,bankingandmethodsofproduction.

问题2选项

A.popular

B.obsolete

C.potential

D.extensive

问题3选项

A.Smeltingindustry

B.Miningindustry

C.Banking

D.Weaving

问题4选项

A.theguildsystemwasmoreefficient

B.thedomesticsystemwascapitalistic

C.thetechnicaladvancestimulatedtheguildsystem

D.thedomesticsystemwasnotasefficientastheguildsystem

问题5选项

A.Technicaladvancesstimulatedthedevelopmentofenterprises.

B.Inthewoolenindustry,weaverswouldpassontheirproductstospinners.

C.Thedomesticsystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.

D.Theword“clothier”issynonymousto“entrepreneur”inthiscontext.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据文章内容，商业革命带来了哪些变化？选项A“生产方式”；选项B“手工业工会的出现”；选项C“贸易量的增加”；选项D“贸易，银行和生产方式的进步”，根据第一段第一句的内容“TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.当然，商业革命没有限制贸易和银行业的发展。它还带来了生产方式的根本性变化”，所以商业革命的影响包括两方面的内容，选项A和选项B表达的都正确，但是只是一部分的影响，不全面，所以可以排除；选项C错误；故正确答案为选项D。

第2题:词义辨析题。第一段中“defunct”这个单词大概的意思是，popular“流行的”；obsolete“废弃的，已经过时的”；potential“潜在的；有潜力的”；extensive“广泛的”，我们可以根据下文来猜测这个单词的含义，根据第一段最后一句话“Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.工会本身被精通技术的人主导，变得自私和排他”，这句话是对“defunct”所在句“ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct”中世纪晚期，由手工工会发展而来的制造业迅速地变得“defunct”的进一步解释说明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思应该是obsolete，故正确答案为选项B。

第3题:推理判断题。根据文章内容，哪个地方的能源利用最高效？选项A“冶炼行业”；选项B“煤矿业”；选项C“银行业”；选项D“纺织业”；根据文章第二段中“suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.如转轮的发明和葡萄酒生产铜的方法，它们只需要以前大约一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技术的改进，在冶炼行业能源的使用变得十分的高效,故正确答案为选项A。

第4题:细节事实题。作者暗示什么，选项A“工会制度更加高效”；选项B“家庭手工制是资本主义”；选项C“技术进步刺激了工会制度”；选项D“家庭手工制不如工会制度那么有效率”，根据文章第三段中“Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic尽管生产规模小，组织基本上是资本主义”，可知家庭手工制是资本主义，故正确答案为选项B。

第5题:细节事实题。根据文章内容，以下哪个陈述是不对的？选项A“技术进步刺激了企业的发展”；选项B“在羊毛工业中，织布工可以把产品传递给纺纱工”；选项C“家庭手工业也称为散工制”；选项D在这篇文章中，“呢绒商”是“企业家”的代名词，根据文章第三段中“Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers…羊毛产业的纱线会首先给纺纱工，然后传递给织布工”，可知并非织布工把产品传递给纺纱工，故正确答案为选项B。

7.翻译题

1.中国是世界上的发明大国，但是很多发明无法走出实验室，归根结底是资金问题。

2.当然我们还应该充分意识到，大熊猫生存的主要威胁不是来自于大熊猫的繁殖能力，而是来自于人类对大熊猫自然生态环境的破坏。

3.他饮他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一种境界：自我安定。

4.自幼来自农村且深受“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我，是断然不肯将能吃的剩菜倒掉的。

5.太多的医学和研究生教育把学生禁闭在黑暗的房间里，使他们成为被强迫灌输信息的笨人。

【答案】1.China,oneoftheworld'sleadinginnovators,findsitselfintheawkwardsituationofbeingunabletogetmanyofitsinventionsoutofthelabs,whichcomesdowntotheproblemoffunding.

2.Ofcourse,weshouldalsobefullyawarethatthemainthreattothesurvivalofthepandaspeciescomesnotfromthepoorpropagationofthespecies,butfrommankind’sdestructionofpandas'naturalhabitat.

3.Life,itseemstome,needsaplacidityofmind.Whileothersmaybewininganddining,I'mcontentwithplaintea.

4.Borninthecountrysideandalwaystaughttobelieveprofoundlyintheneedto“treasureeachandeverygrainofriceinthebowl”，Iflatlyrefusetothrowawaytheleftovers.

5.Toomanymedicalstudentsandpostgraduatesreceiveeducationinaclosedroom,andfinallybecomeapassiveknowledge-receivingidiot.

8.单选题

Ifyougetintoabathfullofwater,someofthewaterwill（

）ontothefloor.

问题1选项

A.overlap

B.overflow

C.flourish

D.flutter

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项overlap“与…重叠”；B选项overflow“溢出，泛滥”；C选项flourish“繁荣，茂盛，茁壮成长”；D选项flutter“飘动，飞来飞去”。句意：如果你进入一个充满水的浴缸，水将会溢出到地板上。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

AWorldWithoutBooksOrMusic

Ifbookshadneverbeendiscovered,manwouldhavefoundsomeotherwayofrecordinghiscommunication.Butthen,forourconsideration,weshouldincludeasbookseverythingthatisawrittenrecord.Thiswouldincludetablets,papyrusandanythingelse一includingcomputerdiskettes.Inthecaseofmusic,itwouldbeimpossibletothinkthatmancanlivewithoutit.Lookingatprimitivecultures,itappearsthatmusicisactuallyapartofthehumanpsyche.Whentwothingsareknockedtogether,musicisproduced.Soforthesakeofourdiscussion,itisintendedtorestrictthemeaningofmusictothepopularlyacceptedconcept.Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.

Thoughitisdifficultto,wecanpretendthatthesethingsneverexisted.Inthiscasewewouldnotmissthemtoday.Tocomparewithrecentinventions,letuslookatradioandtelevision.Thoughwecannotthinkoflifewithoutthemtoday,thisissoonlyfromcomparativelyrecenttimes.Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.Butbooksareadifferentthingbecausethey,orsomethingakintothem,beganthousandsofyearsago.Inthecaseofmusic,itgoesbackevenfurther—perhapstomillionsofyears.Wemaybeabletoimagineaworldwhichneversawbooks,becausebooksareahumaninvention.However,inthecaseofmusicthisdoesnotseempossible.Pleasingsoundsareallaroundus;likethesingingofthebirdsandthewhistlingofthewind.Musicjustseemstobeinborninusandintheworldaroundus.

Ifbooksdidnotexist,theworldwillbeapoorerplaceindeed.GreatphilosophieslikePlato'swouldbecomeunknownandallthepleasuresandlessonswecouldgetfromthemwillbelostforever.ThenthereisliteratureliketheworksofthegreatmasterslikeShakespeare,DickensandJaneAusten.Whatasombre,miserableworlditwillbewithoutthepleasuresofreading.Sincetherearesomanyotherthingswhichdependonreading-likeplays,songsandmovies―wecanexpectthemtodisappearalso.Itwouldbeadarkandunsatisfyingworldwhereknowledgeisnotpropagated;wheretherearenobookstoderivepleasurefrom.

Inthecaseofmusic:Withoutittheworldwillbebleakandcoldindeed.Itwouldbeaterribleworldwithnocheerytunes,nosongstosingandnogreatmusictoloseourselvesin.AworldwhichdoesnotlistentothemusicofthegreatmasterslikeChopinandBeethovenwouldbeaverysorryworld.Therewillnotbesomanysmilesonfacesanymore.Whenwelosemusic,anexpressionofadeeppartofourselves-fromthesoul-islost.Withmusic,connectedactivitieslikedancingwillbelosttoo.AworldwithoutmusicanddancingwillbringusbacktotheStoneAge.

Unlikeradio,television,telephonesandcomputers,readingandmusicarenotmereconveniencesthatwecanlivewithout.Readingiscrucialforself-expressionandforpassingonrecordsandknowledgetofuturegenerations.Musicispartofourverysoul.Aworldwithoutthesewillnotbetheworldasweknowit.Infact,manyofuswouldnotwanttoliveinsuchaworld.

1.Musicispartofthehumanpsychebecause().

2.Accordingtothepassage,lifewithouttelevisionandradiowouldbe()..

3.Itisimpossibletoimagineaworldwithoutmusicbecause().

4.Aworldwithoutbookswouldbe()..

5.Whyismusicsomethingthatwecannotlivewithout?

问题1选项

A.itispartofprimitiveculture

B.itissomethingweliketolistento

C.italwaysstrikesachordwithus

D.ithasbeenproducedsinceancienttimes

问题2选项

A.essentiallythesame

B.verydifferent

C.quiteboring

D.spirituallymoresatisfying

问题3选项

A.musiclikebooksisahumaninvention

B.itiscrucialforself-expression

C.enjoyablesoundsexistinourenvironment

D.plays,songsandmoviesdependonit

问题4选项

A.bleakandcold

B.averysorryworld

C.dreadfullyunsatisfying

D.darkanddull

问题5选项

A.BecauseitisaconvenienceliketheInternet.

B.Becausewewillloseadeeppartofourselves.

C.Becausewewon'thavesmilesonourfacesanymore.

D.BecausephilosophieslikePlato'swouldnotexist.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段的最后一句“Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.”音乐是我们喜欢听的令人愉悦的所有声音。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第二段的五六七句“Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.”我们中有许多人曾经历过一段没有电视的日子。他们会告诉我们,生活并没有多大的不同。收音机可能也是如此。所以选项A正确。

3.根据第二段的倒数二三句“However,inthecaseofmusic...thewhistlingofthewind.”我们无法想象一个没有音乐的世界,因为我们无时无刻不被像鸟儿的歌唱和风的呼啸这样悦耳的声音环绕着。也就是说我们的环境中存在着令人愉快的声音。选项C符合原文。

4.根据第三段的最后一句“Itwouldbeadarkandunsatisfyingworld...derivepleasurefrom.”没有知识的传播，没有读书带来的乐趣，这将是一个黑暗并且不令人满意的世界。bleakandcold阴暗寒冷；averysorryworld悲惨的世界；dreadfullyunsatisfying令人极度不满意的；darkanddull黑暗沉闷的。选项C更接近原文。

5.根据第四段的倒数第三句“Whenwelosemusic,anexpressionofadeeppartofourselves-fromthesoul-islost.”当我们失去了音乐，我们也失去了内心深处的一种表达——来自灵魂的表达。选项B符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

10.单选题

Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy（）tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.

问题1选项

A.acquaintance

B.accuracy

C.access

D.acquisition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。acquaintance“熟人；相识；了解”；accuracy“准确性”；access“进入；通道；有使用权”，与介词to搭配；acquisition“获得物，获得”。句意：这套系统设计的目的是为了让学生能快速并且容易使用图书馆资源。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Wehad（）wonderfultime（）theparty（）otherday.

问题1选项

A.a,on,the

B./,at,on

C.a,at,the

D./,on,/

【答案】C

【解析】句意:前几天，我在聚会上玩得很开心。

考查固定搭配。haveawonderfultime玩得开心。atparty在聚会上。theotherday前几天。

12.单选题

Chicago'ssegregationofminoritiesisasoldasthecityitself.TheAfrican-Americanneighborhoodsoftoday'sSouthandWestsidesarelocatedinexactlythesamepartsofthecityastheAfrican-Americanneighborhoodsof1910.Andfrom1930totoday,theseAfricanAmericaneighborhoodshavebeenrepresentedinCongressandinthestatehousebyAfrican-Americanpoliticians,whohavedoneverylittle(otherthanpassFederalbenefitprograms)toliftAfrican-Americansoutofpoverty.Inthe2000Census,forexample,ofthetenpoorestcensustractsintheentireUnitedStates,ninewerelocatedintheSouthandWestSideAfrican-AmericanareasruledbyAfrican-AmericancongressmenBobbyRushandJesseJacksonJr.TheconceptofWesternImperialColonialismisverypopularintheliteratureofracialexploitation.ThecontinentofAfricawasdividedupinto“colonies”bythemajorEuropeanImperialpowersinaveryshortperiodoftime:justsevenyears,from1885to1892.Previously,Britainhadseizedvastterritoriesbelongingtootherculturesforhundredsofyears.Butin20thcenturyAmericaanewtypeofcolonywasinvented:AmericanurbancoloniesinthelargemetropolitanareasfromtheMidwestandNortheasttoLosAngeles.TheseweremadepossiblebytheGreatMigrationofAfrican-AmericansfromtheSouthtotheNorth,whichbeganduringWWI.Astheymovednorth,African-Americanswereimmediatelyconfinedtoghettoesdefinedbyracialboundaries.Noonedoubtsthatthissegregationwasdoneintentionally.Butit'simportanttorealizethatthissegregationwasnotcreatedbytheracistattitudesoftheresidentsofChicago(Chicagoneverhadslaves)butbytherulingpoliticalelite.AssoonastheAfrican-AmericanpopulationofChicagobegantoexpand,theGreatDepressionhitandputmanypersonsoutofwork.FDR'sresponsetothiswastocreatetheNewDealprogramsofwelfare,foodassistance,andsubsidizedhousing.Whilethisgreatlyhelpedunemployedpersonsofallraces,forAfrican-Americansitbegantheghettoizationoftheirpeopleintowhatcanonlybecalledurbancoloniesinthelargecitiesofthenorth.Thepatternseeninthe

20largestcitiesoftheUnitedStatesfrom1920to2010isremarkablyconsistent.In192019ofthetwentylargestcitieswerealllocatedintheNorth.Allofthesenineteencitieswerefrom92.5%to99%white.TheoneexceptionwasBaltimore,MDandthatwas85%white.Ithadaslightlylargerblackpopulationonlybecauseitwasaportofentryfortheslavetrade.Similarly,allofthesecitiessawgreatincreasesintheirblackpopulationsstartingin1920.By1990thesecitieswerefrom26to76%black.ThesecitiesdidnotlosewhitesbecauseAfrican-Americansmovedin.Rather,itismoreaccuratetosaythatAmericansareahighlymigratorygroup,andthebigcitieswereportsofentryforEuropeanimmigrants.Soaswhitesleft,politicianswantedtomaintaintheirpopulationnumbers.

Bythe2010CensusthecitieswiththehighestblackpopulationswereDetroit,MI,whichwas83%black,andNewark,NJwhichwas52%.(Sources:CensuspaperNo.76andCensus2010Quickfacts).AndsinceinallthemajorindustrialcitiesoftheNorth,thedestinationsofjob-seekingAfrican-AmericanmigrantswerecontrolledbyDemocrats,itisoverwhelminglyclearthatthesegreatpocketsofurbanpovertywerecreatedandmaintainedbythatonepoliticalparty.Tragicallyallofthesecitieshaveveryhighratesofsegregation,pooreducationforAfrican-Americans;highunemployment,singlemotherhood,andcrime.InChicago,“negrowards”astheywerethencalled,werequicklydrawnup:theirboundariesreflected(andpromoted)theracialsegregationofthetime.TheirpoliticalrepresentativeswereAfrican-American,andtheywereexpectedtodelivervotestotheDemocraticParty.MostAmericansdon'tknowthatChicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics.

Furthermore,sinceLincolnfreedtheslaves,African-AmericansinChicagovotedforRepublicans,untilaDemocraticMayor,AntonCermak,tookover;firedallthethousandsofAfrican-AmericanswhoRepublicanshadgivencitygovernmentjobs,andtookovertheblackvote.SincethattimeChicago'sAfrican-Americanshavebeenrepresentedexclusivelybyblackpoliticians,andalwayslivedinpoverty.WhatmadetheblacksubmachineofChicagopossiblewasthatChicagoalreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine.ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.WhatmakestheAmericanUrbanColonialismplansorevolutionaryandingeniousisthatitdoesnotrelyonagreementswithforeigngovernments;themarketpriceofironore,orcottonforprofits;butonFederalbenefitprograms.Theseprogramdollarsareinfinitelymorereliableandpoliticallystable.

1.Accordingtotheessay,Americancitieslostwhiteresidentsdueto（

）.

2.Theessaysconvincinglydemonstratesthat

（

）.

3.TheDemocraticMachineinChicagoprovidesincentivesintheformof

（

）.

4.ObamamovedtoChicagobecause

（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,Americanurbancolonialismistheresultof（

）.

问题1选项

A.whitevoter'sminorityruleintheRepublicanparty

B.theinfluxofEuropeanimmigrants

C.themigratorynatureofAmericans

D.ghettoizationbyAfrican-Americans

问题2选项

A.powerismoreimportantthanpeople

B.whiteAmericansareessentiallyracist

C.theCivilWarwasfoughtfornothing

D.slavetradedeterminedthefateofethnicminoritiesinAmericancities

问题3选项

A.segregationofminorities

B.highunemployment,singlemotherhood,andcrime

C.federalbenefitprograms

D.negrowards

问题4选项

A.theblacksubmachinealreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine

B.Chicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics

C.theGreatMigrationofdirectedAfrican-AmericansfromtheSouthtotheNorth

D.ChicagoisthemostsegregatedcityinAmerica

问题5选项

A.theghettoizationofAfrican-AmericanpeopleinAmericancities

B.thesegregationofminorities

C.thepoliticalclientelismoftheblacksubmachine

D.westernimperialcolonialisminAfrica

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由文中“ThesecitiesdidnotlosewhitesbecauseAfrican-Americansmovedin.Rather,itismoreaccuratetosaythatAmericansareahighlymigratorygroup...这些城市没有因为非洲裔美国人的迁入而失去了美国白人。更准确地不如说美国人是一个高度迀移的群体······”可知C选项“美国人迁移的本性”正确。

第2题:2.推理判断题。由文中“ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.开发被城市民主党人作为一种操纵居民且让自己掌权的方式来宣传。”可知A项“权力比人民更重要”正确。

第3题:3.推理判断题。由文中“·...itisoverwhelminglyclearthatthesegreatpocketsofurbanpovertywerecreatedandmaintainedbythatonepoliticalparty...非常明显的是这些巨大的城市贫困区是由那一个政党造成并保持的。”和“WhatmadetheblacksubmachineofChicagopossiblewasthatChicagoalreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine.ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.让芝加哥黑人子机构成为可能的是芝加哥已有一个民主党机构。开发被城市民主党人作为一种操纵居民且让自己掌权的方式来宣传。”的对应可推知A项“对少数民族进行种族隔离”正确。

第4题:4.推理判断题。由文中“TheirpoliticalrepresentativeswereAfrican-American,andtheywereexpectedtodelivervotestotheDemocraticParty.MostAmericansdon’tknowthatChicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics.他们（即芝加哥黑人）的政治代表是非洲裔美国人，他们被期待去将自己的选票投给民主党。大多数美国人不知晓芝加哥是黑人政治中心。”可知B选项“芝加哥是黑人政治的中心”正确。

第5题:5.推理判断题。题目询问“美国城市殖民主义是······的结果”。由文中“Noonedoubtsthatthissegregationwasdoneintentionally.Butit’simportanttorealizethatthissegregationwasnotcreatedbytheracistattitudesoftheresidentsofChicago(Chicagoneverhadslaves)butbytherulingpoliticalelite.没有人怀疑这种种族隔离（即‘Americanurbancolonies美国城市殖民地’现象）被有意地进行，但是认识到它不是由芝加哥（其从未有过奴隶）居民的种族主义态度而是由执政的政治精英造成的却很重要。”可知B项“对少数民族的种族隔离”正确。

13.单选题

Despitethefactthatthetwocouncilmembersbelongedtodifferentpoliticalparties,they______theissueofhowtofinancethetowndebt.

问题1选项

A.attested

B.reportedon

C.disdainfor

D.consentto

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词及词组辨析。A项attest“证明，证实”，B项reporton“报告，汇报，就……作报告”，C项disdainfor“蔑视，鄙视”，D项consentto“同意，答应”。由despite可知，前后句子为转折关系，前半句的意思是“尽管这两名委员会成员属于不同的政党”，那么可以推测they______theissue的意思应该是“但是他们都同意这个事情”，D项符合。句意：尽管这两名委员会成员属于不同的政党，但他们同意如何为城镇债务融资的问题。因此，该题选择D项。

14.单选题/