2017年北京高考英语试题及答案

20207年北京高考英语试题第二部份：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每题1分，共15分）21.Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.mustB.shouldC.canD.need22.—Peter,pleasesenduspostcards—Noproblem.we'llknowwhereyouhavevisited.A.butB.orC.forD.so23.Everyyear,makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever—thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?—Yes.Theyarehappywithit.DidyoucallB.HaveyoucalledC.WillyoucallD.Wereyoucallingbirdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.BecauseJanemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingshewasheading.whyB.whereC.howD.whenManyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetheirvaluabletime.A.saveB.SavingC.tosaveD.savedIfyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleyoufigureitout.A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.sinceInthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphonesyet.A.haven'tinventedB.haven'tbeeninventedC.hadn'tinventedD.hadn'tbeeninventedThenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,frombutterfliestoelephants.A.rangingB.rangeC.torangeD.rangedThelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.A.thatB.asC.whereD.whenhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytimewithhisstudents.A.tospendB.spendC.spendingD.spentaccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey'relivinglongerasresult.haveB.havehadIfthenewsafetysystemtouse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeputManypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealivingfishingindustry.atB.inC.onD.by第二节完形填空（共20小题；每题分，共30分）HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlfromManitoba,day,whenshewasfiveyearsold,shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownsawaman36outofagarbageaskedhermotherwhyhedidthatandhermothersaidthatthemanwashomelessandwasvery37.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirwithoutshelterorenoughstartedtothinkabouthowshecould38,but,ofcourse,thereisnotalotonefive-year-oldcandotosolve（解决）theproblemofhomelessness.Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman,39anoldshoppingtrolley（购物车）whichwaspiledwith40.Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmore41todohadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople42theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad,shewouldn't43asbad.HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninotherhopedto44hermessageofhopeandstartedtheLadybugFoundation,anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Shebeganto45“BigBosses"lunches,whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto46tothealsoorganizedafundraising（募捐）drivein“LadybugJars"tocollecteveryone'ssparechangeduring“MakeChange"month.Morerecently,thefoundationbegananother47calledNationalRedScarfDay-adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarvesinsupportofCanada's48andhomeless.ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled“Hannah'sPlace",somethingthatHannahisvery49of.Hannah'sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas,providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat50outdoorscanmeanthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganheractivities,shehasreceivedalotof51.Forexample,shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizingthe52ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.But53allthis,Hannahstillhasthe54lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,exceptthatshepaysregularvisitstohomelesspeople.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga55inthecan,too!36.A.JumpingB.eatingC.cryingD.waving37.A.AnnoyedB.nervousC.ashamedD.upset38.A.behaveB.manageC.helpD.work39.A.pushingB.carryingC.buyingD.holding40.A.goodsB.bottlesC.foodsD.bags41.A.excitedB.determinedC.energeticD.grateful42.A.sinceB.unlessC.althoughD.as43.A.soundB.getC.feelD.look44.A.exchangeB.leaveC.keepD.spread45.A.sellB.deliverC.hostD.pack46.A.contributeB.leadC.applyD.agree47.A.campaignB.tripC.procedureD.trial48.A.elderlyB.hungryC.lonelyD.sick49.A.awareB.afraidC.proudD.sure

50A.goingB.sleepingC.travelingD.playing51.A.praisesB.invitationsC.repliesD.appointments52.A.needsB.interestsC.dreamsD.efforts53.A.forB.throughC.besidesD.along54.A.healthyB.publicC.normalD.tough55.A.choiceB.profitC.judgementD.difference第三部份：阅读明白得（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每题2分，共30分）AItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm,Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered（颤栗）alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn'tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground,“Paris'seyerolledback,"Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency."Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.“DoesanyoneknowCPR?"CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson'schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygenthebrainisdamagingquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn'tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR,“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,"says'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevices（器械）thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris'heartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky,"Parissaynow.“Mostpeopledon'tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife".ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,"Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation."happenedtoParisonaMarchday?caughtabadcold.wasknockeddownbyaball.doesParissayshewaslucky?madeaworthyfriend.happenedtoParisonaMarchday?caughtabadcold.wasknockeddownbyaball.doesParissayshewaslucky?madeaworthyfriend.C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.shiveredterriblyduringpracticeSherecoveredfromshock.camebackonthesoftballteam.ofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?andkind.andcalm.andgenerous.andprofessional.BInspiringyoungminds!TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren'spublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWmagazine?What'sinside?Well,ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside—EroducesafreshnewtopicwithTOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandarticles,experimentsandcreativeaccessibletochildren,whocanbecomeinvolvedinthingstomake一themagazineadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy（哲学）alsoexploresphilosophyandwell一andtheywillsoondiscoverthatTOKNOWfeelsbeingtomakesureyoungreadershavemorelikeaclubthanjustamagazine.abalancedtakeonlife.Soundstoogoodtobetrue?Takealookonline—evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends.HappyBirthdayAllYear!Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.SUBSCRIBENOWAnnualSubscriptionEurope£55RestofWorld£65AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope£60RestofWorld£70RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine?Itentertainsyoungparents.B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions.D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders?A.Onlinecourses.B.Articlesonnewtopics.Lecturesonabalancedlife.D.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina?A.£55.B.£60.C.£65.D.£70.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget.A.freebirthdaypresentsB.fullrefundwithin28daysC.membershipoftheTOKNOWclubD.chancestomeettheexpertsinpersonCMeasles（麻疹）,whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine（疫苗）.Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity",whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan'tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn'twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That'sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout（决定不参加）ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption（宽免）,sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey'llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat.asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendtheoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionanti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsinformationaboutmeaslesspreadsquicklyHerdimmunityworkswellwhen.exemptionsareallowedseveralvaccinesareusedtogetherC.thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinD.newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws.Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?A.Theoveruseofvaccine.B.Thelackofmedicalcare.C.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.D.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople..Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.DHollywood'stheorythatmachineswithevil（邪恶）mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence（AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.InI960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（操纵论）,putitthisway:“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere（干与）,wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposewhichwereallydesire."Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratingthemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine."However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced（中子诱导）nuclearchainreaction.1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.runoutofhumancontrolsatisfyhuman'srealdesirescommandarmiesofkillerrobotsworkfasterthanamathematicianwithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto.A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlydoanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersbeathumansininternationalchessmatchestosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterbesecureagainstevilhumanbeingskeepmachinesfrombeingharmedavoidrobots'affectingtheworlddoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.Itwillstayforadecade.第二节（共5小题；每题2分，共10分）Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.71.Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.72.Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing（增强）connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons（神申经元）inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestofromthenextday.73.Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74.Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight'ssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation-ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecometeamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.75“Youkeepwhatmatters,"Tononisays.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.Ti'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,"saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.第四部份：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路能够选择：“长江之行”或“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：1•你建议的线路；你的理由；你的祝愿。注意：1.词数很多于50；2•开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请依照以下四幅图的前后顺序，写一篇英