习语的翻译课件

习语的翻译习语就其广义而言，包括成语、俗语、谚语、歇后语等。任何一种语言的习语、引语都与使用该语言的民族的历史、经济、文化、风俗习惯、价值观念、地理位置等密切相关。因此，习语、引语有明显的民族特色，是人民群众智慧的结晶，是经过长期使用而提炼出来的妙语名言。习语、引语准确、快速、流利的互译可以简明、生动、形象、有力地表达说话人的思想、观点和情感，增强语言的魅力和表达效果。习语、引语的翻译主要靠译员两种语言的扎实功底，包括对两种语言的词汇、文学、文化背景知识的丰富积累和口译技巧的熟练掌握。习语的翻译主要有三种方法：直译、直译与转换相结合和意译法。

英语习语的汉译

stonyheart/haveaheartofstone铁石心肠plainsailing一帆风顺inblackandwhite白纸黑字fleshandblood亲骨肉；亲人asfirmasarock坚如磐石tobeledbythenose被牵着鼻子走toshowone'scards摊牌tobearmedtotheteeth武装到牙齿\全副武装

toturnadeafearto…充耳不闻topickbonesfromanegg鸡蛋里面挑骨头Factsspeaklouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母Honestyisthebestpolicy.诚实是上策Childrenandfoolstellthetruth.童愚吐真言Evilisrewardedwithevil.恶有恶报Contentishappiness.知足者常乐Knowyourownfaultsbeforeblamingothersfortheirs.欲责他人，应先知己过；欲正人，先正己。汉语习语的英译

一心一意withoneheartandonemind沧海一滴adropintheocean轻如鸿毛aslightasafeather实事求是toseektruthfromfacts一见如故tofeellikeoldfriendsatthefirstmeeting同甘共苦toshareeachother'sjoysandhardships掩耳盗铃toplugone'searswhilestealingabell知识就是力量。Knowledgeispower.一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴。Aninchoftimeisworthaninchofgold，butaninchofgoldcannotpurchaseaninchoftime.一回生，两回熟。Firstmeeting,strangers;secondmeeting,oldfriends.一年之计在于春。Thewholeyear'sworkdependsonagoodstartinspring.一鸟在手远胜两鸟在林。Abirdinhandisworthtwointhebush.兔子尾巴——长不了。Likearabbittail-----itcannotgrowanylonger-----itwon'tlastlong.搬起石头砸自己的脚——自作自受toliftarockonlytodropitonone'sownfeet-----tosufferfromwhatonehasdone鳄鱼掉眼泪——假慈悲crocodilesheddingtears------pretendingtobebenevolentasblindasabat有眼无珠astimidasahare胆小如鼠onpinsandneedles如坐针毡aspoorasachurchmouse一贫如洗tokilltwobirdswithonestone一箭双雕towakeupasleepingdog打草惊蛇tobeatthedogbeforethelion杀鸡给猴看Lockthedoorafterthehorseisstolen.亡羊补牢。3.意译

还有一类习语，在结构和字面意思上，英汉两种语言似乎无相近之处。其确切的意思有时难以捉摸。遇到这一类习语，译员要根据交谈双方的话题、意图及谈话的背景和上下文意思等因素，充分理解所用习语的含义，采用意译、意译加注和其它变通方法，最重要的是译出话语的真正含义。同时，尽可能的保留原语的民族和地方色彩。不要按字面意思死译，以免造成歧义。

onone'stoes机灵onceinabluemoon极难得；千载难逢toseeeyetoeye与(某人)看法一致straightfromtheshoulder直截了当totakesomethingwithagrainofsalt对某事半信半疑或不全信toputallone'seggsinonebasket孤注一掷;冒险toteachone'sgrandmothertosucheggs班门弄斧；好为人师toputthecartbeforethehorse本末倒置tomisstheboat坐失良机toburnthecandleatbothends过分耗费精力topokeone'snoseinto…探听;干涉toplayforone'sownhand为自己的利益而做topullwooloverone'seyes蒙蔽某人tocallaspadeaspade实话实说,直言不讳Birdsofafeatureflocktogether.物以类聚,人以群分Loveme;lovemydog.爱吾及犬；爱屋及乌Romewasnotbuiltinaday.罗马不是一天建成的;伟业非一日可成;冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。Halftheworldknowsnothowtheotherhalflives.富人不知穷人苦;饱汉不知饿汉饥。有些汉语习语、俗语、歇后语有强烈而浓厚的民族色彩，意译不能确切表达原意。必须采用意译加注，说明必要的历史文化背景，才能很好传达原意。卧薪尝胆tosleeponbrushwoodandtastegall-----toundergoself-imposedhardshipssoastostrengthenone’sresolvetowipeoutanationalhumility；toendurehardshipstoaccomplishsomeambition望子成龙

tohopeone’schildwillbecomesomebodyinthefuture；tohopeone’schildwillhaveabrightfuture;toholdhighhopesforone’schild不到长城非好汉。

HewhofailstoreachtheGreatWallisnotatruehero；notstopuntilone’saimisobtained八仙过海，各显神通。

TheEightImmortalscrossingthesea-----eachshowshis/herspecialprowess(inthelegend,theyweredescribedasfairieswithdifferentmagicarts)；LiketheEightImmortalssoaringtheocean,eachofyoushouldshowyourtrueworth.打破砂锅——问（纹）到底breakinganearthenwarepot-----(lit)-crackedtothebottom；(pun)interrogatethoroughly；togettothebottomofamatter英语引语Knowledgeislikethespringwaterunderground---thedeeperyoudig,thecleareristhewater.知识好像地下的泉水，掘得越深越清澈。Wastenot,wantnot.旧的不去，新的不来。Carveyournameonheartsbutnotonmarbles.把你的名字刻在人们的心上，而不是大理石上。Timeismoney;trustisgold.时间是金钱，信用是金子。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.时光如逝水，岁月不待人。Richesaregottenwithpain,keptwithcare,andlostwithgrief.财富得之不易，存之忧虑，失之悲痛。汉语引语己所不欲，勿施于人。Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnothavethemdotoyou.知己知彼，百战不殆。Knowtheenemyandknowyourself,andyoucanfightahundredbattleswithnodangerofdefeat.贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。Heisnottobesubduedbyforcenotswervedbypoverty.国家兴亡，匹夫有责。Thefortuneofacountrydependsonthepeopleinit.识实务者为俊杰。Amanwhoknowswherehisinterestlieswillsucceed.前事不忘，后事之师。Repentwhatispast；avoidwhatistocome兼听则明，偏听则暗。Listentobothsidesandyouwillbeenlightened；heedonlyonesideandyouwillbebenighted.若要人不知，除非己莫为。Ifyoudon’twantpeopletoknowaboutit,don’tdoit.悬崖勒马犹未晚，船到江心补漏迟。It’sjustintimetoreininatthebrinkoftheprecipice,butit’stoolatetomendtheshipsleakinthemiddleoftheriver.“人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛”。为人民利益而死，重于泰山。Thoughdeathbefallsallmenalike,itmayweightierthanMountTaiorlighterthanafeather.TodieforthepeopleisweightierthanMountTai.Exerciseheartandsoultomakeabigfussaboutupsanddownstofishinthetroubledwatertobiteoffmorethanonecanchewtogetonone'shighhorsetoshutone'seyesagainst…tocryupwineandsellvinegartokickdowntheladdertohavea(good)headonone'sshoulder走马观花坐山观虎斗水中捞月廉洁奉公光明正大倒行逆施画饼充饥拔苗助长借花献佛坐收渔人之利熟能生巧不到黄河心不死。宁为鸡首，不为牛后

黄金有价，知识无价。血浓于水，疏不间亲。天下无难事，只怕有心人。路遥知马力，日久见人心。竹篮打水——一场空黄鼠狼给鸡拜年——没安好心三个臭皮匠,赛过诸葛亮。棺材上画老虎——吓死人Answerheartandsoultomakeabigfussaboutupsanddownstofishinthetroubledwatertobiteoffmorethanonecanchewtogetonone'shighhorsetoshutone'seyesagainst…tocryupwineandsellvinegartokickdowntheladdertohavea(good)headonone'sshoulder全心全意大做文章盛衰；沉浮；挫折浑水摸鱼贪多嚼不烂；自不量力骄傲自大；盛气凌人视而不见挂羊头,买狗肉过河拆桥有见识;有能力走马观花坐山观虎斗水中捞月廉洁奉公光明正大倒行逆施画饼充饥拔苗助长借花献佛

tolookattheflowerswhileridingonhorsebacktositonthehillandwatchtigersfighttocatchthemooninthewatertobehonestinperformingone’sofficialduties；tohaveintegrityandalwaysworkintheinterestofthepublictobejustandhonorable,openandaboveboardtogoagainstthetrendofthetimestodrawacaketosatisfyone'shungertotrytohelpthericeshootsgrowbypullingthemupwardtopresentBuddhawithborrowedflowers------toborrowsomethingtomakeagiftofit坐收渔人之利熟能生巧不到黄河心不死宁为鸡首，不为牛后

黄金有价，知识无价。血浓于水，疏不间亲。toreapadvantagesfrombothsideswithoutliftingafinger；toprofitfromothers’conflictPracticemakesperfect.nottostopuntiloner