46中规院综合交通枢纽区域功能拓展研究总报告中标

26 1 110 6-4B区概念 3PRACTICESONTRANSPORTATIONHUBAREADEVELOPMENT1 1-2ResearchontheDevelopmentofAirportsandTheirSurroundingAreas TIONOFTHERAINBOWHUB RAINBOWMULTI-MODELTRANSPORTATIONHUB CHAPTER5INDUSTRIALORIENTATION:INDUSTRIALARRANGEMENTANDSCALEYSISOFRAINBOWHUB CHAPTER6CONCEPTIONALLAYOUT:THESPATIALALLOCATIONOFRAINBOW AsfortheRainbowHubArea,it entireregionandinthecity.thecity.ValueofNodeandFunctionalValueofCityairportgrowrapidly. 1理论前沿：寻求节点交通价值与城市功能价值的交通枢纽价值可以从节点交通价值（transportvalueofnode） Thevalueoftransporthubcanbeunderstoodfromtwoaspectsoftransportvalueofnodeandfunc-favorableforteraldevelopmentofthecity.airportconstructionrulesAirport,withtheoneasthepriirportinthecitywhilethesecondonewastheearliestcommer- notforregularuse,andtwoterminals(Northand机场及周边地区发展

portwasplished,theernmentordereditsnationalairlinetomovefromOrlytoRoissy-Chailes-flightsconnectedtointernationalflightsfromHaneda.Sincethen,Hanedahas focusesondomesticbusiness.5机场，因此戴高乐机场自1974年正式投入使用以来，一直发展缓慢，未能达到法国受到限制，对周边环境的影响也很大。因此投巨资在20米深的海水中人工填出一个岛吐量1688万，仅比关西机场少250万人，世界第60，是第4大机场。6Korea,Japan,aswellasChinaand.EmploymenttoPassengerVolume)7空客源中，产生客源约占2/3，长三角等外地到虹桥枢纽转乘的客源约为 8AirportCityandAerotropolis:NewTheoriesandPracticesofIndus-trialGrowthinAirportArea Allthechangesimplythattheairportisnow merelyanairport.thecorrespondingairports.ernmentisscattered.HelsinkiairportgetsapieceoflandintheThemainfunctionsofanairportcityincludeshop

parisonof6EuropeanAirports

awayfromtheairport).Therearemoreparticipantsandtheindustriescenteringontheairport flourishing.Thescholarsnamethephenomenonaviationcity,airportcity, Figure:SketapofAerotropolis).asanewdowntownareawiththewidelyrecognizedsuccessfulairportSchipholinAmsterdam.Schipholisonly14kmawaycarolumeofthesameyearwas1.49 的，围绕机场的产业布局开始蓬勃发航空商务集群（mercecluster）、

销中心都位于机场附近。在机场空港都市区包括Amsterdam机场、

reaches55,000.Airportisastandardairportcityandisnow 案例一：阿姆斯特丹的史基浦（Schiphol）处理中心、商务园、商业中心、餐馆和休闲中心、酒店和信息产业等。在空港周围的各国企业已经超过1100家，他们主要来自下面八个行业：（IT）、航空航天、汽车、科技、电原因有二：一是各级与市场力量相结 为此，以史基浦机场为设立了“阿姆斯特丹空港地区”（AmsterdamAirport荷兰航空公司（KLM）、阿姆斯特丹港务局以及几家本地和国际地产物业开发商案例二:达拉斯－伍兹堡（Dallas-Ft.Worth）国际园，吸引了约2000个左右的高科技公司，包括AbbottLabs，AT&T，，HP等，另 ageandofficecomplex.Thetotallandareaofthebusinesszoneintheeastisabout10hectaresdedicatedthenorthisthecoreareaforairportcitywithatotallandareaofabout57hectaresandisnamedSkyCity,theairporttothePearlRiverDeltaAernationalbusiness(tradeandfinancialcenter,officeand Onits anotherhalfforeigners.StudyofHighSpeedRailStationandSurrounding案例四：仁川（Incheon）机场的翼之城（wingedcity）高速铁路站点及其周边% 1982andthenfollowedbyGermany(ICE),Spain,Italy,andBelgium.Atpresent,thetotallengthofhigh111 表欧盟国 Citiesnotas 310 15HST-RailwayStationsasDynamicNodesinUrbanNetworks11,itisaprsubmittedtotheConferenceofLandUtilizationandTransportationPlanninginChineseCitiesanizedbytheStateMinistryofConstructioninBeijinginJune2006.资料来源：ANYSISOFTHEEFFECTOFMIGRATIONANDTRAFFICFLOWINJAPAN

5《HST-RaiwayStationsas 利用与交通规划”会议的提交。 thetraveltime entirecityorregion.speedrailwaystations.AccessibilitytoHighSpeedRailwayStationOptionalareafortopgradethespecialfunctionsofspecialthespecialregion 可达性和连接程度提高，形成地理学理论中所谓

theregionalgrowthare:(1)alargeamountoftraditionalmanufacturingareas;(2)ingofthepopu-37ConditionsforSuccessfulDevelopmentofHubAreaandStateSpatialPolicy StationinAmsterdamSpeedTrain

高高 图：位于城市中心的高速铁路站点周边地区的主要开发功能PlanningtheintegrationoftheHigh-SpeedTrain》37ImportantConditionsforSuccessfulDevelopmentofHub

枢纽地区开发成功的条件与国家的空间政策站场选址类型与虹桥枢纽的特征

世贸中心站史基辅机场站SpeedTrain》 andMassyareas.5SpatialPlanningReport

Amsterdamislocatedin setupin1990s,Amsterdam-Zuidwill tionalmanufacturingindustries.serviceindustryofLillegrowsrapidly. CHARLESDEGAULLE机场站主要以戴高乐机场及空港城的建设为4）VALD’EUROPE（Marne-La-Vallee）新城建设，形成重要的产业集聚区（5）MASSY站主要位于欧里机场（ORLYAIRPORT）和圣冈代（St.Quentin-en-部重要的产业集聚区。SpeedTrain》

中心车站（Centralstation）和南部世贸中心站（Zuid/史基浦国际机场的联系。根据90年代的发展规划，developmentofthenewtown esmaturegradually.thedevelopmentofsurroundingareas townofthecity9.gionalRailwayandTransferStation

mentplansetupbytheernment.niaHigh-SpeedRailway: makingdecisiononthedevelopmentofthe

图1-16荷兰北部以及阿姆斯特丹地区可达性示workforthehubareaandwithpublicpolicysupportinitsdevelopment,thevaluegrowthrateofthelandsurroundingthestationswillbeabout20%.ceptasthenationaldevelopmentstrategy positionofthesehubareas.的政治者，曾经里尔以及NordPasdeCalais地区议会的的法国HubAposedofseveraltypesofparksinatotalof20kmperipheralarea.TheparksincludeBusinessPark,andacountry.小结：对虹桥枢纽地区发展的 dustrialorientationoftheRainbowHubtothedevelocountries.industrytransfersresult.onofthemanufacturalandserviceindustrieshigherones 经济全球化发展趋势与规律scopeinordertopursuitthemostprofits. HuNingHighSpeedIndustrialZoneofChina.omyboastoftheGreatLakes-PennsylvaniaIndustrialDistrictinthenortheasternAmerica,PearlRiverDeltaofChina,andtheearlySingapore.creasingly,sothealong-aviationeconomywill tzeRiverDeltawiththegoalofjoiningtheWorldUrbanAreas.omyinthetzeRiverDelta 长三角产业发展问题与策略大纽约区、五大湖区和大洛杉矶区的三大城市群的GDP要占的67%。大东京区GDPofwholeChina. petivitieshasnotformedyet.andwesternChinaobviously.developmentsinthisarea.velopedcountriesandareas. 自主研发能力，在技术和前沿产业上形成自己的绝对优势。

46mainyearsshowedthatthecomparativerankoftheallcitieshavenotchangedalot.,Buttheincreasingdivideandcooperate.thetzeRiverDeltaArea thesoutheasternAsiancountriesandareas(fourlittledragonofAsia),thesecondturnwaswhensuchasoil,chemical,textileetctothePearlRiverDeltaArea,thethirdturnwaswhenstatusintheindustryvaluechaininthepropertime.zationinthewholearea.thebottleneckoflandresourcescompelthetzeRiverDeltaAreatoacceleratetheindus-trialupgrade （资料来源：市统计年鉴

并行，劳动与资本、技术密集型产业转移并dropped9.6%and1.5%respectivelyinprovinceinthe intheprimarydevelopmentalstage.Inrecentyears,withthenationallandpolicies thealong-aviationarea

zhouXiaoshan,NanjingLukouandNingbo,someotherregionalAirportssuchasWuxi,Changzhouetc.Airportrankthefourthwithlessthan5million.airportbelowo.1million.thepassengerthroughputs,freightthroughputandflighttimesin2001and2005showthattheincreaseofferredindustriesandboostingtheregionalindustrialupgrades,andtheywill aroundtheairportsinthetzeRiverDeltaareawillethenewfocus.ThegoalandtrendofindustrialdevelopmentsinShanghaiMuvelopmentboosts旅客吞0浦 旅客吞吐货邮吞吐浦 虹桥杭宁 无 常货邮吞吐旅客吞吐量（人次（旅客吞0浦 旅客吞吐货邮吞吐浦 虹桥杭宁 无 常货邮吞吐旅客吞吐量（人次（ 均超过虹桥机场。浦虹 杭宁波无常-旅客吞吐量货邮吞吐量起落架次增长eachother turalindustriesindustrydropped paredwiththoseof2002.2ndindustrygraduallyand 市产业发展目标及趋势进市的产业升级，进而增强其对区 tionserviceinperiodof2001-2005. dustriesinshanghaiMunicipalitykeptrising. 18.6%上升到2002年的52.9%；二产逐步下降，由1978年的77.4%下降到2005年的01975198019851990199520002005年 三二01975198019851990199520002005年 三二一1975198019851990199520002005年重工轻工%%第三产业增长速度逐步放缓，增长倍数超过3的行业依次为信息咨询业、广播电视 atingspeed.thedoortoconnectthecitieswiththeregionsandbridgeheadforthetzeRiverDeltatogarrison Secondly,theRainbowHubAreawillalso RiverDelta.FortzeRiverDelta,RainbowAreawilleanimportantdoorfortheregionstowindowforthecitytoopentotheregions,thenabridgeheadandstartingplacefortheurbanindustriestomarchintotzeRiverDelta.TheopportunitiesofindustrialdevelopmentsinRainbowHub,,,虹桥枢纽地区的产业发Chapter3SpatialStructure:AStudyofRegionalDevelop-mentPotentialsofRainbowMulti-modelTransportationHubFromCityNetworktoKeyNodes:TheMomentumforSpatialStructureDevelopmentoftzeRiverDeltaCorridoroftheCity:GrowthPhaseforEnhanced 从城市网络到关键性节点：长三角区域空间结构发展的动力源small-sizedcitiesintheDelta.CityNetwork:ASuperiorFormofRegionwillgraduallytakingshinthisregion:AreaforIndustryTransfer:anareatothenorth,includeNantong,Hai’anandYancheng,whichwillKeyNodes:MomentumforSustainablerolesintheoveralldevelopmentoftheregion.洋、购物者”。２００５年，全市实现商品市场成交额３８９亿元，其国小商品城成交额达２８９亿元，被联合国、世界银行、摩根士丹利等机构誉为全球最大的专业市场。merchandisemarketinYiwuhasalready ieswillsometimes geographicposition,islikelyto way.Togivemoreexamples,AmsterdamandZuidaofNetherlandshavealso spatialplanningofthecountry.spatialdevelopmentstrategy.andindustrialdevelopmentopportunity,isquiikelyto tureDevelopment 66waslaterreducedto9.lationtrendsinrecentyears.takeninformof“concentriccircle”aroundthecorearea,onlythattheconcentriccircleis moreevenlydistributed. 从国际到国内：空间结构发展的多重属

城中心城规模人口控制在650万

地600平方公

城城闵行等7 为10－30万

Putong(eastofHuangpuRiver).ThedevelopmentofPudonghas high,andwhichhave ment,lackingoftheguidanceofmicro-strategyoftheShanghaiernment.ThechangeofpopulationPuxitoPudong,andthencomebacktoPuxi.choicebutdeveloptothewest.since1990,Pudongdevelopment,asanationalstrategy,hasfacilitatedthecityto tionofthecentralcityhasmovedtoPudong.regardtoShanghai’sspatialstructure.从浦西到浦东：之后的国内腹地的疏 provetheprosperityofmodernserviceindus-withonly6.6%to reaching216yuan/m2/month.CentralBusinessDistrict(CBD) enterprisesinShanghai.viceenterprises. 区位选 gretedwithR&D,egrateitssuburbdevelopment.tionalmarketanddomesticmarket.（1）Lookforthe3rdPolarbetweentheCoreandthebetweenthecoreandtheperipherycannot

ofPuxiandPudong.The“Corridor”theoryfromabroadisjustoneexpressionofthe3rd如何把握中心与、浦西与浦alsobetweenJiadignandSongjaing,andismostfitfulto citiesinthewest.spatiallayout.aimof“totheDeltaandfortheDelta”.opmentofSRMTHshould ethekeyfortheweststrategy.PositionofShanghaiMetropolislisesCircle.100万的城市，以强化新城的，目前也基本按照这个思路，规划嘉 coverthewholeJiaxingCity.haiMetropolisesCircleinrecentyearshasbasicallyally3circles:thecorecircleisthecentralcityareaofthe3rdcircleconsistedofmajortownshipsinSuzhou,WuxiandJiaxing.

从城市边缘到结构重心：大都市圈与虹桥枢纽的地从近年来大都市圈整体空间发展结构来看，基本上形成了明显的圈层格局。大都市圈分为三个圈层，圈层为外环线的青浦、嘉定、松江、浦东、宝山、临港新

大都市圈的产业空间：双“U”型布“U”型结构主要以重化工业为主，包括东部沿海重化工业（宝山——外高桥—专业部门也将有一定的。Chapter4 gionalBusinessDistrict（RBD）thetrafficfunction.newlyrisingIndustrialpasswaywithaformof“U”inurbanShanghaiareas.Sothedevelopmentsoftheysis,whi servingthe 虹桥枢纽巨大的发展机虹桥枢纽的功能定位：区域性的商务地区（RBDRegionalBusinessDistrict）虹桥枢纽（空港-高铁枢纽）的空间影响范围high-speedtrain）wayareawillsh.fromtheinternationalpractices.dustrialupgradesoftheGreatRainbowArea.第一，虹桥枢纽地区：是虹桥枢纽直接影响的地区，包含两个区，A区为地mentandscaleysisofrainbowhubdevelopmentscaleofRainbowHub.mentneedofnewindustry.(peripheralradiationzone).Currentsituationofindustrial（2）BSection(adjacenttothehub 产业发展现状A区（紧邻枢纽区theairharborfocusonChangningDistrictmainly.Developmentorientationandlocationofkeyandmagneticsuspensionrailway,Rainbowareawill elargestrailwayhubinthetzeRiverRiverDelta.PassengerPassengerthroughput(10,000 重点产业发展定位及区 planninganddesignetc.turingindustriesintheeventhroughoutthedemonstrationareacenter,R&Dinstitute,tersofmiddleandandfinanceware),logistic,industrial45sqkmofplanninglandand4.20millionsqmoffunctionalblocks,ie.headquartereconomy,ecologiclandscandmorethan6000muofplanning 390millionsqmofBasedonPudongNa-bases,i.e.JinqiaoModernProductiveServiceGardenbuildingarea;4 Software logisticcenterinNorthSuburbandindustrialcineandfinanceback-strationbase,Jinqiao LujiazhuiInformationITservicehighlandinthewestofShanghai. 企业总部入 研发、BPO（含业）、现代物流、工业设备与济、第服务、滨江生态化、生活配套服务四大功能块 流服务示范建设 radiationranges. 0

2004年长三角重点城市商务服法人单位 法人单位

主营业务收入（亿元0

sonalentitiesofbusinessserviceamongkeytzeRiverDelta.Itsdevelopmentscalegoesevidentthatratinggapiswide.InShanghai,whencomparedwithin2004

whicharereflectedasfollows:asoldairport,Rainbowhaslesscommercialenvironmentthan

2004年长三角重点城市商务服务

主营业务收入（亿元

0

杭 苏 宁

0

应，仅有的几家或公司服务对象的范围也很小，市场的开放性较差。logistic:RainbowAirportarea,completesupportingNo.1placeinthewholeLowflourish;weaknamebrand;pooropeningofservicemarketaimingatairportmodernbusinessconsulting;legalservice,ie.EnglishandChinese);airportaffairsmercialactivities;airport“Shanghaimetropolishaiandhasabout150kmShuzhou,Wuxi,Nantong,Jiaxing,HuzhouandetcFarawayfromdowntowncost;manyprofessionalserviceagencies,furiousconsultingandrealestateconsultingetc;exhibitionShanghai;ernment’sSmall-scaleprofessionalcompetition;lowmarketAccordingtoindustrialTransportationlocationfeature;WestLakeFairsuccessfullyheldinpastadvantageandconstantlyment;relativelycompleteexampledecision-makingRiverDeltaframework);developeddanttourismresources;—8SessionCtionmechanism——atshortinrecentthreeyears.share“Expos”resources;mostoftourismresourceRiverDeltaConvenientlocationandtransportation;developedingfacilities;shortageofexampledecision-makinginthetzeRivervidesadvertingdevelopmentwithhugemarketspace. 超大的人流物流：虹桥机场“超级市场开放性 项指标为首位嘉兴、湖州等市件。西博会的成功举办；旅游资源优势第八届C财长会议；亚洲资本论合作，打旅游资源的品牌坛；第二世界遗产大会服务于本地（本市）企业的商务服务设施，较少利用对通设施。RainbowEconomic&TechnologicalDevelopmentZoneinChangningDistrict– 0

杭 苏 宁

ShanghaiincludePudongAirportLogisticZoneandNorthwestIntegratedLogisticCenterRiverDeltain2004

企企业数(个营业收入（亿元0杭州 苏 宁 服务业、仓储业、邮政业

borZoneunderplanning.0

20

Pacificregion. Fair/exhibitionindustrydevelopmenttendencyinShanghai ExhibitionCenterandEastAsia

仓储面积（万平方米

要以客运为主，因此在A区（紧邻枢纽外高桥物流中 浦东空港物流中 西北综合物流中

海海0

展 展

2上 30

设成为乃至环太平洋地区著名的国 internationalautomobileexhibitionzonethatfocusesonauto ferenceCenteretc.downtownareatoitsairharborarea.banareaalsoranksNo.1place. gionalmarketssimultaneously.tailtrade.tradebasedonmarketorientation.

theyareaccessibletoregionalmarket.Shanghai’scommercialdevelopmentsituationin2005 tobesuitableforinitialstart-up.

世界知名品牌具有巨大的吸引立足西名立

thatprovidenarrowservicescopeandservelocalmarketmostly.AmericanDreamworldFairyland;TropicalStormWaterFairyland;(underplanning希尔西OceanFairylandcircusCityTheThreeKingdomsCity;PeopleFairyland;PearlSpringHuimingcarnival;moviebasedrenParkAmusementParkhaiEthnologicCultureVillage ShanghaiGlobalFairyland WaterFairyland MovieFairylandTropicalStorm 梦幻乐园；乐园；锦江乐园；热带风暴水上琦世界；影视乐园；马戏展规划，布置在枢纽辐射区 leisure,tourismandvacationindustriesetc;asaresult,to Ingeneral,itismendedthatnoprocessingandmanufacturingindustriesarearrangedintrialzonetoupgrade.区市市市枢纽辐射区，以带动新城和产业 Industrialarrangementandlowingtable.logisticandpassengerservice.

isequippedwithperfectresidenceandeducationfunctionsetc.centerandR&Dcenteretc.产业空间布局及产业A区（紧邻枢纽区配套产业。产业包括会议运营业、展览运营业、展馆运营业等；延伸产业包括策划

includingentertainment,sport,tourismandshowetc.

PurposeintheRainbowHubAreaisappliedinthecalculation.Rainbowareashallbeabout0.4million.（1）PredictionontheLandAreaforHigh-EndService√√虹桥枢纽地区就业人口与产业用地规模

whichSreferstothelandareausedformodernservicesectorat sizeofmodernservicesectorofRainbowat ofthelandat accordingtoteraldevelopmentofShanghaiduringthe11th-Five-Year-Plan,modernservicesquaremeters.shallbeabout15squarekilometers.

HubAreadistrictofShanghai,sothespatialstructureofwholeRainbowAreashouldbeyzedatbeforeshowfromthecomparisonofpopulationtransfers,averageGDP.industrialdevelopmentsinthisarealack.circumstancebasic.

大虹桥地区的0

942209894220982413233129311615811424浦东徐汇区长宁区普陀区闵行区松江区嘉定区青浦区金山区南汇区宝山区奉贤 bowDevelopmentDistrict.RainbowDevelopmentArea）cessingareas.velopmentstructureinthewholeregion. 定、安亭为的汽车及其零部件为主的制造业集群环

regionalindustrial.calenvironments.Thepatternstructure:3functionalareas,3developmenttheformerdevelopmentbackbonefromwesttoeasthaschangeditsdirectionintofromsouthtonorth,asimportantbasicofallocations.

withlowdensity.ThespatialpatternofRainbowHubtionallevelinthisarea.tivecapabilitysourceadvantages.increaseofexploitationcosts.southandnorth虹桥枢纽地区的空间 velopmentArea.shouldtakethatofBusinessPark. CBD Exploitationscale virescencecircumstanceComparativelynice,lowvirescencerate

Dominantgoalofser- thatthescalesofthedomesticairportcitiesarealmostallbeyondthecriterionofforeignones.Forexam-scalesforregionaluses.Thistimeofresearchtookthewayoflandconsumption/per

portantpartofurbanfreewaynet.按照BusinessPark的空间类型来加以发展。

netshould TheintroductionofdevelopmentmodeofTODwillstrengthentheeffectsofleadinganddrivingofdevelopmentareas.

tantoftradesregionalparking.

Theconceptionallayoutof“AFunctionalExtensionDistrict.ashareof40%oftheADistrict.manifesttheeffectingrelationswiththedirectionoffromeasttowest.inhabitationdistrictswithtotalareaof9squarekilometers.

A区概念空公机、修及他助功。虑公里的基础上，进一步拓展机场作业区的用地规（

图6-11A区布局结构示意 prehensiveestablishmentsshare3millionsquarekilometerstheofficialarea2.19million,thehos,parkinglotsandretailservice0.19million.Theaverageplotratioisaboutmillionsquaremeters.

素，最终确定A区（不含枢纽设施部分用地）的平均容积率应以0.5为宜，总量开发规模 21

t toeast.thejunctionarea.qingRoadetc.Thereare5maintracklinesinthe“ADistrict”including10th,17th,5th,2ndand20thline.Thissys- 占A

doornode,andthenitisnecessarytostrengthenthenodeidentitiesoftheareasontheeasternandwest-Theconceptionallayoutofthe“Btotallandareaofabout5squarekilometers.ThedirectionoffromsouthtonorthwillextendthefunctionsalongtheaxisofLianyouB区概念axesthroughtheinnerroadsystemsandtracksystem.Itwilloccupyapieceoflandwithanareaofabout10squarekilometers. RoadandA9Road.westernarea.

ZhuguangRoadSightAxes.ofRainbowIntegratedTransportationHubetc.ofrainbowHub.mentmodelisadominatedone.However,whentheernmentdevelopslandlargescale,twoaspectstaskduetolimitedfinanceresource.Publicfinancinginsociety mentprocessandundertakesallrisksonlanddevelopmentinvestment.fromtheernment,thendevelopstheland.Thelanddevelopermustpaylanddevelopmentexpensesforthelandandbuylanddevelopmentright. 开发模式、机制和部（3）与私人机构的合作伙伴机制（PPP：PublicPrivate fund.Thisanizationhasauthorityofcertainlevelernmentonplanninganddevelopment,panyshalltransfertheprojectownershiptotheernment.areasinChina 1）发展公司（Development所建项目的所和管理、经营职能。特许期结束后，项目公司将项目所交给。

coordinationfunction.gratedTransportationHubRegion.PudongNewAreawasdevelopednotaccordingtothemodelof“ernmentinvesting,develop-ing,overallmanagement”fromthebeginning,butaccordingtoPudongNewAreaernment-devel-visedinmacrowaybyernment.modelcanguaranteethatthePudongNewAreacanbedevelopedfast. ionHubareaspecifiedintheplanofthisproject.具体实施世博会运营业务。（）出资30亿元，市城图7-1世博会组织框 纽项目的正式推进。申虹投资发展成立于2006年7月，该公司全面负责虹桥项目目前采取的开发模式应该属于与私人机构的合作伙伴机制（PPP），具体而言 Expo(Group)Co.,.(settingupRealEstateCompanyan