年高三定语从句复习-精讲版课件

高三定语从句复习theAttributiveClause在复句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。需要学习和掌握的定语从句有以下三种：①由关系代词或关系副词引导的定语从句。②由介词+which引导的定语从句。③非限制性定语从句。定从关键是如何选择关系词。关系词在从句中作状语就使用关系副词否则使用关系代词定语从句复习定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句①ThisisthefilmwhichIsawlastnight.③ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic.④ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy.

②Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm.⑤JackandLucyaretheheroandtheheroinewholovedeachotherverymuchinthefilm.Thisisthefilm

whichIsawlastnight.Thisisthefilm

whosenameisTitanic.Themanandthewoman

whomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy.Herearetwopictures

thataretakenfromthefilm.JackandLucyaretheheroandtheheroine

wholovedeachotherverymuchinthefilm.theAttributiveClause①ThisisthefilmwhichIsawlastnight.③ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic④ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy

②Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm.⑤JackandLucyaretheheroandtheheroinewholovedeachotherverymuchinthefilm.theAttributiveClausewho指人，作主语whom指人，作宾语whose指物或人，作定语that指物，作主语which指物，作宾语指人指物主语宾语that

whichwhowhom关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√××××关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略基础知识回顾:关系词及其意义指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who,whom,that,aswhich,that,aswhosewherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词归纳总结做题技巧?先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分relativesusedforusedaswhichthingsubject（主语）

object（宾语）thatthingpersonwhopersonwhompersonobject（宾语）whoseperson/thingattribute（定语）Fillintheblankswith:

who,whom,whose,which,thatAclockisamachine______________tellspeoplethetime.that/whichAnurseisaperson_________looksaftersickpeople.who/thatHeistheman_______________Imetintheparkyesterday.(whom/who/that)Theman________legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.whoseMorePractice

Lookatthepictureandcombineeachpairofsentencesusing

that,which,who,whom,whose

Theboyisholdingadog.

Hehasgoldenhair.Theboyisholdingadog.

Hishairisgolden.TheboyisJim.

Theboyisholdingadog.Theboywhohasgoldenhairisholdingadog.Theboywhosehairisgoldenisholdingadog.TheboywhoisholdingadogisJim.Themanisshoutingforhelp.

Hishouseisonfire.

ThemanisMrBlack.

Heisshoutingforhelp.Themanwhosehouseisonfireisshoutingforhelp.ThemanwhoisshoutingforhelpisMrBlack.Thegirlisbeingtakentoahospital.Herlegwasbrokenintheearthquake.Thegirlwhoselegwasbrokenintheearthquakeisbeing

takentoahospital.AnotherPracticeMakeattributiveclausestocompletethesentences,usingthegivenwords.1.ZhangHengistheman

____________________________________.2.Seismographisamachine____________________________________.can/tell/where/anearthquake/willhappenwhichcantellwhereanearthquakewillhappenmake/theearlist/seismograph/in132whomadetheearliestseismographin132

4.HowardCarteristheman______________________________

6.KingTutwastheperson_____________________________________found/KingTut’stombwhofoundKingTut’stomb

Tomb/wasfound/HowardCarterwhose

tombwasfoundbyHowardCarter3.Titanicistheship

aterribledisasterhappenedto.1.Thisistheship____nameisTitanic.2.Titanicistheship

sankafterhittinganicebergin1894.whosethat/which4.Titanicistheshipto

aterribledisasterhappened.介词后不能用thatthat/whichwhich

关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性

定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能

用

whom

指人，which指物,不能用that；但如

果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：温馨提示：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句Doyouknowtheboy(that/who/whom)

Iwastalkingto?

2.Thepen(which/that)Iwas

writingwithsuddenlybroke.

DoyouknowtheboytowhomIwastalking?ThepenwithwhichIwaswritingsuddenlybroke.介词的选用原则根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭

配来决定。如：①ThisisthecameraonwhichIspent6

yuan.②ThisisthecameraforwhichIpaid6yuan.

spendmoneyonsth.为固定搭配paymoneyforsth.为固定搭配2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：①IrememberthedayonwhichIcametothetowerofivory.②IrememberthedaysduringwhichIworkedhere.③IrememberthemonthinwhichIstayedhere.强调在具体某一天要用介词on强调在某几天时间内要用介词during在month前介词要用in3)根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。

Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?4)根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。

CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’mnotsure？

3.Isthisthelibrary_________youborrowbooks?4.Canyoulendmethebook________youtalkedlastnight?5.Doyoufindthepen_________Iwrotejustnow?6.Heisthekindofboy________fewpeoplewillgiveasecondlook.7.Ifinishreadingthebook________LuXundescribedhischildhood.fromwhichaboutwhichwithwhichFillintheblankswith“prep.+which/whom”

atwhominwhich⑴含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。如：①Thisisthemoney(which/that)Iam

lookingfor.

这是我正在找的Money。

ThisisthemoneyforwhichIamlooking.注意：√×②Thesweetheart(whom/who/that)Peterislookingafterisveryhealthy.Peter照看的小甜心很健康。

ThesweetheartafterwhomPeterislookingisveryhealthy.√×1.

Doyoulikethebook_________shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook________shepaid$10?onwhichUseproperprepositionsandrelativepronounstofillintheblanks.forwhichPractice3.Doyoulikethebook__________shelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebook___________sheoftentalks?5.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.fromwhichaboutwhichofwhich6.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatlying.7.Thisisthebook_____Iamlookingfor.towhomwhich⑵以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：

Theway

(that/inwhich)

heperformedinthefilmwasfunny.Idon’tliketheway

(that/inwhich)

youlaughather.

我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。⑶“介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：①Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhom

areverykindtohim.

②Onthehandcarttherearequitemanywatermelons,someofwhich(=ofwhichsome)havegonebad.

在板车上有许多西瓜，有些都已经坏了。③Therearesixty-onestudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom(=ofwhommost)arefromneighboringdistrict.

我们班有61个学生，其中大多数来自附近的地方。④Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,

threeofwhich(=ofwhichthree)areaboutcountrylife.

迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。1.Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,______fivearemine.

（04全国IV）A.onwhich B.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich高考链接2.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.

（04广西）

A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich

Theattributiveclauseintroducedbywhen,whereandwhy.关系副词引导的定语从句

—Look!Whatdayisittoday?—TodayisOctober,1stwhenpeoplegettogethertocelebrateourNationalDay!Whereisit?Itisthebasketballcourt.Itisaplacewherewecanplaybasketballindoors.定语从句中关系副词的使用1.定语从句中关系副词有：

when,where,why2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。

when作时间状语；where作地点状语；why作原因状语。如：Herememberthedaywhenhiswifeabandonedhimandranawaywithanotherman.

IwentbacktotheplacewhereIwasbornandgrewup.Pleasegivemethereasonwhyyouwerelatethistime.when作时间状语，意为onthedaywhere作地点状语，意为intheplacewhy作原因状语，意为forthereason关系副词和先行词的关系Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.

Idon’tliketheway

thatyouspeak.

ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=whyintheway=that关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词

注意：并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when,where,why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。如：

Weoftenthinkofthedayswhichwespenttogetherintheuniversity.which在定语从句中作宾语比较:

Weoftenthinkofthedayswhenwestudiedtogetherintheuniversity.when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于onthedays。Webelievethereasonthathetoldus.比较:Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.另外：关系副词when,where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。when相当于“at/in/during…+which”where相当于“in/at/on…+which”why相当于“for+which”

如：Isthisthedaywhen/onwhichIvisitedthemuseum?Pleaseputtheloveletteronthedeskwhere/onwhichshecaneasilyfindit.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tacceptmylove.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIboughtmycellphone.句中when相当于onwhichwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。如：Detailedexplanationwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。如：ThisisthebedroomwherePeterlives.句中where相当于inwhichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。如：Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate?Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.思考是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?1.Thepainting(________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.2.Thestory(___________Iheard)wastoldlonglongago.atwhichaboutwhich3.Thepen(__________)hewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.4.Kunmingisabeautifulplace(_____________)flowersareseenalltheyearround.5.Eightyearsago,Iwenttovisitthehouse(_____________)FengYuxiangusedtolive.withwhichwhere/inwhichwhere/inwhich6.Iwillneverforgottheday(_____________)IfirstmetherontheInternet.结论：只有当“介词+关系代词”充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。onwhich/when注意：关系副词与关系代词在定语从句中的关系：“介词+关系代词”在从句中作状语相当于一个关系副词。如：老爸工作的那家工厂是一家玩具厂。这个句子有以下三种表达方式：Thefactorythat/whichmyfatherworksinisatoyone.Thefactoryinwhichmyfatherworksisatoyone.Thefactorywheremyfatherworksisatoyone.他将永远记住来到象牙塔的那天。1 .Hewillforeverrememberthedayonwhichhecametohistowerofivory..2.Hewillforeverrememberthedaywhenhecametohistowerofivory.1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.

when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which几种易混的情况Vt.Vt.Vt.1.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,____hasagreateffectonmylife.(上海)A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who高考链接2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.

(NMET)A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when

3.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.(NMET)A.until B.thatC.when D.where4.Isthisthereason____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?(上海)A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained5.Therewas____time_____Ihatedtogotoschool.(湖北)A.a,thatB.a,whenC.the,thatD.the,when6.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,______wasveryreasonable.(上海)A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhoseThecountywhereIliveisbeautiful.Beijing,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MsZhang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.Pleasecompare:形式作用翻译限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句插入成分修饰限定补充解释能不能….的能否省略Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClauseTeacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MsZhang,

whoiskind,

ispopularwiththestudents.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不确，所以不能省略非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.

Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×that1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.whichas引导的非限制性定语从句Theearthisround._____isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_______isknowntoall._____

isknowntoall,theearthisround____isknowntoall

that

theearthisround.Itwhich/as

AsItas

具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as

youknow/

as

yousee/asweplanned/as

weexpected注：定语从句在句首时只能用asas引导的限制性定语从句(1)Thisisthesamepenas

Ilost.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.Pleasecompare:这支笔和我丢的那支一模一样。这支笔就是我丢的那支。as引导的限制性定语从句(2)Thisis

suchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisis

so

interestingabook_____wealllike.Thisis

such

aninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisis

so

interestingabook____wealllike

it.asthatPleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)Complexsentence复合句：由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。复合句=主句+定语从句一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句）另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（定语）Thestudents

(who

donotstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.主句主语从句主语从句谓语结构主句谓语结构在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。Attributiveclause:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语)Attributiveclause:限制性定语从句

restrictive非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。Iwastheonlyperson

whowasinvitedinmyofficeJenny,withwhomIplayedtableTennisyesterday,livesinmynextroom.Theman

whocamehereyesterday

hascomeagain.ThatisMs.Ding,whosedaughterteachesEnglishatexperimentalprimaryschool.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.考点与难点归纳1.关系词的选择2.that与which3.对theway的考查4.介词+关系词5.as的使用6.对where的考查7.综合考查考点难点考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).when____JurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).___________where1958wastheyear_____(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).__________Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).________whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud)._________whenDoyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）___________where2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._______whereinwhichThehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.whichthat/______Luckilynoneofthepeople_____(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.whowhomthat/_____Myfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout)._______________inwhichwhen____3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday________(newChina

wasfounded).whenThewindow(______wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.WhichthatThemeeting(______willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.Whichthat考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词考点二：that和which的选择(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。

①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：

a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.②

先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.考点二：that和which的选择③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被它们修饰时。Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame,theright等修饰时。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤

当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools

（that）hehadvisited.⑥先行词是疑问词who,which,what

时，定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导。考点二：that和which的选择Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?⑦

当关系代词在从句中作表语时：Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.

⑧当主句以here,there开头时。Hereisthehotelthatyou’vebeenlookingfor.Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillnottaken.1)Doyouhaveanything______youdon’tunderstand?2)Theonlything_____wecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.3)Whoistheman_____isstandingthere?4)Herbag,in________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.5)Sheheardaterriblenoise，______broughtherheartintohermouth.thatthatthatwhichwhich考点二：that与which做题技巧?填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填缺状语缺宾语考点三：theway用做先行词theway做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语:缺少主语或宾语:引导词用that/which/不填(缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺:引导词用that/inwhich/不填考点三：theway用做先行词3.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.（湖北）

A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich高考题链接：考点四：介词+关系词1.Doyouknowtheboy______yourmotheristalking?2.Istillremembertheday_______IfirstgottoParis.3.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.towhomwithwhichonwhichThisisthechildwho/

whom/thatIwilllookafter.5.译：这是我要照顾的小孩。4.Hegavemesomenovels___________

Iamnotveryfamiliarwith.which/that/不填考点四：介词+关系词7.(浙江)Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst______Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which做题技巧?定语从句句首为介词时,后可接的关系词为:介词+whom/which/whose6.Irecognizedthebossin

companymysisterwasworking.

whose3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.Aswhich难点一：as的用法as\that\which1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.asthat归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,thesame,so,as修饰，即构成such…as,thesame…as,so…as,结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。as与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用

as,意为“正如、恰如”。难点一：as的用法做题技巧?当主句中出现such或so时,看后面从句是否缺主语或宾语:(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as(2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用that当主句中出现thesame时,后面从句缺主语或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配表同一个事物模拟训练：1.Heissuchalazyman_____nobodywantstoworkwith______.A.as;himB.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him2.Mrs.Blacktookthepolicebackto____place____shewitnessedtherobbery.A.thesame;asB.thesame;whereC.thesame;thatD.asthesame;as1.I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析:如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”,在定语从句中作状语。1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（山东）

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.---Doyouhaveanyth