高中英语被动语态讲解及练习

.z.高中英语被动语态讲解一、被动语态的构成形式

1.被动语态的根本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时

例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchthee*hibits.2〕has/havebeendone现在完成时

例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.

3〕am/is/arebeingdone现在进展时

例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．

4〕was/weredone一般过去时

例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.

5〕hadbeendone过去完成时

例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.

6〕was/werebeingdone过去进展时

例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.

7〕shall/willbedone/begoingtobedone/beabouttobedone/betobetodone一般将来时

例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.

8〕should/wouldbedone/was\weregoingtobedone/was\wereabouttobedone/was\weretobetodone一般将来时

例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.

9〕shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时〔少用〕

例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.

10〕should/wouldhavebeendone过去将来完成时〔少用〕

例Hetoldmethathisnewclotheswouldhavebeenmadeverysoon.2.被动语态的特殊构造形式

1)带情态动词的被动构造。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.

2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动构造时，可以把主动构造中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保存在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.

3)当"动词+宾语+宾语补足语〞构造变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动构造中的主语，其余不动。

例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.

4〕在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动构造中不定式to要省略，但变为被动构造时，要加to。

例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.

5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如"动词＋介词〞，"动词＋副词〞等，也可以用于被动构造，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.

3.非谓语动词的被动语态

v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。

例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.

二、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示"据说〞或"相信〞的动词如believe,consider,e*pect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型"It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句〞或"主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.〞。有：

Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…众所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat…据建议。

例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationale*am.〔＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationale*am.〕

三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.

注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比拟：Thedoorwon'tlock．〔指门本身有毛病〕

Thedoorwon'tbelocked．〔指不会有人来锁门,指"门没有锁〞是人的原因〕

2.表示"发生、进展〞的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Howdothenewspaperscomeout"这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表构造中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.

四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

在*些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

1．在need，want，require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing〔toberepaired〕．这房子需要修理。

2．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．〔＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．〕

3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)

试比拟：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted"(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语说明you不是post动作的执行者。)

4.在*些"形容词＋不定式〞做表语或宾语补足语的构造中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.〔可看作toworkout省略了forme〕.

5．在too…to…构造中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

例Thisbookistooe*pensive(forme)tobuy.

6.在therebe…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。

例Thereisnotimetolose〔tobelost〕．〔用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，谁losttime不明确。〕

7.在betodo构造中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,以下动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire"

五、介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。

1."under+名词〞构造，表示"*事在进展中〞。常见的有：undercontrol〔受控制〕,undertreatment〔在治疗中〕,underrepair〔在修理中〕,underdiscussion〔在讨论中〕,underconstruction〔在施工中〕。

例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).

2．"beyond+名词〞构造，"出乎……胜过……、范围、限度〞。常见的有：beyondbelief(令人难以置信)，beyondone’sreach〔鞭长莫及〕，beyondone’scontrol〔无法控制〕，beyondourhope．我们的成功始料不及。

例Therumourisbeyondbelief〔=can’tbebelieved〕．

3."above+名词〞构造,表示"(品质、行为、能力等)超过……、高于……〞。

例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．

4．"for+名词〞构造，表示"适于……、为着……〞。如：forsale(出售),forrent〔出租〕等。

例Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).

5．"in+名词〞构造，表示"在……过程中或范围内〞常见的有：inprint〔在印刷中〕，insight(在视野范围内)，等。

例Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)

6．"on+名词〞构造,表示"在从事……中〞。常见的有：onsale(出售)，onshow〔展出〕,ontrial〔受审〕。

例Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).

7．"outof+名词〞构造；表示"超出……之外"，常见的有：outofcontrol(控制不了)，outofsight〔超出视线之外〕，outofone’sreach(够不着),outoffashion(不流行)等。

例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled)．。

8．"within+名词〞构造，"在……、不超过……〞。

例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission．

六、被动语态与系表构造的区别

当"be+过去分词〞作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表构造时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分方法如下：

1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表构造。

例Theglassisbroken．〔系表构造〕

Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．〔被动语态〕

2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。

例Thedoorislocked．〔系表构造〕

Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．〔被动语态〕

3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表构造中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。

例Themachineisbeingrepaired．

七、被动语态与高考试题赏析

1．高考对谓语动词语态的考察例析

1).Insomepartsoftheworld,tea___withmilkandsugar.(NMET1993)

A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served

解析B因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

2).ThisisTed’sphone.Wemisshimalot.He___tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.(NMET2002)

A.killedB.iskilled

C.waskilledD.waskilling

解析CTed是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

3).Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse"

Notyet,therooms_____.(NMET1991)A.arebeingpaintedB.arepainting

C.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting

解析A"house〞和"paint〞应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进展时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。

4).Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.〔上海春2003〕

A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecided

C.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided

解析Ddecide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。

5).Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets___.〔上海春2001〕

A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbooked

C.werebookedD.havebeenbooked

解析B句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在enteredtheoffice这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。

2．高考对非谓语动词语态的考察

当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时,须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。

1).Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___whethertheywillenjoyit.(NMET2002)

A.toseeB.tobeseen

C.seeingD.seen

解析B根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即"到国外旅行〞这件事，这件事有待于"被决定〞，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。

2).Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.〔上海1996〕

A.topersuadedB.persuading

C.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded

解析Ccan’thelpdoing"禁不住做*事〞，排除A和D；顾客应是"被劝说〞购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。

3〕.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho___forthespoiledchild.〔上海2002〕

A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblame

C.istobeblamedD.shouldblame

解析Afeel的宾语从句为强调句型，在betodo构造中，在*些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如toblame，tolet等。

【强化训练】

1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A．arenotkept；willhaveto

B．arenotkept；have

C．donotkeep；willhaveto

D．donotkeep；haveto

2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.

A.developed

B.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdeveloped

D.willhavebeendeveloped

3.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．

Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetold

C．I'mtoldD．Itold

4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompletedB.completes

C.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted

5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.

A.cutB.arecut

C.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut

6.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesigned

B.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesigned

D.wouldbedesigned

7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaksB.hasbroken

C.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken

8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetup

D.weretakenplace;weresetup

9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.

A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost

10.Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.

What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for"

A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuilt

C.isbuiltD.isbuilding

11.Doyoulikethematerial"

Yes,it___verysoft.

A.isfeelingB.felt

C.feelsD.isfelt

12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．

A．writeB．towrite

C．tobewrittenD．written

13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．

A．totypeB．typing

C．tobetypedD．typed

14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.

A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedout

C.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout

15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.

A.beputupB.givein

C.beturnedonD.goout

16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.

A.belongsB.arebelongedto

C.belongstoD.belongto

17.Whatdoyouthinkofthebook"

Oh,e*cellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.

A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread

18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaught

C.beingcaughtD.tocatch

19.Thispageneeded___again.

A.beingcheckedB.checked

C.tocheckD.tobechecked

20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodothee*ercises

A.HavingtaughtB.Havingbeentaught

C.taughtD.Teaching

key1--5ACADC6--10BCBDA

11--15CBCAD16--20DCCDB被动语态根底练习选择题1.Ourhouse_____,

A.isgettingpaintB.isgettingpaintedC.isgotpaintedD.hasgottopaint

2.HearrivedinBeijing,wherehe_____hisfriend.

A.wasmetbyB.wasmetC.wasmeetingD.metby

3.Thewar_____in1937

A.wasbrokenoutB.hadbeenbrokenoutC.hasbrokenoutD.brokeout

4.Themistakesinthee*erciseswill_____theteacher.

A.crossB.becrossingC.becrossedbyD.crossby

5.MybrotherandIhave__________herbirthdayparty.

A.beeninvitedB.beeninvitedforC.invitedtoD.beeninvitedto

6.It_______thisway

A.ishadtodoB.ishadtobedoneC.hadtobedoneD.hastodo

7.It__thisway.

AusedtodoB.usedtobedoneC.isusedtodoD.isusedtodoing

8._____Chaplin.

A.Thechild'snamewascalledB.Thechild'snamecalls

C.ThechildcallsD.Thechildisnamed

9.Thesportsmeeting____.

A.isputoffB.istoputoffC.istobeputoffD.putsoff

10.Maryrealizedshe_________

A.wasmakingfunofB.wasmadefun

C.wasbeingmadefunofD.wasbeingmadefun

11.______tosayathinginthatway

A.ItisconsiderswrongB.Itisconsideredwrong

C.Itisconsideredit'swrongD.Itisconsiedringwrong

12.Heorderedthatthebooks_______atonce.

A.wouldbeprintedB.wouldprintC.beprintedD.print

13.Thestory______inChinA.

A.wastakenplaceB.washappenedC.tookplaceD.hasbeentakenplace

14.Thehouse_____myparents

A.isbelongtoB.belongtoC.belongstoD.isbelongedto

15.He_______byhisteacher.

A.happenedtoseeB.washappenedtosee

C.happenedtobeseenD.washappenedtobeseen

16.Greatchanges_____inourprovince.Manytallbuildings.

A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace,havebeensetup

C.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup

D.weretakenplace,weresetup

17.Thehall's____butit'snotyet____withlamps.

A.furnished,finishedB.beenfinished,beenfurnished

C.beingfinished,beingfurnishedD.setup,full

18.Thenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown._____fromhere"

A.CanitseeB.CanitbeseenC.CanitseenD.Cansee

19.Assoonaswegottotheairport,wefoundthattheplane_____.

A.hadalreadytakenoffB.alreadytookoff

C.wasalreadytakingoffD.wasalreadytakenoff

20.Someofthehotelsinmyhometown_________.

A.havenowbeenrebuildingB.arenowrebuilding

C.arenowbeingrebuiltD.arerebuiltnow

21.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A.arenotkept；willhavetoB.arenotkept；have

C.donotkeep；willhavetoD.donotkeep；haveto

22.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.

A.developedB.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped

23.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I'mtoldD.Itold

24.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted

25.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfrom

theearthinthenearfuture.

A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut

26.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned

27.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken

28.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup

29.Th