动词的种基本形式市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

动词五种基本形式动词五种基本形式为：动词原形，第三人称单数，现在分词，过去式，过去分词。如：speak--speaks—speaking—spoke–spoken第1页第三人称单数改变规则a.普通情况在动词原形后加s在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。如：①stop－stops[s];make－makes[s]②read－reads[z];play－plays[z]b.以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾动词后加es发音为[iz]如：teach－teaches[iz];watch－watches[iz]c.以辅音字母加y结尾动词，先将y变成i，再加es读[iz]如：fly－flies[z]；carry－carries[z]study－studies[z];worry－worriesd.以元音字母加y结尾动词后加splay---plays第2页e.以“o”结尾动词，加“es”，读[z]如：go－goes[z]do－does[z]下面几个动词变为单数时，原词元音部分发音发生了较大改变，请注意记忆。如：1、do[du:]－does[dz]2、say[sei]－says[sez]以不发音字母“e”结尾开音节词，假如尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音，与所加“s”一起读做[iz]。如：close－closes[iz]be动词包含：am，is，are。第三人称单数用is；过去式为was；复数用are，过去式为were.第3页现在分词改变规则a.在动词后加ingwork----workingsleep-----sleepingstudy-----studyingb.以不发音e结尾动词，去e再加ingtake-----takingmake-----makingdance-----dancingc.以重读闭音节结尾词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加ingcut-----cuttingput-----puttingbegin------beginningd.少数几个以ie结尾动词要变ie为y，再加inglie-----lyingtie-----tyingdie-----dying第4页规则动词过去式改变以下：1、普通情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：work---workedplay---playedwanted----wantedact----acted2、以不发音-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：live---livedmove----movedtaste---tastedhope---hoped3、以辅音字母+y结尾动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：study---studiedcopy---copiedcry---criedcarry---carried第5页4、以一个辅音字母结尾重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop---stopped5、不规则动词过去式改变规律性不强，须多加记忆。go–wentmake–madeget–gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew不规则动词过去式组成1．把动词原形中i改为a，变成过去式。如：begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam2．把重读开音节中i改为o，变成过去式。如：drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote3．改动词原形中aw／ow为ew，变成过去式。如：draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed）第6页4．动词原形中e改为o，变成过去式。如：get—got，forget—forgot5．动词原形中ee改为e，变成过去式。如：feed—fed，meet—met6．动词原形中eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept7．动词原形中eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：break—broke，speak—spoke8．动词原形中ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sell—sold，tell—told9．动词原形中an改为oo，变成过去式。如：stand—stood，understand—understood第7页10．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔:t〕过去式。如：bring—brought，buy—bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught11．以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕情态动词过去式。如：can—could，shall—should，will—would12．把动词原形中o改为a，变成过去式。如：come—came，become—became13．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，而且发生音变。如：hear〔hi〕—heard〔h:d〕，say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕，mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕14．动词过去式与动词原形一样。如：let—let，must—must，put—put，read—read〔red〕第8页15．不符合上述规律动词过去式。如：am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have／has—had，hold—held，leave—left，make—made，may—might，run—ran，see—saw，take—took过去式“-ed”发音规则（1）动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/id/音，want→wanted（要）need→needed（需要）（2）动词词尾为清辅音时，发/t/音。help→helped（帮助）laugh→laughed（笑）look→looked（看）kiss→kissed（吻）wash→washed（洗）watch→watched（注视）（3）动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/d/音。call→called（叫）stay→stayed（停留）cry→cried（哭）第9页过去分词改变规则动词原形加edworked,played,wanted,actedb.以辅音字母加y结尾动词，先将y变i，再加edstudiedtriedcopiedjustifiedcriedcarriedembodiedemptiedc.以e结尾动词，直接加dlivedmoveddecideddeclinedhopedjudgedraisedwipedd.以重读闭音节结尾词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加ed.stoppedbeggedfretteddraggeddroppedplanneddotteddripped第10页

注:不规则动词过去式改变规律性不强，须多加记忆。go-wentmake-madeget-gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew第11页动词过去式,过去分词不规则改变AB型cancouldshallshouldwillwouldmaymightAAA型costcostcostcutcutcuthithithithurthurthurtletletletmustmustmustputputputsetsetsetshutshutshutreadreadread第12页AAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型becomebecamebecomecomecamecomerunranrun第13页ABB型bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthoughtcatchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaughtbuildbuiltbuiltlendlentlentsendsentsentspendspentspentdigdugdug

hanghunghungfeelfeltfeltkeepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptsweepsweptsweptleaveleftleftsmellsmeltsmeltspillspiltspiltlaylaidlaidpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaidsellsoldsoldtelltoldtoldsitsatsatspitspatspatstandstoodstoodunderstandunderstoodunderstoodlearnlearntlearntmeanmeantmeantspoilspoiltspoiltshineshoneshonewinwonwonhavehadhadmakemademadehearheardheardfindfoundfoundholdheldheld第14页ABC型beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunkringrangrungsingsangsungsinksanksunkswimswamswumblowblewblownflyflewflowngrowgrewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrowndrawdrewdrawnshowshowedshownbreakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosenforgetforgotforgottenfreezefrozefrozenspeakspokespokenwakewokewokendrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallengivegavegivenhidehidhiddenrideroderiddenriseroserisentaketooktakenmistakemistookmistakenwritewrotewrittenam,iswasbeenarewerebeendodiddonegowentgone