译林牛津高中英语模块五必修M5 U2单词精讲系列

Module5Unit2'Environmentn.环境'〜aladj.环境的，与环境有关的'〜〜lyadv.环境上，与环境有关地'〜〜istn.环境保护论者，环境论者e.g.Sheisnotusedtothenewenvironment.她对新环境不习惯。Wearerequiredbyenvironmentprotectingdepartmenttouse'anthracite.环保部门要求我们使用无烟煤。Acorridorofundevelopedland,asalongariverorbetweenurbancenters,thatisreservedforre/creat/ion/aluseorenvironmentalpreservationRurdlremote绿色走廊沿河或在两个城市中心区之间的由未开发土地形成的走廊，为市民休闲娱乐或环境保护而保留。Ontheissueofindustrialpollution,theenvironmentalactivistpleadwiththegovernmentnottosoft-pedal.自然环境保护活动分子请求政府不要对工业污染问题采取低调态度。Thisbreedofenvironmentalistopposeseverything这帮环境保护论者反对一切。broodreserven.保护区，保留，储备；矜持vt.保留，保存，预订preserve[pri'z:v]v.保存，保留，维护n.蜜饯，禁猎区preservationn.保护；保存conserve[kn's:v]vt.保护，保藏，保存conservationn.保护自然资源；保存，防止流失，守恒conversation],konv'seifn]n.谈话，交谈versen.诗歌4.savev.救，节省，保存E.g.l.AsIrequiremoneyquicklyImustdrawonmyreserve.由于我急于用钱，我必须取出存款。Pleaserewerveaseatforme.请为我预定一个座位。bookHestillreservedhisopiniononsomepoints.在一些问题上，他仍然保留自己的意见。2.Saltandspiceshelptopreservemeat.盐和调味品有助於保藏肉类。Itriedtopreservemyindependence.我试图保持自己的独立性。Thepaintingswereinanexcellentstateofpreservation.这些画保存的非常好。Partialandtemporarysacrifice(non-preservation)isincurredforthesakeofgeneralandpermanentpreservation.部分的暂时的牺牲(不保存)，为了全体的永久的保存。(为了…起见，看在…的份上)3.IfImayreferbacktotheproblemwediscussed,Ithinkweshallstressontheconserv3.IfImayreferbacktotheproblemwediscussed,Ithinkweshallstressontheconservournaturalresources.请允许我重提我们刚才讨论过的问题，我想我们应该强调保存我们的自然资源。WhodiscoveredtheconserveaiioWhodiscoveredtheconserveaiionofenergy?谁发现了能量守恒?Mostpeoplehavecometoaccepttheneedforconservationofnaturalresources.大多数人已认识到保护自然资源的必要。4.Saveyourstrengthforthehardworkyou'llhavetodolater.留著点儿劲儿，你一会儿还得干重活儿呢。Alltheguestshavegonesaveone.除了一个人外，所有客人都走了。Childrenshouldlearntosave.孩子们应学会储蓄。HisFrenchhascomeonalotsincehejoinedtheconversationclass.他自从参加了会话班，法语取得了很大进步。Pre'sent[prizent]vt.赠(送)呈现TV~ern.电视节目主持人['preznt]a.出席的；现在的n.现在；礼物e.g.Fallinginterestratespresentthefirmwithanewproblem.利息一下降给公司带来了一个新的问题。Hewouldnotbeelectedonpresentform.鉴於他的现时表现，他不可能当选。Hasthebuilderpresentedhisbillyet?营造商把帐单送来了吗？Howmanypeoplewerepresentatthemeeting/conference?至U会的有多少人?beabsentfromI'mnotatallsatisfiedwiththepresentsituation.我对目前的情况一点都不满意。Thereisnotimelikethepresent.机不可失，时不再来。赠送，呈献[(+to/with)]Theypresentedhimwithabunchofflowers.他们献给他一束鲜花。supply/provide/offer引起(问题),造成(困难)[(+to/with)]Allthispresentednewsafetyproblems.所有这些都造成了新的安全问题。提出，提交，呈递[(+to)]Some300paperswerepresentedattheconference.会上提出了大约三百篇论文。呈现;描述;出示[(+to)]Hehadtopresentasmilingfacethoughheavy-hearted.虽然忧心忡忡，但他还得露出一副笑容。debaten.&vi.辩论，争辩.争论Debateon/about...withsb.debateupon...with同讨论有关，同辩论有关Topicfordebate;debatetopic辩题e.g.Afiercedebateonthetaxcutwasgoingon.一场围绕着减税的辩论正在激烈进行中。Shedebatedwhethertoaccepthisinvitation.她考虑是否接受他的邀请。Theydebatedthequestionopenly.他们公开辩论这个问题。arguevi.~withsb.aboutsth.e.g.争论，辩论;争吵[(+with/over/about)]I'mnotgoingtoarguewithyoutonight.我今晚不想与你争辩。提出理由[(+for支持/against反对)]Hearguedagainsttheplan.他据理反对这个计划。说月服persuade[(+into/outof)]Wearguedheroutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.我们说服她不要去作这样危险的旅行。industrialadj.工业的，产业的n.工业公司industrialwealth靠勤劳取得的财富industry「indostri]n.工业，产业；勤劳，勤奋E.g.l.Thestockbrokerhasplacedthemoneyinindustrialstock.证券经纪人已用那笔钱购入了工业股票。TheindustrialexpositionwillbeheldonSeptember.工业博览会将于九月召开。Theroleofhighandnew-techindustrialzonesandindustrialparkswasfullyexploited.Vigorouseffortsweremadetodevelopserviceprovidersforindustrialapplicationofhighandnewtechnologies.充分发挥高新技术产业开发区和工业园区的作用，积极发展高新技术产业化服务体系。Wedohaveanindustrialpolicy--ormoreaccurately,hundredsofindustrialpolicies.我们实际上是有工业政策的--说得更为精确一点，我们有数以百计的工业政策。Theautoindustryhasbroughtmanypeopleto'Detroit.汽车工业把许多人吸引到了底特律。Sincetheadventofa'tomicpower,therehavebeengreatchangesinindustry.自从原子动力问世以后，工业发生了巨大的变化。Thereislaudatorytitleof"smokelessindustry"and"eternalrisingindustry"intouristindustry.Thetouristindustryhasalreadystoodsidebysidewiththepe'troleumindustry,automobileindustryforthreemajorindustriesintheworld.旅游业素有“无烟产业”和“永远的朝阳产业”的美称，它已经和石油业、汽车业并列为世界三大产业。awfuladj.可怕的Poisonn.毒药，败坏道德之事，毒害vt.毒害，摧毁，中毒poisonousadj.有毒的E.g.1.Smallquantitiesofpoisonweredetectedinthedeadman'sstomach.在死者胃中找至U了少量的毒药。Areourchildrenbeingpoisonedbyleadintheatmosphere?我们的儿童是否受著空气中铅的毒害？Thechemicalcompaniesarepoisoningourriverswith'effluent.这些化学公司排出废水污染著我们的河流。2.Somesnakeshavepoisonousfangs.有些蛇长有毒牙。Antitoxinissubstancethatactsagainstapoisonoussubstanceandpreventsitfromhavingaharmfuleffect.抗毒素是抵抗有毒物质并防止其产生有害作用的物质。Pollutepollutionn.污染E.g.1.Ourstoreneversellsbookswhichpollutethemind我们书店从不出售污染心灵的书籍。2.Pollutionposesathreattothecontinuedexistenceofthisspecies.污染对这一物种的继续生存造成了威胁。Special(单复同)物种，种类layvt.产卵，下蛋：放置，摆放(同say/pay--laidlaid)lievi.说谎(~d~d)~tosb.aboutsth.todosth.lievi・躺，位于(laylain)~in・・・躺在，位于，(理由等)在于E.g.Heliedabouthisagetojointhearmy.他为了参军谎报了年龄。Manywomenlieabouttheirage.许多妇女常在自己的年龄上说谎话。Heliedhimselfoutoftrouble.他用欺骗手段摆脱了困境。Thecureforstressliesinlearningtorelax.消除紧张的方法在於学会放松。Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake.地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟。Ihavelainawakeallnightthinkingofthem.我心里想着他们，彻夜未眠。atmospheren.大气，空气；，气压；气氛，氛围e.g.Thereisanatmosphereofpeaceandcalminthecountry,quitedifferentfromtheatmosphereofabigcity.在乡间有一种和平宁静的气氛，和大城市的气氛截然不同。Thepeoplesareinafestalatmosphere.各族人民都沉浸在节日的气氛之中。Thefirst-stagevehicleisusedtolaunchtherocketandisthenjettisonedintheupperatmosphere.第一级运载火箭是用来发射火箭的，进入高层大气後即抛掉。Addvt.添（增）加；把…加起来（〜up）vi.（to）增添e.g.AddupallthemoneyIoweyou.把我应付你的钱都加在一起。Ifyouadd4to/and5,youget9.四加五等于九。Thelittlegirlhasbeguntolearntoaddandsubtract.这小女孩已在学做加减法了。Headdedsomewoodtoincreasethefire.他加了一些木柴，使火旺些。Thesnowstormaddedtoourdifficulties.暴风雪增加了我们的困难。addition力口，增加E.g.Theyeatagreatdealoffruitinaddition.他们还吃大量的水果Inadditiontoanalbum,Igavehimapenandapencil.除了一本照相簿外，我还给了他一支钢笔和一支铅笔。Thenegotiationsstruckasnagwhentheunionleadersaskedforpaidholidaysinadditiontotheusualwageincrease.当工会领袖们要求在通常的工资增加之外还应有带薪假日时，商谈遇到了阻碍。Inadditiontoadiet,shepursuesvariousexercisesonTV.节食以外她还随电视做体操。wipevt.擦，擦去wipeup;wipeclean擦干净Wipeoffdirt;wipeawaygrease擦去灰尘;抹去油脂wipein,wipeout划入划出wipethesmileoffsomeone'sface让某人笑不出来;让某人不再高兴wipethefloorwithsb.使溃败e.g.Pleasegivethetablematsaquickwipe.请把桌上的盘碗垫擦一下。Theentirepopulationwaswipedoutbytheterribledisease.所有的居民都被可怕的疾病夺去了生命。Shewipedhertearsaway.她擦掉了眼泪。You'dbetterwipethethoughtfromyourmind.你还是打消那个念头吧。Keep...inone'smindfloorn.地板，地面[C]Thefloorofthisroomismadeofwood.这个房间的地板是木头的。（楼房的）层[C]Iliveonthethirdfloor.我住在三楼。（海洋、山洞等的）底[theS]Theydroppedtheirnettotheflooroftheocean.他们把网下到海底。（议会的）议员席;（会议上的）发言权[theS]Heaskedthechairmanforthefloor.他要求主席允许他发言。（物价、工资等的）最低额;底价[C]Thegovernmenthasfixedawagefloor.政府已规定了工资的底限。openthefloor自由发言openthefloorfordiscussion开始讨论e.g.I'llopenthefloortoansweranyquestionsyoumighthave欢迎大家自由提问，我来解答。Let'sopenthefloorfordiscussiononthatone,whatdoyousay?我们打开天窗说亮话吧，怎么说？figuren.数字,算术；人物，人影[C];身材，体形[U]vi.计算（〜/workout）approachvt.&vi.接近，靠近n.方法，途径e.g.Alltheapproachestothepalacewereguardedbytroops.通往宫殿的所有道路都有部队把守。That'sthenearestapproachtoasmileheevermakes.那已算是他能做出的最近乎微笑的表示了。Thetimeisapproachingwhenwemustthinkaboutbuyinganewhouse.我们要想一想买新房子的事了，时机即将来临。Hebentlikeanoakattheapproachofastorm,likeasoldierattheapproachofana'ssault.（attack）他埋头曲项，好象暴风雨中的一株栎树，冲锋以前的一个士兵。beneficialadj.有益的，有利的，有帮助的bebeneficialtosb./sth.benefitvt.Sthbenefitsb.Sb.benefitfrom/bysth.n.beofgreatbenefittosb.getbenefitfromforthebenefitofexpandvi膨胀&vt.扩展；扩大e.g.Heisthinkingofexpandinghisbusiness.他正考虑扩展他的生意。Theyhaveexpandedmyviewonthequestion.他们已更充分地阐明了我对这个问题的观点。Waterexpandswhenitfreezes.水结冰时体积膨胀。Atireexpandswhenyoupumpairintoit.轮胎打了气就会胀大。Herfaceexpandedinasmile.她笑逐颜开。obviousadj.明显的，显而易见的It'sobviousthat....=ObviouslyIt'sclearthat....=ClearlyIt'sapparentthat....=Apparently...e.g.Itisobviousthatsheisveryclever.很明显，她挺聪明。The'embassyisanobvioustargetforterroristattacks.大使馆是恐怖分子攻击的明显目标。ambassadorsituationn.形势，情形，环境，状况；位置，地点adangeroussituation;acriticalsituation;adesperatesituation危局overallsituation;generalsituation;wholesituation大局e.g.Heisinadifficultsituation.他处境困难。underthecircumstance既然如此；在这种情形下Thehousehasabeautifulsituationonahill.房子坐落在小山上，环境优美。respondvi.回答，答复；(to)作出反应，响应e.g.Hefailedtorespondtothemedicine.他服了这药未见起色。Responsen.回答，答复；反应，响应e.g.Itisreturnedinresponsetoaget_businessdetailmessage,andoptionallyinresponsetothesavebusinessmessage.它是取得商业具体消息的响应返回，且对于保存商业消息是可选的响应返回。responsiblea.承担责任的；有责任感的；重要的e.g.Who'sresponsiblefortheterriblemess?谁应该对这种混乱负责？responsibilityn.责任，职责e.g.Thecaptainisabsolvedfromallblameandresponsibilityfortheshipwreck.那位船长被免除了因船只失事而遭致的非难和罪责。Youcan'tretreatfromtheresponsibilityinthisaffair.你不能回避在这一事件中的责任。E'conomyn.经济Eco'nomicadj.经济的，经济上的Economical[ii:k3，nomik3l]a.节约的，省俭的，经济的stableadj.稳定的keyn.答案；关键adj.关键的Effectn.结果，作用，影响e.g.Thishadagreateffectuponthefutureofbothmotherandson.这对母子俩的将来影响很大。Someancientlawsarestillineffect.有些古时的法律现在仍然有效。Theaspirinssoontookeffect.服下的阿司匹林药片很快见效了。Medicinessometimeshaveunpleasantsideeffects.药物有时具有令人不快的副作用。affectvt.影响，作用，感动affectionn.影响，情感，感情爱,慈爱;感染(疾病)；e.g.Theclimateaffectedhishealth.气候影响了他的健康。Hewasmuchaffectedbythesadnews.这个悲惨的消息使他非常难过。Heaffectednottohearme.他假装没有听见我。Pretend(not)todoreffectiveadj.有效果的e.g.Advertisingisoftenthemosteffectivemethodofpromotion.做广告往往是最有效的推销方法。efficientadj.有效率的,胜任的<e.g.Heisanefficientmanager.他是一位办事效率高的经理。Itisnotefficienttohirepoorlytrainedworkers.雇用未经严格训练的工人会妨碍工作效率。willaux.v（助动词）将；愿意n.意志；遗嘱vt.用意志驱使e.g.Theanimalsareallowedtowanderatwillinthepark.这些动物可以在公园里随意走动。Therichmanlefthissonnothinginthewill.那位富翁在遗嘱中什么都没给他儿子留下。Freewillmakesusabletochooseourwayoflife.自由的意志使我们可以选择自己的生活方式。willingadj.乐意的，自愿的be〜toe.g.Thespiritiswillingbutthefleshisweak.心有余而力不足。slightadj.轻微的，微小的，纤细的，脆弱的vt.轻视，忽略n.怠慢，轻蔑e.g.Itwasaslightoverlookonmypart.这是我的小疏忽。Hehasaslightwheezeinhischest.他呼吸时胸部发出轻微的响声。slightlyadv.些微地，稍微地e.g.Eachofthehousesisslightlydifferent.每所房子都稍有区别。Youareonlyslightlyunderweightfor（ieinrelationto）yourheight.按你的身高来说，你体重仅稍轻一点儿。Wecouldrelaxtheprocedureslightlyinyourcase.我们可以根据你的情况通融一些。staten.状态，状况，情形;州，虱adj.国家的，州的，正式的vt.说，陈述，声明，规定e.g.Shouldindustrybecontrolledbythestate?工业应该由国家控制吗？Thesuperstarlivesinstate.那个超级明星过着豪华的生活。Hisgeneralstateofhealthisfairlysatisfactory.他总的健康状况相当令人满意。ThewitnessstatedthatshehadneverseenMr.Smith.证人宣称她以前从未见过史密斯先生。statementn.声明，陈述，说法；结算单，报表e.g.Sherefusedtomakeastatementtothepoliceincasesheincriminatedherself.她拒绝向警方作陈述以免受连累。shockvt.使震惊，使震动n.震惊e.g.ItgavemequiteashocktobetoldIwasseriouslyill.听说我的病很严重，我吃了一惊。Theviolenceandbadlanguageintheprogramshockedmanyoftheviewers.节目中的暴力场面和难听的粗话使许多观众感到震惊。disappointvt.使失望；（希望等）破灭，挫败（计划等）〜ing/ede.g.I'mafraidyou'reverydisappointedwithme.恐怕你对我是非常失望的。Thisdisappointedhisplans.这件事打乱了他的计划。shamen.可耻的事（或人），羞耻，羞愧e.g.Hewasshamedbyhowmuchmoreworktheothershaddone.别人做得多得多，他感到很难为情。It'squiteshamingthatoursocietycaressolittleforthepoor.我们这个社会对穷人很不关心，是很难堪的事。Hehadnosenseofshameandneverfeltguilty.他毫无羞耻之心，而且从不觉得内疚。ashamedadj.感到惭愧的，感到害臊的e.g.Heisashamedforhisformerdishonorableaction.他对他以前不光彩的行为感到羞愧。Asforyou，yououghttobeashamedofyourself.至於你，你应该感到惭愧。Thepoorboywasashamedofhisraggedclothes.这个穷孩子为自己的破衣服感到难为情。arrestvt.&n.逮捕，拘捕e.g.Thepolicemadeseveralarrests.警察逮捕了好几个人。legaladj.法律的，合法的，法定的illegalillegallyadv.非法地e.g.Thecontractwasformulatedindifficultlegallanguage.该合同是用深奥的法律术语订立的。Youshouldgothroughthelegalformality.你应该办理合法手续。formalitiesThesaleoffirearmsissubjecttomanylegalrestrictions.出售枪支受到许多法律限制。arrivaln.到达者，到达物，到达，到来onone'sarrivalat/in...一到达....就....closelyadv.仔细地，认真地；紧密地，接近地，严密地e.g.Tasteandsmellarecloselyconnected.味觉与嗅觉是密切相关的。Sheregardedhimclosely，intently，curiously，etc.她紧紧地、目不转睛地、好奇地...注视著他。Thetworunnerscontestedtheracecloselyitwasnipandtuckalltheway.那两赛跑选手竞争激烈，赛程中一直不相上下。sourcen.源（泉），发源地；来源，出处resourcen.［pl.］资源，财力；应付办法，谋略e.g.Weshalltakefulladvantageofourrichsourceofhumanbeings.我们应充分利用丰富的人力资源。Makefull/gooduseofThisaccountprovidesyouwithareadysourceofincome.这个户头为你提供了一个现成的收入来源。He'sbeenasourceofdiscordandworry.他成为不和和烦恼的根源。E.g.IfImayreferbacktotheproblemwediscussed,Ithinkweshallstressontheconservationofournaturalresource.请允许我重提我们刚才讨论过的问题，我想我们应该强调保存我们的自然资源。Hehasnoinnerresourcesandhatesbeingalone.他没有内在的精神寄托，因而害怕孤独。Resourcesmanagementisanimportantbusinessskill.资源管理是一项重要的经营技能。limitedadj.有限的forcefullyadv.强有力地farmableadj.可耕种的，可耕作的establishvt.建立，仓U立，设立dirtn.尘土；污物〜ydecreasevt.&vi.减少n.减少stockvt.装备，储备vt.进货，采购；储存；供给vi.出新芽；进货n.存货，储备；树干；血统；股份；家畜（两个企业有两stocks，表示每一“股”时应该用share或者shareofstock来表述一个企业的全体shares是股份（stock）；adj.存货的；平凡的，惯用的；股票的；畜牧的bestockedwith...e.g.Haveyouanygrey'pull/oversinstock?你们有灰色套头毛衣的现货吗？Ournewmodelisalreadyonthestocksandwillbeavailablntheautumn.我们正著手生产一种新的款式，可望在秋季面世。_ThestoretookstockonMonday.那家商店每逢星期一进行盘点。Stocksofthecompanyarefalling.该公司的股票正在下跌。Equipequipmentn.［U］设备，器材；装备Technologyn,技术technicaladj.技术的Tech'niciann.技术人员，技师measuren.措施，方法takemeasures/steps/actiontodosth.leveln.层次，级别，水平，程度raisevt.升起，举起，饲养;引发，提出risevi.e.g.I'mgladyouraisedthatpoint.你能把那一点指出来，我感到很高兴。Iwasraisedbymyauntonafarm.我是在农场由姨妈抚养大的。It'sdifficultraisingafamilyonasmallincome.依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。Theyaregoingtoraisefundsfortheschoolbuildings.他们将为盖校舍筹集资金。Thebabywasraisedonsoya-beanmilk.这孩子是用豆浆喂养大的。RaisedoubtsNationn.国家，民族nationalnationalitynationallyadv.全国范围地internationallyadv.全世界范围地relyvi.依靠，依赖Dependvi.independentn.中立派，无党派者adj.独立自主的，不受约束的习惯用语beindependentof与…无关；不依赖；不取决于；不受…限制［制约］independencen.独立，自主Rely/dependon/upon依靠，依赖；决定于counton扌旨望concernn.关心，关注vt.涉及，影响，关心concernedadj.担忧的，关心的concerningprep.关于，涉及sofaras...is/areconcerned,asfaras...is/areconcerned,sofarasconcerns和asconcerns就…而言；至于；就e.g.Theletterischieflyconcernedwithexportcommodities.这封信主要是关于出口商品的。Heisconcernedforhersafety.他担心她的安全。Hewasveryconcernedabouther.他对她非常关心。Thisrestaurantisafamilyconcern.这家饭店是由一家人经营的。Theseproblemsconcernallofus.这些问题影响到我们每一个人。HowmuchmoneyIearnisnoneofyourconcern.我挣多少钱与你无关。Concernedparentsheldameeting.忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次会。rapidadj.迅速的，飞快的e.g.Withtherapideconomicdevelopment,China'spositionontheinternationalstageisgettingmoreandmoreimportant.随着经济迅速发展，中国在国际舞台上的地位变得愈来愈重要了。Thestudentisshowingrapidprogressinhisstudies.这个学生学习上进步很快。Therapidspreadofthediseaseisalarmingthemedicalauthorities.这种疾病的迅速蔓延使医疗当局感到忧虑不安agriculturaladj.农业的agri「氏gri]abbr.农业(=agriculture)abbr.农业的(=agricultural)pref.农业，土壤，农田(=agro)growvt.种植，vi.生长，变成，逐渐开始growthn.增长，生长healthe.g.Sheisagoodactress，butstillneedstimetogrowintothepartsheisplaying.她是个好演员，但仍需要时间去熟悉她要扮演的角色。Don'tspendsomuchmoneydoesn'tgrowontrees，youknow.别花这麽多钱不是容易挣的。Hiscoldisgrowingworse.他的感冒正在加重。Davidisgrowingabeard.戴维在蓄须。It'sthecompany'spolicytosacrificeshort-termprofitsforthesakeoflong-termgrowth.为长期发展而牺牲短期利润是公司的方针。tonn.吨(重量单位)treatvt.对待〜...As...；医治；款待n.款待；乐事e.g.Thisdelicateglassmustbetreatedwithcare.这精巧的玻璃杯处理时要小心。We'lltreatyoutodinner.我们请你吃饭。It'sagreattreatforthemtogotothethea