2023版高三一轮总复习英语外研版课时分层作业7　Food for thought

课时分层作业（七）I.阅读理解A（2021•福州市质量检测）Thenewyearalwaysbringspredictions.Youknowwhogetsthemright?BLUETOOTHInhisfuturistic1953novelFahrenheit451,RayBradburyanticipatedBluetooth,describingwirelessearphonesthatallowedfor“anelectronicoceanofsound,musicandtalks“tobetransferredthroughtheair.ImaginehowthrilledhewouldhavebeenwithaBluetoothtoaster!ThatwastheideabehindGriffin，sConnectedToaster,whichwarnedyouviayoursmartphonewhenyourtoastwasdone.At$100,thisbabycostalotofbread,whichmaybewhyitwasdiscontinuedjusttwoyearsafterbeinglaunched.SMARTWATCHTheAppleWatchletsyouchat,playgames,andwatchvideosonadevicefastenedtoyourwrist.Cool,huh?TheJetsonsthoughtso...in1962-whenSteveJobswasstillinsecondgrade!WI-FINikolaTeslacalledit!In1909,thefamouselectricalengineertoldTheNewYorkTimes,“Itwillsoonbepossibletosendwirelessmessagesallovertheworldsosimplythatanyindividualcancarryandoperatehisownequipment.nNodoubthewasthinkingoftheKerastaseHairCoachbrush,whichmeasuredbrushingspeedandemployedamicrophonetolistentoyourhair,alltocomputeanoverallhair-qualityscoresenttoyoursmartphone.（Alas,itisgonetoo.）GPSWriterArthurC.Clarke（2001：ASpaceOdyssey）sawaworldinwhichnoonegotlost.In1956,hewrotethatsatellitescouldmakepossibleaposition-findinggrid（坐标方格）wherebyanyonecouldlocatehimselfbymeansofacoupleofdialsonaninstrumentaboutthesizeofawatch.Clarkedidn，tmentionthathissystemmightalsotrackanotherperson,suchasacriminal.Lastyear,theNewYorkCitypoliceShe，dalwaysfindawaytoshowushowweshouldadmitourmistakes,takepersonalresponsibility,andresistthetemptationtoblameothers.Mymothersaiditonce.Momsareworkingfromhome.C・Shewouldgatherusforalesson.Shesighedandglancedoveratme.Rarelydidmymothertellushowtobehave.Immediately,mymompattedmydadontheshoulder.Allthisledmetowonderhowmymotherwouldhandleit.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过回忆小时候的经历讲述了母亲对自己的爱、教育和影响。B［空前讲到由于新冠肺炎疫情的影响，妈妈们这一年都过得很艰难，日托所关闭了。空后讲到妈妈们要在家教孩子、清扫卫生，所以空处应是在继续描写妈妈们的“艰难”，故B项符合语境。］E［空格后面的转折连词But说明上下文之间是转折关系。下文讲到妈妈平静而坚定地让我和妹妹们坐下，并告诉我们，我们会一直尊重他们，这说明妈妈当时在教我们应该如何去做。E项能与下文形成语意上的转折，符合语境"D［根据下文的'T11beverydisappointedifyoueverdrivelikethat”可知，此处内容是有关妈妈看到驾车人的表现后的反响，故D项“她叹了口气，瞥了我一眼”符合语境。］A［根据下文的"Irememberedwhatshesaid.”可知，空处应该与妈妈说了什么有关，故A项“妈妈曾经这样说过一次”符合语境。］F［前一句讲到电影里有暴力场景出现，后一句讲到我被带离剧院，由此可知，空处应涉及母亲看到暴力场景后是如何做的，故F项“妈妈立即拍了拍爸爸的肩膀（示意他带我离开）”，符合语境。］arrestedarobberwhowaswearingaGPSanklemonitor一becausehewasstillonprobation（缓开lj）forapriorcrime.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了过去一些人对科技方面的预测，包括蓝牙和全球定位系统等。Whichofthepredictionsistheearliest?A.BLUETOOTH.B.SMARTWATCH.C.WI-FLD.GPS.C［细节理解题。根据各种预测的内容可知，C项对应的时间为1909年，而A项对应的时间为1953年，B项为1962年，D项为1956年，应选C。］WhymightGriffin'sConnectedToasterdisappear?A.Tooexpensive.B.Outofdate.C・Alittleawkward.D.Energy-consuming.A［细节理解题。根据题干中的Griffin5sConnectedToaster定位至BLUETOOTH局部，根据该局部中的“At$100,thisbabycostalotofbread,whichmaybewhyitwasdiscontinuedjusttwoyearsafterbeinglaunched”可知，其消失的原因可能是价格太高，应选A。］WhatwasClarke，sprediction?AGPSanklemonitor.Arobber-arrestinginstrument.Awatchthatcouldseetheworld.Aninstrumentthatcouldlocateaperson.D［细节理解题。根据题干中的Clarke's定位至GPS局部，根据该局部中的“wherebyanyonecouldlocatehimselfbymeansofacoupleofdialsonaninstrumentaboutthesizeofawatch”可知，答案为D。］B（2021•济南市模拟）Theonlythingbetterthanreceivingabookisgettingonedeliveredbyahorse.CaitlinGooch,thefounderofSaddleUpandRead（SUAR）,literallysaddles（跨上马鞍）uponeofherfamily5shorsesandvisitsprimaryschools,librariesandyouthgroupstoencouragestudentstoread.Thenon-profitinWendell,NorthCarolina,alsoorganizesbookdrivesandschool-widereadingcompetitions.Alongwithherfivebrothersandsisters,Goochgrewuponafamilyfarmownedbyherfather.Althoughheworkedasausedcarsalesman,hebuiltaracetrackontheir87-acrefarm,wherehehostedraces.Goochsaidshegrewuparound80horsesandfeltblessedtohavegrownupwiththem.In2017,Gooch,whohadbeenworkingatdaycarecentersandyouthgroups,noticedthatsomeoftheyoungerchildrenstruggledtoread.Shedecidedtoworkwithalocallibrary：Anystudentwhocheckedoutmorethanthreebookswouldbeenteredintoaprizedraw.FivenameswouldbeselectedoutofthedrawandeachreceivedatriptovisitthehorsesontheGoochfamilyfarm.Itwasahit.Goochexpandedherservicesbycreatinghernonprofit,SUAR.WhenGoochsharedherorganization,sstoryonsocialmedia,itreachedover70,000likesinaweek.SheevengotashoutoutfromOprahWinfrey,afamoustalkshowhostess.She'sraisedover$20,000fromsupportersacrosstheworld."Nowthatifssortof,alleyesonme,there'sdefinitelyanopportunitytodosomethingmore,“Goochsaid.Goochisn，tjustencouragingchildrentoreadmore.She'salsoshowingthemthathorsebackriderscanlooklikeher.Online,she'softenreferredtoasthe“BlackCowgirl"Itfeelsamazingtobethatkindofrepresentation,vGoochsaid.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。CaitlinGooch创立了公益组织“马鞍上阅读”，驯■马向孩子们送书，鼓励孩子们阅读，提高阅读能力，她在网上提供了公益组织的故事后，得至I了著名脱口秀主持人OprahWinfrey的支持。WhydoesGoochdeliverbooksonhorseback?A.Todeliverbooksquickly.B・Topromotefamilybusiness.C・Togetstudentstoread.D・Toadvertiseherorganization.C［细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“whohadbeenworkingatdaycarecentersandyouthgroups,noticedthatsomeoftheyoungerchildrenstruggledtoread”可知，Gooch注意到一些年龄较小的孩子阅读很艰难，于是和当地的一家图书馆合作推出了旨在促进孩子们阅读的公益活动，故C项正确。］WhatdidGoochdotohelpkidswithreadingdifficulties?A・Holdreadingcompetitions.B・Workwiththeyouthgroups.Donatebookstoalocallibrary.Organizevisitstothefamilyfarm.D［细节理解题。根据第三段尾句"FivenameswouldbeselectedoutofthedrawandeachreceivedatriptovisitthehorsesontheGoochfamilyfarm.”可次口，获奖者可以去Gooch家的农场参观马匹，故D项正确。］WhatcanbelearnedaboutSUARfromparagraph4?Itiswellreceived.Ithasmadeabigprofit.C・Itneedsfurtherexpansion.D.ItwascriticizedbyOprah.A［推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Gooch创立了自己的非营利组织SUAR,扩大了她的服务，该组织很受欢迎，在社交平台上获得很多赞；据此可以判断，非营利组织SUAR很受欢迎，故A项正确。］WhatcanbestdescribeGooch?A.Honest.B.Inspiring.C.Brave.D.Patient.B［推理判断题。根据尾段第一、第二句"Goochisn'tjustencouragingchildrentoreadmore.She，salsoshowingthemthathorsebackriderscanlooklikeher.''可知，Gooch不仅鼓励孩子们多读书，还向他们展示骑手可以像她一样。再结合全文内容可以判断，Gooch是一个鼓舞人心的人，故B项正确。］C（2021•湖南省六校联考）ThesummerholidaysareinfullswingandprotestshavebeguninanumberofpopularEuropeancities.Barcelona,inparticular,isatthecentreofthesemountingconcernsabouttherapidgrowthoftourismincities,especiallyduringpeakholidayperiods.Infact,DestinationBarcelonaestimatesthattherewere30millionovernightvisitorsin2017,comparedtoaresidentpopulationof1,625,137.Overtourismisnotanewproblem.Whilemanytouristswantto“livelikealocal“andhaveanauthenticandimmersiveexperienceduringtheirvisit,theresidentsofmanytourism-dependentdestinationsareseeingtheuniquesenseofplacethatcharacterisedtheirhometownsvanishbeneathawaveofsouvenirshops,crowds,tourbusesandrowdybars.Theyarealsosufferingaslocalamenities（便利设施）andinfrastructureareputunderenormousstrain.Itisatrulyglobalissue.Recently,ThaiauthoritieswereforcedtoactwhenanumberoftouristsvisitingMayaBay,thebeachmadefamousbyDannyBoyle'sfilmTheBeach,ledtoshockingenvironmentaldamage.Overtourismisharmingthelandscape,damagingbeaches,andputtinginfrastructureunderenormousstrain.Itcanhaveanimpactinmultipleways.Theinternationalcruiseindustry,forexample,deliversthousandsofpassengersdailytodestinationports.Whilecomparativelylittleisreturnedtocommunities,thecruiseactivitycreatesphysicalandvisualpollution.Cityresidentsalsobearthecostoftourismgrowth.Ascitiestransformitselftocaterfortourists,theglobaltravelsupplychainprospers.Thiscoincideswithincreasingpropertyspeculationandrisingcostsoflivingforlocalcommunities.Airbnb,forexample,hasbeenaccusedofreducinghousingaffordabilityanddisplacingresidents.Overcrowdingandtheestablishmentoftypicaltourism-focusedbusinesses,suchasclubs,barsandsouvenirshops,overwhelmlocalbusinesses,androwdyandunmanageabletouristbehaviouriscommon.Thisdiminishestheuniqueambienceofdestinationsandleadstocrowdandwastemanagementpressures.Localgovernmentandplanningauthoritieshavesofarbeenpowerlesstodealwiththeoverwhelminginfluenceoftheglobaltourismsupplychain.Thishasledtowidespreadutourist-phobia”firstdescribedbyManuelDelgadomorethanadecadeagoasamixtureofrepudiation,mistrustandcontemptfortourists.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲的是过度旅游带来的一系列不好的影响。What'sthepurposeofwritingthefirstparagraph?A・Topresentaphenomenon.Tointroducethetopic,overtourism.Togivereadersavividdescription.ToshowtheprotestsinBarcelona.B［写作意图题。根据题目定位到文章第一段，通读该段可知，该段主要提到了过度旅游的问题，结合下文主要围绕过度旅游带来的一系列不好的影响展开可知，该段是为了引出主题——过度旅游，故B项正确。］TheexampleofThaiauthoritiesshows・MayaBayinThaiisapopulartouristdestinationattractingagreatnumberofvisitorsB・visitingfamousplacesshowninmoviesisaglobalphenomenontoomanyvisitorswillcausegreatdamagetothelocalenvironmentmanylocalgovernmentshavealreadytakenactiontopreventovertourismC［推理判断题。根据题干中的“Thaiauthorities”定位到文章第二段最后一句，由此可知，过多的游客造成了惊人的环境破坏，泰国官方不得不采取行动，由此可推知，泰国官方的例子说明过多的游客会对当地的环境造成极大的破坏，故C项正确。］Accordingtothepassage,overtourismwill.improvethelocalcruiseindustrymakethelocalbusinessboomcausetherisingcostsoflivingfortheresidentsincreasethebusinessofAirbnbC［细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Cityresidentsalsobearthecostoftourismgrowth...Thiscoincideswithincreasingpropertyspeculationandrisingcostsoflivingforlocalcommunities.”可知，过度旅游会导致居民生活本钱上升，故C项正确。］Whatwillthewritermostprobablytalkaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Measurestodealwithovertourism.B・Problemscausedbyovertourism.C・Protestscausedbyovertourism.D.Environmentalpollutioncausedbyovertourism.A［推理判断题。文章前几段主要讲了过度旅游带来的一系列不好的影响，最后一段提到到目前为止，地方管理和规划部门还无力应对全球旅游供应链的巨大影响，这导致了“游客恐惧症”的蔓延。由此可推知，作者在下段最有可能介绍解决过度旅游的措施，故A项正确。］D（2021•武汉市质量检测）Neverplaygameswithabot（robot）一itwillfindawaytocheatifitcan.AteamfromOpenAI,anartificialintelligencelabinSanFrancisco,hasdevelopedartificiallyintelligentbotsthattaughtthemselvestocooperatebyplayinghide-and-seek.Thebotsalsolearnedhowtousebasictoolstohelpwin.BowenBakeratOpenAIandhiscolleagueswantedtoseeiftheteam-baseddynamicsoftheOpenAIFivecouldbeusedtoproduceskillsthatcouldonedaybeusefultohumans.Theresearcherssettheirbotslooseinasimulated（模拟的）environmentfilledwithfixedwalls,movableboxesandladders,andleftthemtoplayteamgamesofhide-and-seek.Thebotseachhadtheirownviewoftheworldandcouldn'tcommunicatewitheachotherdirectly.Atfirst,thehiderssimplyranaway.Buttheysoonworkedoutthatthequickestwaytostoptheseekerswastofindobjectsintheenvironmenttohidethemselvesfromview.Theseekerslearnedthattheycouldmoveboxesaroundandusethemtoclimboverwalls.Thebotsthendiscoveredthatbeingateamplayer-passingobjectstoeachotherorcooperatingonahideout-wasthequickestwaytowin.Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebotsstartedmakinguseofproblemsorfaults.Seekersfoundthatiftheypushedaladdertowardsawall,theycouldlaunchthemselvesintotheairandspothidersfromabove.Hidersfoundthattheycouldgetridoftheladdersbypushingthemaside.ItshowsthatAIbotsareabletofindsolutionsthathumansmiss,saysBaker."Maybethey511evenbeabletosolveproblemsthathumansdon'tyetknowhowto."However,itisalargeleap（总兆跃）fromvirtualhide-and-seektorealproblem-solving.“Themainlimitationisthatitisinsimulation,vsaysChelseaFinnatStanfordUniversity.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种通过玩捉迷藏自学合作技能的人工智能机器人，这种机器人还学会了使用基本工具来帮助自己获胜。WhydidBakerandhiscolleaguesconducttheresearch?Toteachbotstoplaygames.Totrainbotstousebasictools.Tofindifbotsmaycheatlikehumans.Toseethepotentialofbots'cooperation.D［细节理解题。第二段讲到OpenAI的BowenBaker和他的同事们想看看OpenAIFive人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能。由此可知，BowenBaker和他的同事进行这项研究是为了看机器人合作的潜力。故D项正确。］What'sthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?Thetoolsoftheresearch.B・Thedesignoftheresearch.Thecompetitorsofthegame.Theenvironmentofthegame.B［段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍了研究的设计：研究人员将机器人置于一个充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏，且彼此不能直接交流。故B项正确。］Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Passingobjects.B-Movingboxesaround.C・Makinguseoffaults.D.Hidingthemselvesfromview.C［代词指代题。根据第五段第一句"Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebotsstartedmakinguseofproblemsorfaults.”可知，但真正令人惊讶的是，机器人开始利用问题或错误；第五段最后两句给出了相应的例子；结合尾段第一句可以判断，该句主语It指代的是“机器人利用错误”，故C项正确。］WhatdoesChelseathinkofthefindingoftheresearch?A・ItcanbridgeagapintheAIresearch.Itwillnotbeinfluencedbytherealworld.Itwilldefinitelyhelptherealproblem-solving.Itmaynotberealizedoutofthevirtualworld.D［推理判断题。根据尾段尾句中ChelseaFinn所说的话“Themainlimitationisthatitisinsimulation”可知，ChelseaFinn认为主要的局限在于机器人的互动是处于模拟状态下的。据此可以判断，ChelseaFinn认为超出模拟范围，这种结果可能不会出现。故D项正确。］II.阅读七选五（2021•