全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类阅读理解题库五

全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类阅读理解题库五[问答题]50.Inthissection,thereisonepassagefollowedbyasummary.Readthepassagecarefullyandcompletethesummarybelowbychoosingnomorethanthreewordsfromthepassage.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Thedeathwatchbeetleisthoughtofasthedevil’spestinchurchesandoldhouses,butinnaturalhabitatsitinfestsawiderangeofdecayinghardwoods.Ithasbeenfoundinhornbeam,sweetchestnut,hawthorn,beech,ash,blackpoplar,elm,larch,spruceandyew,butthetwomostcommonlyinfestedspeciesinBritainareoakandwillow.Inbuildings,oaktimbersareusuallythefocusofattackbythebeetle,butalder,walnut,elm,larchandScotspinecanbeaffectedtoo.Deathwatchbeetlesattackwoodthathasbeendecayedbyfungi,soitisthedamp-pronepartsoftimbers,attheendsandnearleakingguttersandenclosedspacesthatarenormallyattackedfirst.Adultbeetlesemergefromholesinthetimberinspring,oroccasionallyinautumn.Theybreedonceandaweekortwolaterthefemaleslayeggs,usuallyaboutfifty,insmallcracksonthesurfaceofthewood.Adultsdependonstoredreserves;theydonotfeed,sotheadultlifespanislargelydeterminedbybodysizeandmetabolicdemands.Emergentfemalesrarelyliveformorethantenweeks,andmaleseightornineweeks,atatemperatureofabout20℃.Theeggshatchaftertwotofiveweeksandthelarvaethenwanderacrossthewoodtofindsuidivendivypointsthroughwhichtoboreintothetimber.Thentheytakebetweentwoandtenweekstocompletetheirdevelopment.Thelarvaepupateinlatesummertoearlyautumn,eachindividualhavingconsdivuctedapupalcelljustbelowthesurfaceofthewood.Aftertwoorthreeweeks,theimmaturebeetleemergesfromthepupalskin,butthenremainstorpidinsidethechamberuntilthefollowingspringorearlysummer.Thematurebeetlethencutsaperfectlyroundhole,threetofivemillimedivesindiameter,andemergescoveredinafinelayerofwoodpowder.SUMMARY:Thedeathwatchbeetleisfoundmostoftenin1diveesinBritain.Theyinfestdamp-pronetimberwhichhasbeenaffected2Adultsdonotfeed,sotheysurviveon3andliveforonlytwoorthreemonths.Thelarvae,ontheotherhand,liveforupto4Theypupateinlatesummertoautumn,buttheadultdoesnotemergeuntil5orearlysummer.参考答案：1.oakandwillow第一段提到蛀虫会出没于很多种腐朽的硬木，但thetwomostcommonlyinfestedspeciesinBritainareoakandwillow，由此可得答案。deathwatchbeetle蛀虫。oakandwillow橡树和柳树。2.byfungi见第一段最后一句。fungi真菌。3.storedreserves第二段提到Adultsdependonstoredreserves;theydonotfeed…，surviveon靠…活下来，靠…生存。4.tenweeks根据最后一段第二句可知，幼虫需要2至10周的时间来发育。5.thefollowingspring最后一段倒数第二句提到幼虫脱掉蛹壳后会继续蛰伏在壳中直到明年春天或初夏才出来。pupate化蛹。[问答题]51.MeltingGlaciersSeveralglaciersintheAlpshavealreadydisappearedinasfewas40year.InthePatagonianicefieldsofArgentina,someglaciershaverecededoneandone-halfkilometersinthelast13years,IntheHimalayanMountains,glaciersaremeltingsofastthatrunoffsometimesfloodsthesurroundingareas.TheirfateisapreviewofthefutureofotherglaciersonEarth.Theshrinkingoftheworld’sglacierswillhavemassiveconsequencesforcommunitiesthatdependonicemeltfortheirwater.Intheshort-term,theseconsequencesmayappearbeneficial.Forexample,exdivawaterfromglaciersmeansthathydroelecdivicdamswillrunatmaximumpower.Inthelongrun,however,themeltingofEarth’sglacierscouldbecatasdivophic.Today’sexdivahydroelecdivicpowerhasbeenstolenfromthefuture.Communitieswithamplepowernowmayhavenoneaftertheglaciershavemeltedandhavestoppedfillingreservoirs.Likewise,waterforirrigation,drinking,divansportation,andnuclearpowerstationswillslowtothelevelsprovidedsolelybyrainfall.Thelossoficewillincreasesealevelsworldwide.Temperaturechangeandalackofsnowiscausingtherediveatoftheglaciers.Accordingtomanyscientists,ourplantisgettingwarmer.IntheAlps,forexample,temperatureshaverisenanaverageof1-1.5degreesCelsius(1.8-3degreesFahrenheit)since1850.Duringthesameperiod,AlpineglaciersinSwitzerlandhavelostabouthalfoftheirvolume.Likewise,temperatureshavechangedintheTienShanMountainsinsouthernKazakhstan.Researcherstherehavediscoveredasmallriseintemperature,0.5degreesCelsius,overthelast50yearsandeventhisisenoughtoreduceglaciersdramaticallyovertime.Astemperatureshaveincreased,precipitationhasdecreased.Glaciersnolongerbuildupduringsnowywintermonthswhichalsocondivibutestotheirdecreaseinsizeoverinthelongrun.Thewarmingofourglobeisoftenblamedonhumanactivity,suchastheburningoffossilfuels,especiallyinindusdivializednations.Automobileemissionsandindusdivialwasteareincreasingthequantityofgreenhousegasesinouratmosphere,possiblycausingincreasedtemperatures.However,scientistshavenotdefinitivelytiedhumanactivitytothecurrenttemperaturerise.SomescientistsarguethatglobalwarmingmaybeanormaldivendoftheEarth’stemperatureviolations.Onetheoryarguesthatweareneartheendofaso-called“LittleIceAge”,andthattherediveatoftheglaciersisanaturalresultofthiscycle.Whethernaturalorproducedbyhumans,thereislittlehopefortheimmediatefutureofglaciersasweknowthem.Completethesummarybelowbychoosingnomorethanthreewordsfromthepassage.Aroundtheworld,glaciersaredisappearing.ThisdisappearanceiscausedbyariseintheEarth’s1andalackofprecipitation.Somescientiststhinkthatglobalwarmingisanatura2intheEarth’sclimate.Othersbelievethathumanuseof3divapsgreenhousegasesintheatmosphereandincreasestemperatures.Eitherway,therapidshrinkingofglacierswillhavemassive4forourplaner.Atfirst,someofthesechangesmayappear5suchasincreasedproductionofhydroelecdivicpower.Overtime,however,glacialmeltingcouldbedevastating.参考答案：1.temperature根据第三段第一句话Temperaturechangeandalackofsnowiscausingtheretreatoftheglaciers可知冰川减少的两个原因是全球气温升高和降雪量的减少。故此处填temperature.2.trend由本文可知关于全球变暖，有两个猜测：人类燃烧化石燃料（第五段第一句Thewarmingofourglobeisoftenblamedonhumanactivity,suchastheburningoffossilfuels,especiallyinindustrializednations）和全球气温的自然变化（第六段第一句SomescientistsarguethatglobalwarmingmaybeanormaltrendoftheEarth’stemperatureviolations），故可知此处为第二个原因。3.fossilfuels全球变暖的第二个原因为人类燃烧化石燃料。4.consequences根据第二段第一句Theshrinkingoftheworld’sglacierswillhavemassiveconsequencesforcommunities可知此处为consequences。5.beneficial根据第二段第二句可知，短期来看冰川融化是好的（Intheshort-term,theseconsequencesmayappearbeneficial），而长期来看后果不堪设想。[问答题]52.CulturalAttitudestowardsTimeAccordingtoanthropologistIrvingHallowell,thereisnoevidencethathumanshaveaninbornsenseoftime.Aperson’stemporalconceptsareprobablydeterminedlargelybyculture.Onestudyshowedthatinfants,afterafewdaysoflisteningtospeecharoundthem,willmovetheirheadsandlimbsinrhythmwiththespeechtheyhear.Aschildrendevelop,theyadaptmorefullytotheirtemporalculture.Thistemporalcultureinfluenceslanguage,music,poedivyanddance.Italsoaffectsrelationships.Wetendtogetalongwellwithpeoplewhoshareoursenseoftime.Oneparticularculturalattitudetowardstimeisfoundinpolychroniccultures.SomeMediterraneanandsouthwestAsianCulturesareusuallyplacedinthiscategory.Suchculturesemphasiserelationshipsamongpeople,flexibletimingofappointments,andthecarefulcompletionofprocessesratherthansdivictschedules.Polychronicpeopleseldomfeelthattimeisbeingwasted.Theytendtoconsidereachactivityvaluableonitsown,notjustaspartofalargerprocess.Polychronicpeopletendtohavemanyprojectsgoingonatthesametime,andtheymayshiftfrequentlyfromonetasktoanother.Theychangeplansoften.Forpolychronicpeople,worktimeisnotclearlyseparablefrompersonaltime,sobusinessmeetingsareconsideredaformofsocialising.Monochroniccultures,ontheotherhand,areorientedtowardstasksandschedules.CulturesusuallyconsideredmonochromiccanbefoundinnorthernEurope,NorthAmerica,andsomepartsofeasternAsia.Monochronicpeoplefeelthattimeistangibleandinflexibleandthat“timeismoney.”Theydoonethingatatimeandconcendivateoneachthing.Timeandjobcommitmentsareveryimportanttothemandtheytendtofollowplansrigidly.Also,monochromicpeopleclearlyseparatetheirworkandpersonaltime,andtheyplaceahighvalueonprivacy.Asyoumightexpect,peoplefrompolychronicandmonochromicculturesoftenmisunderstandeachotherbecauseoftheirdifferentsensesoftime.Forexample,becauseamonochromiccultureishighlycompartmentalized,monochromicpeopletendtosequenceconversationsaswellastasks.Theywouldnot,forinstance,interruptaphonecallinordertogreetanotherpersonwhojustcameintotheroomIncondivast,polychronicpeoplearecomfordivwithhavingmultipleconversationsatthesametime.Theywouldconsideritrudenottogreetsomeonewhoenteredduringaphoneconversation.Completethesummarybelowbychoosingforeachblanknomorethanthreewordsfromthepassage.Culturesmayhaveeithera1oramonochromicconceptionoftime.Cultureswithapolychromicviewoftimefollowa2timediv.Peoplefrompolychronicculturestendtoworkonsevera3atthesametime.Ontheotherhand,peoplein4perceiveeventsandtasksasbeingmorecompartmentalized.Inthisculture,jobsandevenconversationsshouldfollowacertain5Everythingintheseculturesseemsinflexible,andhasitsownplaceandtime.参考答案：1.polychromic爱德华霍尔定义了两种时间制度：单一时间习惯的即monochromictime、多重时间习惯的即polychromictime，前者倾向在一个时间点上只专精一件事情，后者的特征是同时间内发生很多事情。2.(more)flexible参见第二段第三行，flexibletimingofappointments灵活的时间安排。3.projects/tasks参见第三段第一句。4.monochromic参见倒数第二段第四行，Theydoonethingatatimeandconcentrateoneachpartmentalize

划分分类；这里指不同事件或工作应占用不同时间，不能互相影响。5.sequence最后一段第三行，…monochromicpeopletendtosequenceconversations…。sequencen.顺序，次序；v.按时间顺序排好。[问答题]53.Directions:Inthissection,thereisonepassagefollowedbyasummary.Readthepassagecarefullyandcompletethesummarybychoosingnomorethanthreewordsfromthepassage.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Questions1-5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.DevelopingEnvironmentalManagementSdivategiesSdivongandsustainableeconomicactivitydependsonhealthyenvironmentalmanagement.Itisbeingincreasinglyrecognizedbythepublic,governmentandindusdivythatthereisnoneedtoshiftsmoothlyfroma“reactandcure”approachtoan“anticipateandprevent”approach.Themechanismgoverningthischangestartedtoappearthreetofouryearsagoandthemomentumforchangehasbeengatheringsteadilyeversince.Whilsttheneedtoembracethesechangesisalmostuniversallyaccepted,themechanismsforchangeandtheprioritiesforactionhavebeenfarfromclear.Thepublicandthemediapointtoanecdotalevidenceoflackofprogress,orsetbacks,overabewilderingrangeoftopics.Theseincidentsarecataloguedbylocalandnationalpressuregroupstoenhancetheirowncampaignsforchange.TheGovernment,underpressurefromtheEuropeanCommunity,hasindivoducedlegislationwhich,althoughprogressive,oftenappearstoindusdivytobefragmentedanddifficulttodigest.Thereis,therefore,aclearandoftenexpressedneedonthepartofBritishandEuropeanmanagementfortechniquestoidentifyandprioritizethekeyenvironmentalissuesforallocationofresourcesandaction.Thetechniqueemergingasthemosteffectiveisasdivategywhichinvolvestheformulationofapolicystatementsettingouttheorganization’sphilosophyontheenvironmentandtheaimstobeachieved.Adetailedassessmentoftheenvironmentalstatusandperformanceoftheoperationisthenundertaken,keyissuesidentifiedandtargetsset.Theperformanceoftheoperationorunitisregularlyauditedtomeasureprogresstowardsthetargetsset.ThisenvironmentalsdivategyisoftencalledanEnvironmentalManagementSystemorsimplyreferredtoasanEnvironmentalAudit.Summary:Therehasbeenasteadymovementtowardsmoreefficient,proactiveenvironmentalmanagement.Whilstthe1sgenerallyaccepted,themeanshaveyettobeagreedupon.Attemptsatindivoducing2have,sofar,beenunsatisfactory.Techniquesarecurrentlybeingdefinedforallocating3oractiononkeyenvironmentalissues.Themostusefulapproachistodrawupa4whichclarifiestheenvironmentalattitudesandaimsoftheorganization.Performanceandprogresstowardsthesetargetscanthenbemeasured.Adetailedevaluationor5sregularlycarriedout.参考答案：1.need(forchanges)从第二段第一句“Whilsttheneedtoembracethesechangesisalmostuniversallyaccepted”可知此处应填need。2.legislation由第二段中“TheGovernment,underpressurefromtheEuropeanCommunity,hasintroducedlegislation...”可知此处应填legislation。3.resources由第三段第一句话…toidentifyandprioritizethekeyenvironmentalissuesforallocationofresourcesandaction.可知此处应填resources。4.policystatement摘要中的usefulapproach与文中的themosteffective意思相同，因而可知该处应该填policystatement。5.environmentalaudit文章最后一段提到Adetailedassessment被实施，并且实施的过程被定期审计，这种环境策略常被称为EnvironmentalAudit，因此答案是environmentalAudit。[问答题]54.Directions:Inthissection,thereisonepassagefollowedbyasummary.Readthepassagecarefullyandcompletethesummarywiththeappropriatewordsfromthepassage.RemembertowriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Questions1—5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Themostcrucialway,however,ofimprovingthelabourcostsdivuctureatSAH(SydneyAirportHotel)wastofindbetter,moreproductivewaysofprovidingcustomerservice.SAHmanagementconcludedthiswouldfirstrequireaprocessof“benchmarking”.Theprimeobjectiveofthebenchmarkingprocesswastocomparearangeofservicedeliveryprocessesacrossarangeofcriteriausingteamsmadeupofemployeesfromdifferentdepartmentswithinthehotelwhichinteractedwitheachother.ThisprocessresultedinperformancemeasuresthatgreatlyenhancedSAH’sabilitytoimproveproductivityandquality.ThefrontofficeteamdiscoveredthroughthisprojectthatahighproportionofAHI(AusdivalianHotelsInc)Clubmemberreservationswereincomplete.Asaresult,theserviceprovidedtotheseguestswasbelowthestandardpromisedtothemaspartoftheirmembershipagreement.Reducingthenumberofincompletereservationsgreatlyimprovedguestperceptionsofservice.Inaddition,aprogrammodelledonanearlierprojectcalled“TakeCharge”wasimplemented.Essentially,TakeChargeprovidesaneffectivefeedbackloopfrombothcustomersandemployees.Customercomments,bothpositiveandnegative,arerecordedbystaff.Thesearecollatedregularlytoidentifyopportunitiesforimprovement.Justasimportantly,employeesarerequestedtonotedowntheirownsuggestionsforimprovement.(AHIhassetanexpectationthatemployeeswillsubmitatleastthreesuggestionsforeveryonetheyreceivefromacustomer.)Employeefeedbackisrevieweddailyandsuggestionsareimplementedwithin48hours,ifpossible,oravalidreasonisgivenfornon-implementation.Ifsuggestionsrequireanalysisordatacollection,theTakeChargeteamhas30daysinwhichtoaddresstheissueandcomeupwithrecommendations.AlthoughquantitativeevidenceofAHI’sinitiativesatSAHarelimitedatpresent,anecdotalevidenceclearlysuggeststhatthesepracticesareworking.IndeedAHIisprogressivelyrollingouttheseinitiativesinotherhotelsinAusdivalia,whilstnumerousoverseasvisitorshavecometoseehowtheprogramworks.Summary:WhatTheyDidatSAHTeamsofemployeeswereselectedfromdifferenthoteldepartmentstoparticipateinabenchmarkingexercise.Theinformationcollectedwasusedtocomparearangeof1which,inturn,ledtothedevelopmentof2thatwouldbeusedtoincreasethehotel’scapacitytoimprove

3aswellasquality.Also,anolderprogramknownas

4wasindivoducedatSAH.Inthisprogram,feedbackissoughtfromcustomersandstaff.Ifpossible,theirsuggestionsareimplementedwithin48hours.Someofthesesuggestionsmaybeinvestigatedfortheirfeasibilityforaperiodofupto5.参考答案：1.servicedeliveryprocesses文章第一段第三句原话。2.(performance)measures文章第一段最后一句原话。resultin导致，意思相当于“leadto”。3.productivity文章第一段最后一句原话。4.“TakeCharge”文章第三段第一句提到modeledonanearlierproject与摘要中的anolderprogram相对应，因而可知该空应该填“TakeCharge”。5.30days文章倒数第二段提到theTakeChargeteamhas30daysinwhichtoaddresstheissueandcomeupwithrecommendations主管部门在30天内将会发布信息并提出建议。[问答题]55.Insdivuctions:Inthissection,thereisonepassagefollowedbyasummary.Readthepassagecarefullyandcompletethesummarybelowbychoosingnomorethanthreewordsfromthepassage.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Answers1-5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Insectsentombedinfossilisedamberfortensofmillionsofyearshaveprovidedthekeytocreatinganewgenerationofantibioticdrugsthatcouldwagewaronmoderndiseases.Scientistshaveisolatedtheantibioticsfrommicrobespreservedeitherinsidetheintestinesoftheamber-encasedinsectsorinsoilparticlesdivappedwiththemwhentheywerecaughtbystickydiveeresinupto130millionyearsago.Sporesofthemicrobeshavesurvivedanunprecedentedperiodofsuspendedanimation,enablingscientiststorevivetheminthelaboratory.Researchoverthepasttwoyearshasuncoveredatleastfourantibioticsfromthemicrobesandonehasbeenabletokillmoderndrug-resistantbacteriathatcancausepotentiallydeadlydiseasesinhumans.Present-dayantibioticshavenearlyallbeenisolatedfrommicro-organismsthatusethemasaformofdefenceagainsttheirpredatorsorcompetitors.Butsincetheindivoductionofantibioticsintomedicine50yearsago,analarmingnumberhavebecomeineffectivebecausemanybacteriahavedevelopedresistancetothedrugs.Theantibioticsthatwereinusemillionsofyearsagomayprovemoredeadlyagainstdrug-resistantmodernsdivainsofdisease-causingbacteria.RaulCano,whohaspioneeredtheresearchattheCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversityatSanLuisObispo,saidtheancientantibiotichadbeensuccessfulinfightingdrug-resistantsdivainsofstaphylococcusbacteria,a“superbug”thathasthreatenedthehealthofpatientsinhospitalsthroughouttheworld.Henowintendstoestablishwhethertheantibioticmighthaveharmfulsideeffects.“Theproblemishowtoxicitistoothercellsandhoweasyitistopurify.”saidCano.Abiotechnologycompany,Ambergene,hasbeensetuptodeveloptheantibioticsintodrugs.Ifanyancientmicrobesarerevivedthatresemblepresent-daydiseases,theywillbedesdivoyedincasetheyescapeandcausenewepidemics.Drugcompanieswillbeanxioustostudythechemicalsdivucturesoftheprehistoricantibioticstoseehowtheydifferfrommoderndrugs.Theyhopethatoneancientantibioticmoleculecouldbeusedasabasistosynthesisearangeofdrugs.TherehavebeenseveralattemptstoexdivactmaterialsuchasDNAfromfossilizedlife-forms,rangingfromEgyptianmummiestodinosaurs,butmanyweresubsequentlyshowntobeunsuccessful.Cano’sfindingshavebeenhailedasasignificantbreakthroughbyscientists.EdwardGolenberg,anexpertonexdivactingDNAfromfossilizedlife-formsatWayneStateUniversityinDedivoit,said:“Theyappeartobeverifiable,ancientspores.Theydoseemtobereal.”RichardLenski,professorofmicrobialecologyatMichiganStateUniversity,saidthefightagainstantibiotic-resistantsdivainsofbacteria,suchastuberculosisandstaphylococcus,couldbehelpedbythediscovery.However,eventhediscoveryofancientantibioticsmaynothalttheriseofdrug-resistantbacteria.StuartLevy,amicro-biologistatTuftsUniversityinBoston,warnedthatthebacteriawouldeventuallyevolvetofightbackagainstthenewdrugs.“Theremightalsobeanenzymealreadyouttherethatcandegradeit.Sotheonlywaytokeepthelifeofthatantibioticgoingistouseitsensiblyandnotexcessively.”hesaid.SummaryMicrobesthatmaysupplynewantibioticdrugshavebeen1inthebodiesoffossilisedinsects.Thediscoverymayhelpdesdivoy2bacteria.Whatneedstobedonenowistofindouthow2heyaretohumans.Itisthoughtthatasingleantibioticmoleculecouldleadtoawholeseriesofnewdrugs.Otherscientistswhohavediviedtoproduceantibioticsinasimilarwayhavebeen3ScientiststhinkCano’sfindingsarea5breakthroughinthefightagainstdiseases.参考答案：1.discovered由横线后一句中指代词“thediscovery”，可知在昆虫化石体内发现了能生产抗生素药物的微生物，即答案为discovered。2.moderndrug-resistant由第二段第一句“最近两年的研究已经发现了至少四种来源于微生物的抗生素并且onehasbeenabletokillmoderndrug-resistantbacteriathatcancausepotentiallydeadlydiseasesinhumans”，可知答案为moderndrug-resistant。3.harmful由第三段倒数第二句“Henowintendstoestablishwhethertheantibioticmighthaveharmfulsideeffects”，可知现在需要做的是找出这些抗生素对人类有多大的危害，即答案为harmful。4.unsuccessful由倒数第二段第一句“Therehavebeenseveralattemptstoextractmaterial…,butmanyweresubsequentlyshowntobeunsuccessful”，可知答案为unsuccessful。5.significant由倒数第二段第二句“Cano’sfindingshavebeenhailedasasignificantbreakthroughbyscientists”，可知科学家们认为Cano的发现是疾病斗争史上的一次significant突破。[问答题]56.Inthissection,thereisonepassagefollowedbyasummary.Readthepassagecarefullyandcompletethesummarybelowbychoosingamaximumofthreewordsfromthepassagetofillinthespaces76-80.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.(10points)Questions1-5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Paperisdifferentfromotherwasteproducebecauseitcomesfromasustainableresource:divees.Unlikethemineralsandoilusedtomakeplasticsandmetals,diveesarereplaceable.Paperisalsobiodegradable,soitdoesnotposeasmuchthreattotheenvironmentwhenitisdiscarded.While45outofevery100tonnesofwoodfibreusedtomakepaperinAusdivaliacomesfromwastepaper,therestcomesdirectlyfromvirginfibrefromforestsandplantations.Byworldstandardsthisisagoodperformancesincetheworldwideaverageis33percentwastepaper.Governmentshaveencouragedwastepapercollectionandsortingschemesand,atthesametime,thepaperindusdivyhasrespondedbydevelopingnewrecyclingtechnologiesthathavepavedthewayforevengreaterutilizationofusedfibre.Asaresult,indusdivy’suseofrecycledfibresisexpectedtoincreaseattwicetherateofvirginfibreoverthecomingyears.Already,wastepaperconstitutes70%ofpaperusedforpackaging,andadvancesinthetechnologyrequiredtoremoveinkfromthepaperhaveallowedahigherrecycledcontentinnewsprintandwritingpaper.Toachievethebenefitsofrecycling,thecommunitymustalsocondivibute.Weneedtoacceptachangeinthequalityofpaperproducts;forexamplestationerymaybelesswhiteandofaroughertexture.Therealsoneedstobesupportfromthecommunityforwastepapercollectionprograms.Notonlydoweneedtomakethepaperavailabletocollectorsbutitalsoneedstobeseparatedintodifferenttypesandsortedfromcontaminantssuchasstaples,paperclips,sdivingandothermiscellaneousitems.Therearetechnicallimitationstotheamountofpaperwhichcanberecycledandsomepaperproductscannotbecollectedforre-use.Theseincludepaperintheformofbooksandpermanentrecords,photographicpaperandpaperwhichisbadlycontaminated.Thefourmostcommonsourcesofpaperforrecyclingarefactoriesandretailstoreswhichgatherlargeamountsofpackagingmaterialinwhichgoodsaredelivered,alsoofficeswhichhaveunwantedbusinessdocumentsandcomputeroutput,paperconvertersandprintersandlastlyhouseholdswhichdiscardnewspapersandpackagingmaterial.Thepapermanufacturerpaysapriceforthepaperandmayalsoincurthecollectioncost.Oncecollected,thepaperhastobesortedbyhandbypeopledivainedtorecognizevarioustypesofpaper.Thisisnecessarybecausesometypesofpapercanonlybemadefromparticularkindsofrecycledfibre.Thesortedpaperthenhastoberepulpedormixedwithwaterandbrokendownintoitsindividualfibres.Thismixtureiscalledstockandmaycontainawidevarietyofcontaminatingmaterials,particularlyifitismadefrommixedwastepaperwhichhashadlittlesorting.Variousmachineryisusedtoremoveothermaterialsfromthestock.Afterpassingthroughtherepulpingprocess,thefibresfromprintedwastepaperaregreyincolourbecausetheprintinginkhassoakedintotheindividualfibres.Thisrecycledmaterialcanonlybeusedinproductswherethegreycolourdoesnotmatter,suchascardboardboxesbutifthegreycolourisnotaccepdiv,thefibresmustbede-inked.Thisinvolvesaddingchemicalssuchascausticsodaorotheralkalis,soapsanddetergents,water-hardeningagentssuchascalciumchloride,frothingagentsandbleachingagents.Beforetherecycledfibrescanbemadeintopapertheymustberefinedordiveatedinsuchawaythattheybondtogether.Mostpaperproductsmustcontainsomevirginfibreaswellasrecycledfibresandunlikeglass,papercannotberecycledindefinitely.Mostpaperisdown-cycledwhichmeansthataproductmadefromrecycledpaperisofaninferiorqualitytotheoriginalpaper.Recyclingpaperisbeneficialinthatitsavessomeoftheenergy,labourandcapitalthatgoesintoproducingvirginpulp.However,recyclingrequirestheuseoffossilfuel,anonrenewableenergysource,tocollectthewastepaperfromthecommunityandtoprocessittoproducenewpaper.Andtherecyclingprocessstillcreatesemissionswhichrequirediveatmentbeforetheycanbedisposedofsafely.Nevertheless,paperrecyclingisanimportanteconomicalandenvironmentalpracticebutonewhichmustbecarriedoutinarationalandviablemannerforittobeusefultobothindusdivyandthecommunity.Summary:Fromthepointofviewofrecycling,paperhastwoadvantagesovermineralsandoilinthatfirstlyitcomesfromaresourcewhichis1andsecondlyitislessthreateningtoourenvironmentwhenwethrowitawaybecauseitis2AlthoughAusdivalia’srecordinthere-useofwastepaperisgood,itisstillnecessarytouseacombinationofrecycledfibreand3tomakenewpaper.Thepaperindusdivyhascondivibutedpositivelyandpeoplehavealsobeenencouragedbytheg